1.作定語。作定語的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前。如果被修飾的詞是something，anything，everything，nothing等，則分詞放在這些詞之后。分詞短語通常放在被修飾的名詞之后。
    例如：
    This is an interesting book。(=This is a book。It is interesting。)這是一本有趣的書。
    There is something interesting in the news。(=There is something in the news。 It is interesting。)消息中有些有趣的事。
    The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。(=The man who is sitting by the window is our math teacher。)靠窗戶坐著的那個人是我們的數學老師
    The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。(=The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。)那位老工人開的機器是上海造的。
    Most of students singing were girls。(=Most of the students who were singing…)唱歌的學生多數是女生。
    Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer。(=Many of the villagers who were questioned…)被問的許多村里人都拒絕。
    注意：(1)分詞作定語與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別：
    分詞和它所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主、謂關系。動名詞則沒有這種關系，而表示它所修飾的詞的用途或有關動作。
    

現(xiàn)在分詞		動名詞
A sleeping child(a child who is sleeping)正在睡覺的孩子	A sleeping car(a car for sleeping)臥車
A flying bird(a bird that is flying)飛鳥	A flying course(a course for flying)飛行課程
A swimming girl(a girl who is swimming)游泳的女孩	A swimming pool(a pool for swimming)游泳池
The running water(the water that is running)流水	The running track(the track for running)跑道

    現(xiàn)在分詞和它所修飾的名詞都要重讀，動名詞所修飾的名詞則不必重讀。
    (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，它表示動作正在進行或與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生(或差不多同時發(fā)生)。
    例如：
    Who is the boy dancing over there?在那兒跳舞的少年是誰呀?
    The girls swimming in the sea were in danger。 在海里游泳的姑娘們有危險。
    如果兩個動作在時間上有先后，一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，而往往用主從復合句結構。
    例如：
    The man who has gone to Shanghai will be back again。到上海去的那個人會回來的。
    The teacher wants to talk to the students who smashed the windows。老師要找打破了窗子的那個學生談話。
    (3)be的現(xiàn)在分詞being不能用作定語(可用作狀語或被動語態(tài)中的助動詞)。表示這種概念時，也用主從復合句結構。
    例如：
    He has a brother who is a worker。他有一個當工人的兄弟。
    2、作狀語。分詞和分詞短語作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、行為方式等意義。表示時間和原因的分詞短語相當于對應的狀語從句。
    例如：
    Seeing the teacher entering the room，the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。)學生們看見老師走進房間，都站了起來。 (時間)
    Heated，the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。)金屬受熱而膨脹。(條件、時間)
    Being excited，I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ，I couldn’t go to sleep。)我興奮得睡不著覺。(原因)
    Being a student，he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student，he was interested in sports。)
    他是個學生，所以對體育運動感興趣。(原因)
    Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。)李華和他的同學們受到楊博士講話的鼓舞，決定更加努力學習物理。 (原因)
    The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子們笑著走開了。(行為方式)
    The professor stood there，surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。)教授站在那里，許多學生圍著他。(行為方式)
    While reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。)看報時，父親不時地點頭。(時間)(分詞前，可加表示時間的連詞while或when。)