① a. He said, "I am working now."
b. He said that he was working then.
② a. She asked me, "Do you like to sing?"
b. She asked me if I liked to sing.
③ a. "Go out!" the man said to the boy.
b. The man ordered the boy to go out.
①b, ②b, ③b是間接引語(yǔ)，其形式和①a, ②a, ③a不同。
間接引語(yǔ)是種常見(jiàn)的句法，用得很多。正因?yàn)橛玫枚?，出錯(cuò)的機(jī)會(huì)也多。下面便是些例子：
④ He said that he would come tomorrow.
這里的副詞“tomorrow”要變成“the next day”。理由是：間接引語(yǔ)里的時(shí)間副詞或短語(yǔ)， 一般上要把其中的時(shí)間向前推，如： tomorrow: the next day; today: that day; last night: the night before; now: then; ago: before that time 等。
⑤ I asked what is wrong with him.
這里的“is”要變成“was”。須知：主句“I asked”和分句 “what is wrong with him”的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)必須配合。既然主句的動(dòng)詞 “asked”是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，分句的動(dòng)詞也要過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)“was”。此外，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般上也要推前，因此簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(Simple Past Tense)要變成過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)(Past Perfect Tense)，如：went : had gone; left : had left.
⑥ John told her don't do that again.
這里的“don't do”要變成“not to do”才對(duì)。理由是：祈使句變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)的形式是不定式動(dòng)詞：“to + verb / not to + verb”，如：to come / not to come; to do / not to do.
⑦ She asked me where was I going.
這里的“was I”詞序不對(duì)， 要變成“I was”才是，因?yàn)殚g接疑問(wèn)句(indirect question)里的詞序和敘述句一樣，是正常詞序，不是倒裝法，如：
⑧ He wanted to know who that girl was.
⑨ John asked Helen if she was free.
⑩ She asked me whether I could help her.
如果詞序是倒裝形式，就錯(cuò)了：
*……who was that girl.
*……if was she free.
*……whether could I help her.
關(guān)于間接疑問(wèn)句，還有一點(diǎn)必須注意的是，直接疑問(wèn)句里的疑問(wèn)詞要照用， 如例⑧的“who”。如果沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)詞，就要借重連接詞“ if”或“ whether”之助，如例⑨和⑩便是。
在結(jié)束本文之前，順便提一提怎樣把表示驚嘆或愿望的直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)成間接引語(yǔ)。
11. He said, "Alas! I am undone."
12. "Bravo! You have done a good job, Mary," said the teacher.
13. "Good Heaven!' Tom cried, "I'll never lie again."
把11-13，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?4-16時(shí)， 可以用恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞把深層的意思反映出來(lái)，甚至加些原文沒(méi)有的字眼，也無(wú)所謂：
14. He exclaimed that he was undone.
15. The teacher praised Mary, saying that she had done a good job.
16. Tom called upon Heaven to witness his determination not to lie again.
b. He said that he was working then.
② a. She asked me, "Do you like to sing?"
b. She asked me if I liked to sing.
③ a. "Go out!" the man said to the boy.
b. The man ordered the boy to go out.
①b, ②b, ③b是間接引語(yǔ)，其形式和①a, ②a, ③a不同。
間接引語(yǔ)是種常見(jiàn)的句法，用得很多。正因?yàn)橛玫枚?，出錯(cuò)的機(jī)會(huì)也多。下面便是些例子：
④ He said that he would come tomorrow.
這里的副詞“tomorrow”要變成“the next day”。理由是：間接引語(yǔ)里的時(shí)間副詞或短語(yǔ)， 一般上要把其中的時(shí)間向前推，如： tomorrow: the next day; today: that day; last night: the night before; now: then; ago: before that time 等。
⑤ I asked what is wrong with him.
這里的“is”要變成“was”。須知：主句“I asked”和分句 “what is wrong with him”的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)必須配合。既然主句的動(dòng)詞 “asked”是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，分句的動(dòng)詞也要過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)“was”。此外，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般上也要推前，因此簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(Simple Past Tense)要變成過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)(Past Perfect Tense)，如：went : had gone; left : had left.
⑥ John told her don't do that again.
這里的“don't do”要變成“not to do”才對(duì)。理由是：祈使句變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)的形式是不定式動(dòng)詞：“to + verb / not to + verb”，如：to come / not to come; to do / not to do.
⑦ She asked me where was I going.
這里的“was I”詞序不對(duì)， 要變成“I was”才是，因?yàn)殚g接疑問(wèn)句(indirect question)里的詞序和敘述句一樣，是正常詞序，不是倒裝法，如：
⑧ He wanted to know who that girl was.
⑨ John asked Helen if she was free.
⑩ She asked me whether I could help her.
如果詞序是倒裝形式，就錯(cuò)了：
*……who was that girl.
*……if was she free.
*……whether could I help her.
關(guān)于間接疑問(wèn)句，還有一點(diǎn)必須注意的是，直接疑問(wèn)句里的疑問(wèn)詞要照用， 如例⑧的“who”。如果沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)詞，就要借重連接詞“ if”或“ whether”之助，如例⑨和⑩便是。
在結(jié)束本文之前，順便提一提怎樣把表示驚嘆或愿望的直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)成間接引語(yǔ)。
11. He said, "Alas! I am undone."
12. "Bravo! You have done a good job, Mary," said the teacher.
13. "Good Heaven!' Tom cried, "I'll never lie again."
把11-13，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?4-16時(shí)， 可以用恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞把深層的意思反映出來(lái)，甚至加些原文沒(méi)有的字眼，也無(wú)所謂：
14. He exclaimed that he was undone.
15. The teacher praised Mary, saying that she had done a good job.
16. Tom called upon Heaven to witness his determination not to lie again.