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    新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)Lesson79學(xué)習(xí)筆記
    1. I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy.
    我在幼年的時(shí)候，曾多次乘飛機(jī)旅行。
    ①used to +do 表示過(guò)去常常做某事，而be used to +doing 則表示習(xí)慣做某事。
    ②by+交通工具 這個(gè)也是一個(gè)很常見(jiàn)的用法，表示乘坐某某工具。
    ③a great deal 表示很多，大量。如果修飾名詞則為a great deal of+n，這里名詞則為不可數(shù)名詞。
    You have spent a great deal of time and effort on this project, I believe you will succeed.
    你在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上花了大量時(shí)間和心血，我相信你會(huì)成功的。
    ④這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)when就表示“就在那時(shí)”。如：
    When I studied in the library, She called me.
    我在圖書(shū)館學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候她給我來(lái)電話了。
    2. take charge of 照管，負(fù)責(zé)，擔(dān)任
    in charge of 管理，負(fù)責(zé)照料 in the charge of 由……照顧
    Don't worry, I will take charge of the baby when you are away.
    別擔(dān)心，你不在的時(shí)候我會(huì)照顧好孩子的。
    3. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport.
    起飛之后，我們?cè)诔鞘猩峡盏偷偷仫w行，然后慢慢爬高。
    ①這是一個(gè)after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句動(dòng)作fly發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作take off之后。類似的句子比如：
    After her made the statement, we knew how the accident happened.
    在她做完陳述后我們了解了整個(gè)事故的經(jīng)過(guò)。
    ②詞組take off除了表示起飛，還可表示脫掉;出名;匆匆離開(kāi);取消等。 turn round 旋轉(zhuǎn);轉(zhuǎn)身;改變
    4. While we were waiting to land, a flight attendant told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down.
    在我們等待降落時(shí)，一位空中乘務(wù)員告訴我們要保持鎮(zhèn)靜，待飛機(jī)一著陸，就馬上不聲不響地離開(kāi)飛機(jī)。
    ①land 著陸;登岸;下(船、飛機(jī)等)，相反地，上船、飛機(jī)等則是board。
    land at +someplace 在某處著陸 /登岸
    ②keep calm →keep+adj. 保持某種狀態(tài) 如keep silent 保持安靜;保持沉默
    ③as soon as 一……就……剛……便…… 表示“A事情發(fā)生以后，就做B這件事”，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)在句子中的位置很靈活，可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
    As soon as I came in the room, the door bell rang.
    我剛進(jìn)房間門鈴就響了。
    I will call you as soon as I arrives in Beijing.
    我一到北京就給你打電話。
    ④touch down 【航空】著陸 【橄欖球】觸地得分
    新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)Lesson80學(xué)習(xí)筆記
    1. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass.
    這座水晶宮不同于世界上所有的其他建筑，因?yàn)樗怯娩摵筒ＡЫǔ傻摹?BR>    ①be different from 和……不同;不同于
    His personality is quite different from his brother's.
    他的性格跟他哥哥截然不同。
    ②for it was made of iron and glass.
    這個(gè)句子里for后面的分句表示原因、理由，是對(duì)前面分句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
    be made of 由……制成，表示可以看得出原材料，而be made from+材料，表示制作出的東西看不出原材料。
    2. a great many 許多，大量 修飾可出名詞，等同于a good many。而a great deal of也可表示許多，大量，但后面只接不可數(shù)名詞。
    As the National Day is coming, there are a great many people in the railway station.
    國(guó)慶節(jié)即將來(lái)臨，火車站全是人。
    3. traveling was not as easy as it is today.
    在當(dāng)時(shí)旅行不像現(xiàn)在這么容易。
    as…as 與……等同，達(dá)到與……相同的程度 用于副詞和形容詞之間，以構(gòu)成比較句型，其中后面一個(gè)as用做連詞。
    The prices of commodities here are not as expensive as that in Shanghai.
    這里的物價(jià)并不像上海那么高。
    4. There was also a great deal of machinery on display.
    ①on display / on show 展出的，在句子中可以作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等等。
    ②machinery 機(jī)器、機(jī)械裝置的總稱，是集合名詞，be動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。當(dāng)指某個(gè)具體的機(jī)器時(shí)可用machine或a piece of machinery來(lái)表示。
    5. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.
    一到英國(guó)，火車就把他們送到了水晶宮。
    on+doing 相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，表示“一……就……” 上述句子相當(dāng)于Soon after they arrived in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.
    6. they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.
    上面這句里面were taken to是個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。
    被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就是主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)作的承受者。在漢語(yǔ)中我們常用“被”“由”來(lái)表達(dá)這種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
    被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，如有必要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者可由介詞by引出的短語(yǔ)表示。助動(dòng)詞be隨主語(yǔ)的人稱、樹(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的不同而變化。例如：
    I was told that I should work overtime during the holiday.
    我被告知節(jié)假日里要加班。
    The expressway is being repaired by the workers.
    工人們正在修高速公路。
    新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)Lesson81學(xué)習(xí)筆記
    1. When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes.
    這個(gè)句子里he和the prisoner是同一個(gè)人，在敘述時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，就將其中一個(gè)用代詞表示。
    drag、draw和pull都有拖、拽的意思，它們的區(qū)別如下：
    drag: 指沿斜坡而上或水平方向緩慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻時(shí)可指把人硬拉過(guò)來(lái)。
    draw: 指將人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平穩(wěn)意味，常作借喻用。
    pull: 普通用詞，包含本組其它各詞的一些意思，可指朝各個(gè)方向拉，側(cè)重一時(shí)或突然拉動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。
    2. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp.
    現(xiàn)在他身穿藍(lán)軍裝，肩扛步槍，在軍營(yíng)門前大膽地來(lái)回走看。
    ①dress in+sth 穿上某物;喬裝打扮
    She dressed in blue evening dress to attend the banquet.
    她穿著藍(lán)色晚禮服去參加晚宴。
    ②march up and down 來(lái)回踱步，走來(lái)走去
    3. He could hear shouting in the camp itself.
    他聽(tīng)得軍營(yíng)里面的喧鬧聲。
    ①hear同see、watch、feel、notice等感觀動(dòng)詞一樣，其賓語(yǔ)后所接的不定式不含to。例如：
    I often hear her sing.
    我常聽(tīng)到她唱歌。
    但當(dāng)hear用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式中要含to。
    She is often heard to sing.
    人們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到她唱歌。
    ②hear的賓語(yǔ)后既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞。但是在表示“故意聽(tīng)……”時(shí)，只能用不定式。
    I often hear her sing.
    I often hear her singing.
    hear from sb. 接到……的信 hear about / of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)
    4. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed.
    軍官們下了車，戰(zhàn)俘立正站好，并在他們從他面前經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)敬了禮。
    ① stand to attention 立正，當(dāng)在軍事訓(xùn)練中喊到“立正”這一口號(hào)時(shí)可直接用“Attention”表示。
    ② salute 及物動(dòng)詞 表示“行禮、致意、問(wèn)候”。
    We salute the flag every Monday at school.
    我們?cè)趯W(xué)校每周一向國(guó)旗行禮。
    ③ pass 經(jīng)過(guò);傳遞;通過(guò)
    We passed slowly down the hill in the afternoon.
    下午時(shí)我們慢慢向山下移動(dòng)。
    pass by 經(jīng)過(guò) pass over 忽視，放過(guò) pass on 傳遞，傳授
    pass out 昏倒，失去知覺(jué) pass for 被當(dāng)作
    5. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow.
    當(dāng)這個(gè)人走近時(shí)，戰(zhàn)俘一拳把他*在地。
    ① come near 走近，接近;幾乎
    ② knock to the ground *在地
    ③ 這個(gè)句子是由as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
    我們目前接觸得比較多的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多由when、while、as引導(dǎo)。
    A. when引導(dǎo)
    a. 表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候” 可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。例如：
    When I get the result, I will tell you right away.
    當(dāng)我知道結(jié)果后我就立馬告訴你。
    b.表示“正當(dāng)……的時(shí)候” 相當(dāng)于be about to do sth. when
    I was watching a movie when he called me.
    他給我打電話時(shí)我正在看電影。
    B. while引導(dǎo)
    a. 表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候” 與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作期間，即在一個(gè)過(guò)程中插入某動(dòng)作。
    While I was in my postgraduate study, I enjoyed reading in the library.
    在我研究生學(xué)習(xí)階段，我特別喜歡去圖書(shū)館看書(shū)。
    b. 表示“然而”，做并列連詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。
    While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
    當(dāng)妻子正在看報(bào)紙的時(shí)候，我正在看電視。
    C. as引導(dǎo)
    a. 表示“一邊……一邊……”
    The students danced as they sang.
    學(xué)生們一邊唱歌一邊跳舞。
    b. 表示“隨著”
    As the time goes on, her sorrow gradually fades.
    隨著時(shí)間的流逝，她的悲傷漸漸消散。