The American Financial System (2)
美國金融制度(二)
Mr.Tanaka and the American banker continue their discussion of the financial and monetary system of the United States .
田中先生和美國銀行家繼續(xù)他們有關美國金融和貨幣制度的討論。
Tanaka:I suppose that means that for all practical purposes the Fed controls the state chartered banks ,too.
田 中：我想，這就意味著，為了實際需要，美國聯(lián)邦儲備系統(tǒng)也控制著各個州立銀行。
Banker:Yes,I would say that's correct .The Fed has the final authority on controlling the supply of money ,
銀行家：是這樣的。美國聯(lián)邦儲備系統(tǒng)在控制貨幣發(fā)行方面有最終權威，
and that alone has a great impact on any bank .
并且單就這一點它也會對任何一個銀行產(chǎn)生巨大影響。
T:You said earlier that the Fed issues the main currency of the country .
田 中：以前，您講過美國聯(lián)邦儲備系統(tǒng)發(fā)行國內(nèi)主要貨幣，
Do you mean that there are several forms of currency?
您是說，還有其他幾種形式的貨幣同時存在嗎?
B:Historically ,there have been a number of different issues of currency .
銀行家：從歷看，這里有許多不同的貨幣發(fā)行渠道。
Some notes have been issued by the Treasury and some by the Fed .
一些貨幣是由財政部發(fā)生的，一些是由聯(lián)邦儲備銀行發(fā)行的。
Actually ,if you look carefully at the notes you have in your possession ,you 'll find some that say United States Note ,
實際上，您如果仔細察看您所擁有的紙幣，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，有些注明是美國的鈔票，
some that say Federal Reserve Bank Note and even some that say National Bank Note .
有些是聯(lián)邦儲備銀行的鈔票，甚至還有的是國家銀行的鈔票，
These are all forms of old issues that are gradually being retired from circulation.
這些都是舊的發(fā)行渠道，可這些鈔票正逐步地從流通領域中消失。
T:Therefore,the Federal Reserve Note is the main one today ?
田 中：因此，美國聯(lián)邦儲備銀行發(fā)行的鈔票是目前主要的貨幣形式。
B:Yes,that's right .It's what we call fiat money or currency without any gold or silver backing .
銀行家：是的，您說得對。這正是我們所說的沒有任何金或銀作為儲備根據(jù)所發(fā)行的紙幣或貨幣。
We all accept it as money because the government declares it to be money.
我們把它們當作金錢，因為政府宣布它們是金錢。
T:Yes,that's the same as the situation in Japan .I think that's true in all modern nations today .
田 中：是的，日本的情況也是同樣如此。我想，當今所有的現(xiàn)代國家也都是如此情況。
B:Yes,in paper currency as well as coinage .Modern coins are called token money for that reason .
銀行家：是的，無論是紙幣還是硬幣的發(fā)行都是照此辦理的，為此，現(xiàn)代硬幣被稱之為“輔幣”。
美國金融制度(二)
Mr.Tanaka and the American banker continue their discussion of the financial and monetary system of the United States .
田中先生和美國銀行家繼續(xù)他們有關美國金融和貨幣制度的討論。
Tanaka:I suppose that means that for all practical purposes the Fed controls the state chartered banks ,too.
田 中：我想，這就意味著，為了實際需要，美國聯(lián)邦儲備系統(tǒng)也控制著各個州立銀行。
Banker:Yes,I would say that's correct .The Fed has the final authority on controlling the supply of money ,
銀行家：是這樣的。美國聯(lián)邦儲備系統(tǒng)在控制貨幣發(fā)行方面有最終權威，
and that alone has a great impact on any bank .
并且單就這一點它也會對任何一個銀行產(chǎn)生巨大影響。
T:You said earlier that the Fed issues the main currency of the country .
田 中：以前，您講過美國聯(lián)邦儲備系統(tǒng)發(fā)行國內(nèi)主要貨幣，
Do you mean that there are several forms of currency?
您是說，還有其他幾種形式的貨幣同時存在嗎?
B:Historically ,there have been a number of different issues of currency .
銀行家：從歷看，這里有許多不同的貨幣發(fā)行渠道。
Some notes have been issued by the Treasury and some by the Fed .
一些貨幣是由財政部發(fā)生的，一些是由聯(lián)邦儲備銀行發(fā)行的。
Actually ,if you look carefully at the notes you have in your possession ,you 'll find some that say United States Note ,
實際上，您如果仔細察看您所擁有的紙幣，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，有些注明是美國的鈔票，
some that say Federal Reserve Bank Note and even some that say National Bank Note .
有些是聯(lián)邦儲備銀行的鈔票，甚至還有的是國家銀行的鈔票，
These are all forms of old issues that are gradually being retired from circulation.
這些都是舊的發(fā)行渠道，可這些鈔票正逐步地從流通領域中消失。
T:Therefore,the Federal Reserve Note is the main one today ?
田 中：因此，美國聯(lián)邦儲備銀行發(fā)行的鈔票是目前主要的貨幣形式。
B:Yes,that's right .It's what we call fiat money or currency without any gold or silver backing .
銀行家：是的，您說得對。這正是我們所說的沒有任何金或銀作為儲備根據(jù)所發(fā)行的紙幣或貨幣。
We all accept it as money because the government declares it to be money.
我們把它們當作金錢，因為政府宣布它們是金錢。
T:Yes,that's the same as the situation in Japan .I think that's true in all modern nations today .
田 中：是的，日本的情況也是同樣如此。我想，當今所有的現(xiàn)代國家也都是如此情況。
B:Yes,in paper currency as well as coinage .Modern coins are called token money for that reason .
銀行家：是的，無論是紙幣還是硬幣的發(fā)行都是照此辦理的，為此，現(xiàn)代硬幣被稱之為“輔幣”。