The damage that trucks do to highwaysescalates dramatically with the weight borne per axle. New regulations increasethe maximum permitted vehicle weight; these regulations will therefore allowonto the highway trucks capable of doing even more damage than those currentlypermitted.
1. The argument is open up to criticismon the grounds that it
A. fails to establish that the level ofdamage done by trucks is a serious problem
B. omits evidence about one of the tworelevant factors
C. ignores the possibility that carefuldriving can lessen damage to highways
D. presumes that trucks are the onlyvehicles capable of causing substantial damage to highways
E. presumes that something is bound tohappen just because it is allowed to happen
大家注意：該題讓找文章推理關(guān)鍵的漏洞。
文章結(jié)構(gòu)很簡(jiǎn)單，說，貨車對(duì)高速公路的破壞隨軸(axle)載重量的增加而增加。
新規(guī)則提高了允許的貨車大載重量，所以新規(guī)則將允許能對(duì)高速公路造成更大傷害的貨車上路。
選哪個(gè)呢?
解析
答案：
B
解析：
相信很多同學(xué)選的是E選項(xiàng)。很遺憾，選錯(cuò)啦!為什么E選項(xiàng)不對(duì)，B選項(xiàng)是正確答案呢?
注意，E選項(xiàng)說，因?yàn)槟呈略试S(allow)發(fā)生所以注定(bound to)發(fā)生，而文章結(jié)論就到允許(allow)發(fā)生的層面，根本沒有對(duì)于是否“注定(bound to)發(fā)生”的判斷。千萬注意，“貨車一定會(huì)對(duì)高速公路造成更大破壞”只是我們的臆想，不是文章的結(jié)論呀!
B選項(xiàng)正確，文章推理確實(shí)犯了B選項(xiàng)所描述的錯(cuò)誤：忽略了兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素中的一個(gè)。
注意，文章說，貨車是否能對(duì)高速公路造成破壞的關(guān)鍵因素是軸(axle)載重量，軸(axle)載重量決定于兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素：1 總載重量，2 軸的數(shù)量。新規(guī)定只是關(guān)于總載重量，遺漏了“軸的數(shù)量”問題。