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    France’s identity politics: Ill-suited法國(guó)的身份認(rèn)證政策：不合適As its presidential race kicks off, France argues over burkinis就在法國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，他們又開(kāi)始討論布基尼。
    Presidential race：n.總統(tǒng)大選
    THIS week France came back from the beach for la rentrée, the return to school and work after the August holiday. The summer had been far from restful. It began with two terrorist attacks in Nice and Normandy, followed by a weeks-long political fixation with the “burkini”, a cross between a burqa and a swimsuit, which dozens of mayors of seaside resorts tried to ban from their beaches. The resurgence of identity politics in France, at a time of heightened tension over Islam and security, now looks likely to frame next year’s presidential election.本周，法國(guó)人從海灘度假中回到各自的學(xué)習(xí)和工作中。今年的夏天一點(diǎn)也不令人感到愜意。首先是在尼斯和諾曼底發(fā)生的兩次恐怖襲擊，然后又是持續(xù)一周的確立一項(xiàng)關(guān)于布基尼(介于布卡和泳衣之間的一種衣服，很多海濱主管一直試圖禁止它出現(xiàn)在度假海灘上)的政治條例。曾經(jīng)一度加劇了伊斯蘭教和國(guó)家安全間緊張局勢(shì)的法國(guó)身份認(rèn)證政策的重啟，現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)似乎會(huì)影響來(lái)年總統(tǒng)大選。
    The row over the burkini will probably abate as the beaches empty. On August 26th France’s highest administrative court suspended a ban imposed in the Mediterranean resort of Villeneuve-Loubet after it was challenged by human-rights groups. The court ruled that the mayor had not proved any risk to public order, and that the ban constituted a “manifestly illegal” infringement of “fundamental liberties”.關(guān)于布基尼的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)可能會(huì)隨著假期的結(jié)束有所減少。8月26日，法國(guó)行政法院在被人權(quán)組織*之后中止了一項(xiàng)在地中海度假城盧貝新城實(shí)施的禁令。法院判定，海濱主管并沒(méi)有證明布基尼破壞了公共秩序，而且禁令“明顯地不合法”，侵犯了“基本的自由”。
    Abate: n.減少，減弱Manifestly：adj.明顯地Infringement：n.違反，侵犯
    Had France not been under a state of emergency, the matter might not have flared up as it did. But the French are hyper-sensitive to signs of overt Muslim religiosity. Politicians, roused from their holiday hide-outs, seized on the burkini row—and not just on the right. Manuel Valls, the Socialist prime minister, called the burkini an “enslavement” of women, and claimed it was part of a political project to impose Islamist rules on France. He noted that Marianne, a female figure symbolising the French nation, is classically depicted bare-breasted. The implication seemed to be that women in burkinis are un-French, while true French women go topless.如果法國(guó)不是處于緊急狀態(tài)，也許這件事就不會(huì)像現(xiàn)在這樣突然引起了大家的注意。但是法國(guó)人的確對(duì)穆斯林的宗教狂熱現(xiàn)象極度緊張。還在度假的政治家們被迫加入了關(guān)于布基尼不僅僅局限于權(quán)利的爭(zhēng)論中。內(nèi)政部長(zhǎng)馬尼埃爾•瓦爾斯稱布基尼是對(duì)女性的束縛，也是要在法國(guó)實(shí)施伊斯蘭教規(guī)定的政治計(jì)劃的一部分。他說(shuō)象征法國(guó)形象的女性角色瑪麗安一直都是*胸的形象，這句話似乎是在暗示穿布基尼的都不是法國(guó)女人，因?yàn)檎嬲姆▏?guó)女人都是*胸的。 hide-outs ：n. 躲藏處;隱蔽處 France has a long history of trying to keep religion out of public life. A law of 1905 entrenched the principle of laïcité, or strict secularism, after a struggle against authoritarian Catholicism. The country banned the headscarf and other “conspicuous” religious symbols from state schools in 2004, and the face-covering burqa from public places in 2010. Indeed, such laws enjoy broad cross-party support. Yet secular zeal at times overrides common sense, or sensitivity to France’s Muslim minority, estimated to form about 10% of the population. Unlike the burqa, which is banned from the beach, the burkini does not even cover the face. As Olivier Roy, a French scholar of Islam, points out, it also offers a certain modern liberty to Muslim women who otherwise might not swim. Hardline Islamists, he says, would not allow women to bathe in the first place. 法國(guó)一直都有政教分離的歷史。在與*的天主教進(jìn)行對(duì)抗之后，1905年頒布法律確立政教分離原則，或者說(shuō)嚴(yán)格了世俗主義范疇。2004年，法國(guó)禁止在公立學(xué)校戴頭巾或穿戴其他“顯著”宗教標(biāo)志的物品;2010年起，禁止在公共場(chǎng)合穿著遮面長(zhǎng)袍。確實(shí)，此類(lèi)法律享有跨越黨派的廣泛支持。但是，人們因世俗的熱情有時(shí)會(huì)忽略對(duì)法國(guó)穆斯林少數(shù)民族的敏感性的常識(shí)?；蛞鸱▏?guó)大概10%的少數(shù)穆斯林群體的不滿。不像被明令禁止的長(zhǎng)袍，布基尼甚至沒(méi)有遮住女人的面容。就像伊斯蘭教學(xué)者奧利弗•羅伊指出的那樣，對(duì)于那些不游泳的穆斯林婦女來(lái)說(shuō)，也給了她們一定的現(xiàn)代自由權(quán)。他說(shuō)，強(qiáng)硬的伊斯蘭教主義者起初是禁止婦女沐浴的。
    Entrench: 確立;是處于牢固地位 使(軍隊(duì))進(jìn)入固防陣地 Laïcité：n.世俗主義，政教分離Secularism：n.現(xiàn)世主義，政教分離Secular: adj.現(xiàn)實(shí)的，世俗的zeal：(對(duì)事業(yè)或目標(biāo)的)熱忱;熱情Override：v.凌駕，比···重要the principle of laïcité：政教分離原則
    Burkini: 布基尼或泳裝布基尼，穆斯林的教規(guī)教導(dǎo)穆斯林美女不可在除了丈夫、父親以外的異性面前*露除面部、手腳以外的其他身體。那么，她們的泳裝該如何設(shè)計(jì)呢?于是，商人們就專(zhuān)門(mén)為穆斯林的美女制造了這種獨(dú)特的泳衣，并將此命名為“burkini”有時(shí)也會(huì)加入鮮艷的色彩來(lái)滿足女性們愛(ài)美的需求。這種泳衣有時(shí)也被設(shè)計(jì)成多種色彩多種樣式，滿足了穆斯林美女對(duì)時(shí)尚的追求。