The Internet--and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it--is making access to scientific results a reality. (2008-Text2)
    關(guān)于長(zhǎng)難句的分析，首先應(yīng)該找到主干。我們看一下，這個(gè)句子中兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容充當(dāng)插入語(yǔ)，閱讀的時(shí)候可以直接略過(guò)。當(dāng)然，如果題干涉及，另當(dāng)別論。這個(gè)句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是The Internet is making access (to scientific results) a reality. “網(wǎng)絡(luò)使得科研成果的獲取變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)”就是這個(gè)句子的主要內(nèi)容，也是各位同學(xué)閱讀過(guò)程中需要把握的。考慮到部分同學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)可能不夠扎實(shí)，我們?cè)敿?xì)分析一下這個(gè)句子。看一下兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間，and連接兩個(gè)并列成分，即pressure和the Internet并列，from funding agencies介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)，修飾限定pressure，即“來(lái)自基金會(huì)的壓力”。接下來(lái)，who引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明funding agencies。在這個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。整個(gè)插入語(yǔ)部分表達(dá)的是“這些基金會(huì)質(zhì)疑為什么商業(yè)出版商通過(guò)限制研究成果的獲取而從政府資助的研究項(xiàng)目中獲利”。
    Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. (2008-Text4)
    這個(gè)句子中兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容也是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明成分。整個(gè)句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Washington overcame the strong opposition (of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will).“華盛頓克服了來(lái)自親戚的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，在遺囑中給了他的奴隸以自由?！眱蓚€(gè)逗號(hào)之間who引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)Washington。在這里，題干涉及到了兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容。
    40. Washington's decision to free slaves originated from his__________.
    [A] moral considerations. [B] military experience. [C] financial conditions. [D] political stand.
    我們看一下這個(gè)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明成分，“在獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中目睹了黑人士兵的英勇之后，華盛頓開始相信人人生而平等”。于是，給了奴隸以自由。因此本題選擇B“軍事經(jīng)歷”。