是金子總會發(fā)光，前提是讓自己置身于陽光。所以努力很重要，不要因為一時的失意，放棄未來的光明。提升學(xué)歷就是提升未來發(fā)展空間的方法之一，今天為您帶來2018年成人學(xué)位英語考試英漢互譯練習(xí)題（二）。
前幾天，窗外一陣陣的喧嘩笑聲，驚動了我。往外看時，原來是好幾十個男女同學(xué)，正在整理這片空地呢!女學(xué)生穿的羽絨衣，毛衣，紅紅綠綠的;男學(xué)生有的穿綠軍裝，有的穿深色的衣服。他們拿著種種工具，鋤土的鋤土，鏟土的鏟土，安放矮欄的就在場地邊上安插下小鐵欄桿?？磥砦覀儤乔斑@一大片土地，將會被這群青年人整治成一座綠草成茵、繁花似錦的公園。
答案：Several days ago, I was suddenly disturbed by a joyous din from outside the window. Looking out of it, I saw scores of boy and girl students in the middle of tidying up the open ground. The girls were in colourful down jackets or woolen sweaters, and the boys were in green army uniforms or dark-coloured jackets. They worked with hoes or shovels. Some were busy fencing off the land with iron-bar railings. Evidently, they were trying to turn the wide open ground in front of our building into a garden bright with lush green grass and blooming flowers.
歷史學(xué)家Frederick J Tuner在19世紀(jì)90年代寫道：自1870年以來美國農(nóng)民的不滿一直在緩慢增長，直到1870年關(guān)閉了內(nèi)部前沿以后就被加速了——就是說，用于擴(kuò)張農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的新土地資源已經(jīng)枯竭了。
答案：The historian Frederick J. Tuner wrote in the 1890's that the agrarian(農(nóng)民)discontent(不滿)that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated(加速)by the closing of the internal frontier-that is, the depletion(枯竭)of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system.
原文：
中國父母往往過于關(guān)注孩子的學(xué)習(xí)，以至于不要他們幫忙做家務(wù)。他們對孩子的要求就是努力學(xué)習(xí)，考得好，能上大學(xué)。他們相信這是為孩子好，因為在中國這樣競爭激烈的社會里，只有成績好才能保證前途光明。中國父母還認(rèn)為，如果孩子能在社會上取得大的成就，父母就會受到尊敬。因此，他們愿意犧牲自己的時間、愛好和興趣，為孩子創(chuàng)造更好的條件。
參考譯文：
Chinese parents tend to pay so much attention to their children's academic performance that they even don't involve their children in the housework. Their only requirement of their kids is to study hard, perform well in exams so that their kids can be admitted to prestigious universities. They are convinced that this is to the benefit of their children, because only good academic performance can guarantee a promising future for their kids in the intense competition typical of China. They also believe that they will be respected if their children make great achievements in society. Therefore, they are willing to provide their children with a better condition at the expense of their time, hobbies and interests.
The Olympic Games are the greatest festival of sports in the world. 1) Every four years, a hundred or more countries send their best sportsmen to compete for the highest honors in sport. As many as 6,000 people take part in over 20 sports. For the winners, there are gold medals and glory. But there is honor, too, for all who compete, win or lose. That is in spirit of the Olympics--- to take part is what matters.
The Olympic Games always start in a bright color and action. The teams of all the nations parade in the opening ceremony and march round the track. The custom is for the Greek team to march in first . For it was in Greece that the Olympics began. 2) The team of the country where the Games are being held---the host country ----marches in last. The runner with the Olympic torch then enters the stadium and lights the flame.3) A sportsman from the host country takes the Olympic oath on behalf of all the competitors. The judges and officials also take an oath. After the sportsmen march out of the stadium, the host country puts on a wonderful display.
The competitors begin the next day. There are usually more than twenty sports in the Games. The rule is that there must be at least fifteen. The main events are in track and field , but it is a few days before these sports start. Each day the competitors take part in a different sport ---riding, shooting, swimming, and cross-country running. Points are gained for each event. 4) Medals are awarded for the individual winners and for national teams. 5) More and more women are taking part in the games. They first competed in 1900, in tennis and golf, which are no longer held in the Olympics. Women’s swimming events were introduced in 1912. But it was not until 1928 that there were any track and field events for women. Now they compete in all but half a dozen of the sports. In horse riding, shooting, and boat racing, they may compete in the same events as the men.
參考答案：
1)每隔四年，100多個國家選送他們秀的運(yùn)動員云集于此，爭奪世界體育比賽中的榮譽(yù)。(翻譯的時候可以增加詞匯，可以分成兩部分進(jìn)行表述。)
2)奧運(yùn)會的承辦國----東道國隊的代表最后入場。(注意定語從句的翻譯)
3)東道國的一名運(yùn)動員代表全體參賽隊員宣誓。(省譯法，介詞from省略。)
4)獎牌頒發(fā)給獲勝的運(yùn)動員和國家隊。(注意語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換)
5)越來越多的女性正參加到奧運(yùn)會的競賽中來。(注意此句的進(jìn)行時態(tài))
6) Every land has its own dining custom, and the United States is no exception. Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at 6;30,the hostess expects him to be there at 6:30 or not more than a few minutes after. Because she usually does her own cooking , she times the meal so that the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time she asks the guest to come.
7) If he is late, the food will not be so good, and the hostess will be disappointed. When the guest cannot come on time, he calls his host or hostess on the telephone, gives the reason, and tells at what time he thinks he can come.
As guests continue to arrive, the men in the group stand when a woman enters and remain standing until she has found a chair. A man always rises when he is being introduced to a woman.
8) A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman unless the woman is much older.
9) When the guests sit down at a dinner table, it is customary for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them. Even an American may be confused by the number of knives, forks, and spoons beside his plate when he sits down to a formal dinner. The rule is simple, however: use them in the order in which they lie, beginning from the outside. Or watch the hostess and do what she does.
10)The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad, which is often served with the soup. The spoon on the outside at the right is for soup, and so on. Sometimes there is a separate little knife, called a butter spreader, on a small bread-and –butter plate at the left. As the bread is passed , each guest puts his piece on the bread-and butter plate.
6)每個國家都有自己的餐飲習(xí)俗，美國也不另外。(直譯法)
7)如果你遲到了，食物就不會那么新鮮，女主人也會為此而感到失望。
(增譯法：增加詞匯是在譯文中增加一些原文中無其形而有其義的詞，其目的是為了使譯文的意義完整而明確，更符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。本句增加了“為此”，使句子的意思更完整。)
8)而當(dāng)一位女士被介紹給男士或女士時，她無需起立，除非那是一位比她年長的婦人。
(英語狀語從句用在主句后面的較多,而漢語的狀語從句用在主句前的較多,因此,在許多情況下,應(yīng)將狀語從句放在主句前面;而且長句一般用分譯法。)
9)當(dāng)客人到餐桌旁準(zhǔn)備就餐時，通常男士應(yīng)幫助女士拉開椅子讓她們坐下。(省譯法：by沒有譯出。)
10)靠左邊最外面的小叉是用來吃色拉的，色拉經(jīng)常和湯一起上。
(增譯法，增加了“吃”，而且定語從句中被動語態(tài)翻譯為主動語態(tài)。)
前幾天，窗外一陣陣的喧嘩笑聲，驚動了我。往外看時，原來是好幾十個男女同學(xué)，正在整理這片空地呢!女學(xué)生穿的羽絨衣，毛衣，紅紅綠綠的;男學(xué)生有的穿綠軍裝，有的穿深色的衣服。他們拿著種種工具，鋤土的鋤土，鏟土的鏟土，安放矮欄的就在場地邊上安插下小鐵欄桿?？磥砦覀儤乔斑@一大片土地，將會被這群青年人整治成一座綠草成茵、繁花似錦的公園。
答案：Several days ago, I was suddenly disturbed by a joyous din from outside the window. Looking out of it, I saw scores of boy and girl students in the middle of tidying up the open ground. The girls were in colourful down jackets or woolen sweaters, and the boys were in green army uniforms or dark-coloured jackets. They worked with hoes or shovels. Some were busy fencing off the land with iron-bar railings. Evidently, they were trying to turn the wide open ground in front of our building into a garden bright with lush green grass and blooming flowers.
歷史學(xué)家Frederick J Tuner在19世紀(jì)90年代寫道：自1870年以來美國農(nóng)民的不滿一直在緩慢增長，直到1870年關(guān)閉了內(nèi)部前沿以后就被加速了——就是說，用于擴(kuò)張農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的新土地資源已經(jīng)枯竭了。
答案：The historian Frederick J. Tuner wrote in the 1890's that the agrarian(農(nóng)民)discontent(不滿)that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated(加速)by the closing of the internal frontier-that is, the depletion(枯竭)of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system.
原文：
中國父母往往過于關(guān)注孩子的學(xué)習(xí)，以至于不要他們幫忙做家務(wù)。他們對孩子的要求就是努力學(xué)習(xí)，考得好，能上大學(xué)。他們相信這是為孩子好，因為在中國這樣競爭激烈的社會里，只有成績好才能保證前途光明。中國父母還認(rèn)為，如果孩子能在社會上取得大的成就，父母就會受到尊敬。因此，他們愿意犧牲自己的時間、愛好和興趣，為孩子創(chuàng)造更好的條件。
參考譯文：
Chinese parents tend to pay so much attention to their children's academic performance that they even don't involve their children in the housework. Their only requirement of their kids is to study hard, perform well in exams so that their kids can be admitted to prestigious universities. They are convinced that this is to the benefit of their children, because only good academic performance can guarantee a promising future for their kids in the intense competition typical of China. They also believe that they will be respected if their children make great achievements in society. Therefore, they are willing to provide their children with a better condition at the expense of their time, hobbies and interests.
The Olympic Games are the greatest festival of sports in the world. 1) Every four years, a hundred or more countries send their best sportsmen to compete for the highest honors in sport. As many as 6,000 people take part in over 20 sports. For the winners, there are gold medals and glory. But there is honor, too, for all who compete, win or lose. That is in spirit of the Olympics--- to take part is what matters.
The Olympic Games always start in a bright color and action. The teams of all the nations parade in the opening ceremony and march round the track. The custom is for the Greek team to march in first . For it was in Greece that the Olympics began. 2) The team of the country where the Games are being held---the host country ----marches in last. The runner with the Olympic torch then enters the stadium and lights the flame.3) A sportsman from the host country takes the Olympic oath on behalf of all the competitors. The judges and officials also take an oath. After the sportsmen march out of the stadium, the host country puts on a wonderful display.
The competitors begin the next day. There are usually more than twenty sports in the Games. The rule is that there must be at least fifteen. The main events are in track and field , but it is a few days before these sports start. Each day the competitors take part in a different sport ---riding, shooting, swimming, and cross-country running. Points are gained for each event. 4) Medals are awarded for the individual winners and for national teams. 5) More and more women are taking part in the games. They first competed in 1900, in tennis and golf, which are no longer held in the Olympics. Women’s swimming events were introduced in 1912. But it was not until 1928 that there were any track and field events for women. Now they compete in all but half a dozen of the sports. In horse riding, shooting, and boat racing, they may compete in the same events as the men.
參考答案：
1)每隔四年，100多個國家選送他們秀的運(yùn)動員云集于此，爭奪世界體育比賽中的榮譽(yù)。(翻譯的時候可以增加詞匯，可以分成兩部分進(jìn)行表述。)
2)奧運(yùn)會的承辦國----東道國隊的代表最后入場。(注意定語從句的翻譯)
3)東道國的一名運(yùn)動員代表全體參賽隊員宣誓。(省譯法，介詞from省略。)
4)獎牌頒發(fā)給獲勝的運(yùn)動員和國家隊。(注意語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換)
5)越來越多的女性正參加到奧運(yùn)會的競賽中來。(注意此句的進(jìn)行時態(tài))
6) Every land has its own dining custom, and the United States is no exception. Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at 6;30,the hostess expects him to be there at 6:30 or not more than a few minutes after. Because she usually does her own cooking , she times the meal so that the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time she asks the guest to come.
7) If he is late, the food will not be so good, and the hostess will be disappointed. When the guest cannot come on time, he calls his host or hostess on the telephone, gives the reason, and tells at what time he thinks he can come.
As guests continue to arrive, the men in the group stand when a woman enters and remain standing until she has found a chair. A man always rises when he is being introduced to a woman.
8) A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman unless the woman is much older.
9) When the guests sit down at a dinner table, it is customary for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them. Even an American may be confused by the number of knives, forks, and spoons beside his plate when he sits down to a formal dinner. The rule is simple, however: use them in the order in which they lie, beginning from the outside. Or watch the hostess and do what she does.
10)The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad, which is often served with the soup. The spoon on the outside at the right is for soup, and so on. Sometimes there is a separate little knife, called a butter spreader, on a small bread-and –butter plate at the left. As the bread is passed , each guest puts his piece on the bread-and butter plate.
6)每個國家都有自己的餐飲習(xí)俗，美國也不另外。(直譯法)
7)如果你遲到了，食物就不會那么新鮮，女主人也會為此而感到失望。
(增譯法：增加詞匯是在譯文中增加一些原文中無其形而有其義的詞，其目的是為了使譯文的意義完整而明確，更符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。本句增加了“為此”，使句子的意思更完整。)
8)而當(dāng)一位女士被介紹給男士或女士時，她無需起立，除非那是一位比她年長的婦人。
(英語狀語從句用在主句后面的較多,而漢語的狀語從句用在主句前的較多,因此,在許多情況下,應(yīng)將狀語從句放在主句前面;而且長句一般用分譯法。)
9)當(dāng)客人到餐桌旁準(zhǔn)備就餐時，通常男士應(yīng)幫助女士拉開椅子讓她們坐下。(省譯法：by沒有譯出。)
10)靠左邊最外面的小叉是用來吃色拉的，色拉經(jīng)常和湯一起上。
(增譯法，增加了“吃”，而且定語從句中被動語態(tài)翻譯為主動語態(tài)。)