The importance of olfactory communication (using odors to communicate) in the way of life of deer was documented by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago, which noted that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs, especially as autumn approached. (TPO28, 45)
    olfactory /ɒl'fækt(ə)rɪ/ adj. 嗅覺的
    document /'dɒkjʊm(ə)nt/ vt. 用文件證實(shí)或證明(某事)
    captive /'kæptɪv/ adj. 被捕獲的，被俘虜?shù)?BR>    twig /twɪg/ n. 嫩枝
    approach /ə'prəʊtʃ/ vt. 接近, 靠近
    大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解
    The importance (of olfactory communication) (using odors to communicate) (in the way of life of deer) was documented (by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago), (which noted)(that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs), (especially as autumn approached). (TPO28, 45)
    托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析：
    這個(gè)句子的主干就是：
    The importance was documented
    修飾一：(of olfactory communication)，介詞短語(yǔ)
    中文：嗅覺交流
    修飾二：(using odors to communicate)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
    中文：使用氣味去交流
    修飾三：(in the way of life of deer)，介詞短語(yǔ)
    中文：在鹿群生活方式中
    修飾四：(by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago)，介詞短語(yǔ)
    中文：一個(gè)關(guān)于被捕獲的成年雄鹿的研究
    修飾五：(which noted)，從句
    中文：研究提到
    修飾六：(that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs)，從句
    中文：雄鹿會(huì)在樹枝和嫩枝上摩擦前額
    修飾七：(especially as autumn approached)，從句
    中文：尤其當(dāng)秋天臨近時(shí)
    托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句參考翻譯：
    嗅覺交流(使用氣味去交流)在鹿群生活方式中的重要性，被幾十年前一個(gè)關(guān)于被捕獲的成年雄鹿的研究證實(shí)，這個(gè)研究提到：尤其當(dāng)秋天臨近時(shí)，雄鹿會(huì)在樹枝和嫩枝上摩擦前額。
    這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是介詞短語(yǔ)、從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。