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        2020專升本英語閱讀理解答題技巧

        字號:

        都說專升本得英語者得天下,英語基本上是各省份專升本的必考科目,也是拉分科目。 現(xiàn)在開始學英語,短時間怎么把分數(shù)提上去?今天給考生整理了專升本英語閱讀理解答題技巧,請考生認真查看。
            
            主旨大意題
            這類題在設題時常會用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等詞。
            1.歸納標題特點:短小精悍,一般多為一個短語;涵蓋性強,一般能覆蓋全文意思;精確性強,表達范圍要恰當,不能隨意改變語意程度或色彩。常見命題形式有:What’s the best title for the text?The best title for this passage is ___.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
            2. 概括大意題包括尋找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea),常見命題形式有:What is the general/main idea of the passage?Which of the following expresses the main idea?What is the subject discussed in the text?The writer of the story wants to tell us that_____.The passage/ text is mainly about_____.What’s the article mainly about ?
            3. 解題技巧閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文,這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)可歸納為:提出問題——論述問題——得出結(jié)論或者闡明觀點。對于這類文章,抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾。主題句具有簡潔性、概括性的特點。
            細節(jié)理解題
            考查內(nèi)容主要涉及時間、地點、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、數(shù)字等議論文中例證細節(jié)和定義類細節(jié)。這類題目的共同特點是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。
            1.事實細節(jié)題→尋讀法
            分為直接理解題和間接理解題,前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提問,或判斷正誤;后者需與原文信息轉(zhuǎn)換,表達上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有:
            What can we learn from the passage?
            All the following are mentioned except?
            Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?
            Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?
            2. 排列順序題→首尾定位法(找出第一個事件和最后一個事件,用排除法縮小范圍)
            常出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說明文中,一般按事件發(fā)生的順序。常見命題形式有:
            Which of the following is the correct order of…?
            Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
            3. 圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索
            設題形式:給出圖表,根據(jù)圖表提問問題。
            4. 數(shù)字計算題→(方法:審題→帶著問題找細節(jié)→對比、分析、計算)
            可直接找到相關(guān)細節(jié),但需經(jīng)過計算方可找到答案。
            推理判斷題
            主要考查學生對文章中隱含或深層的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容做出合乎邏輯的推斷,包括考生對作者觀點的理解,態(tài)度的判斷,對修辭、語氣、隱含意思等的理解。題干關(guān)鍵詞:infer(推斷),indicate(象征,暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出結(jié)論), assume(假定,設想)。
            1.細節(jié)推理判斷題一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息或借助生活常識進行推理判斷,常見命題形式有:It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.The author implies/ suggests that_____.We may infer that _________.Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?
            2.預測推理判斷題根據(jù)語篇對文章接下來的內(nèi)容或可能的結(jié)局進行猜測,常見命題形式有:What do you think will happen if/when…?At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____
            3.推測文章來源或讀者對象常見命題形式有:The passage is probably take out of_____The passage would most likely be found in_____Where does this text probably come from?
            4.寫作意圖、目的、態(tài)度推斷題詢問寫作目的的題,選項里常出現(xiàn)的詞是:explain(解釋), prove (證明), persuade(勸說), advise(勸告), comment(評論), praise(贊揚), criticize(批評), entertain(娛樂), demonstrate(舉例說明), argue(辯論), tell(講述), analyze(分析)等。
            詢問語氣態(tài)度的題,選項里常出現(xiàn)的詞是:neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(滿意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(熱情的), subjective(主觀的), objective(客觀的), matter-of-fact(實事求是的), pessimistic(悲觀的), optimistic(樂觀的), critical(批評的), doubtful(懷疑的), hostile(敵對的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。
            常見命題形式有:The purpose of the text is_____What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____What is the author’s attitude towards…?What is the author’s opinion on…?The author’s tone in this passage is _____.
            解答技巧推斷題是考查學生透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實為依據(jù),切莫主觀臆斷。
            ①那些文章中直接陳述的內(nèi)容不能選,要選擇根據(jù)文章推理出來的選項。②推理不是憑空猜測,而是立足已知推斷未知;作出正確答案時一定要在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。③要忠實于原文,以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù)。不能以自己的觀點代替作者的想法;不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。
            詞義猜測題
            考點:①猜測某個詞、詞組、句子的意義②對文中的多義詞或詞組進行定義③判斷某個代詞的指代的對象。常見命題形式有:The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.The word “…”(Line 6. para.2)probably means ______.The word “…”(Line 6. para.2)could best be replaced by which of the following?Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…”?
            解答技巧1.通過因果關(guān)系猜詞首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系,然后才能猜詞。有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course等等)表示前因后果。
            例如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯),可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。
            2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happy and gay,即使我們不認識gay這個詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;
            二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于"行星"這一義域。
            通過反義詞猜詞,一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;
            二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
            3.通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識判斷生詞詞義。如:She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意義,故為“不太可能”之意。)
            4.通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的時期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。
            這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號等來表示。
            5.通過句法功能來推測詞義例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。
            從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關(guān)系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,準確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。