單項選擇題
    1、根據(jù)下面資料，回答題
    A
    Too often we accuse others of not listening, pretending that we ourselves are faultless, yet in our hearts we know that many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven't listened carefully enough. We get things wrong because we haven't quite understood what someone meant when they were talking to us. Anyone who has ever taken the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it is to remember - despite the benefit of notes - exactly what everyone said. But success depends on getting things right - and that means listening.
    B
    Listening is not the same thing as hearing; it is not an effortless activity. It demands attention and concentration. It may mean quizzing the speaker for additional information or for clarification - it is always better to ask than to continue regardless and get things wrong. However, if you allow your mind to wander onto something else, even for a few minutes, you'll miss what the speaker is saying - probably at the very moment when he or she is saying something critical. And not having heard, you won't know you've missed anything until it's too late.
    C
    The most common bad habit we have is to start thinking of what we are going to say about the subject long before the other speaker has finished. We then stop listening. Even worse, this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness, as once you have decided what to say there is a fair chance you will interrupt to say it. Good listeners don't interrupt. In fact, it is often worth explaining the main idea of what you have just been told before going on to make your own points. Nobody is offended by this and it shows that you have listened well.
    D
    Above all, be patient and accept that many people are not very good communicators. It's helpful to remember that the ways people move and position themselves while they are speaking can reveal a great deal about what they are saying. Equally importantly you should put yourself in the other person's shoes, both intellectually and emotionally; it will help you to understand what they are getting at and form a response. But don't be too clever. Faced with a know-all, many people keep quiet because they see no point in continuing.
    Sometimes it is necessary to insist on further explanation.
    2、根據(jù)下面內(nèi)容，回答題
    Buffet Zone
    Lucy Robertson started working at a take-away food business to supplement her income during her student days at Edinburgh University. Several years later she had bought the business and now, 17 years on, she owns Grapevine Caterers, probably Scotland's leading independent caterers, with a turnover of almost ε6m.
    She had never planned to own a business, and had certainly never considered a career in catering. (0)...G…  However, her unplanned career began in 1985, when she returned to Edinburgh and discovered that the takeaway she had worked in was up for sale. On impulse, she bought it, but admits that at the time she knew nothing about catering. (8).....It was a difficult time, but essential in terms of gaining the experience she needed. The late 1980s boom was good for business, with large numbers of office workers wanting takeaway food for their lunches. (9).....  "At one point there were 26 food outlets within a 5-kilometre radius," Robertson recalls, as the economy changed and the once packed office blocks started to become vacant, it became clear that Robertson would need to diversify. (10)......It changed the direction of the company for good.
    As Robertson began to win catering contracts, she decided that the company would have to move to larger premises. In 1994, the move was made when she bought another catering business that already had a number of profitable contracts for boardroom lunches.
    Meanwhile, Robertson's main competitor, the oldest catering company in Edinburgh, was causing her some anxiety. "Customer loyally is not to be underestimated," she warns. But Robertson is not someone who is easily put off. (11)...... Partly as a result of this, turnover doubled, and having outgrown another site, Robertson bought a city-centre location for the group's headquarters.
    By now, Grapevine's main competitor was a new catering company called Towngates. Although Robertson tried to raise enough money to buy Towngates, she did not succeed. Then luck intervened and Towngates went bankrupt. (12)......Many accepted and the company's turnover went from ε700,000 to ε1.5 million almost overnight.
    However, the company's growth was not as smooth as it sounds in retrospect. Robertson admits, "We were close to the edge during the growth period. Like many under-capitalized companies trying to grow, it might easily have collapsed."  But that, she feels, is the challenge of developing your own business.
    A．But there are plenty of similar contracts to be won in the east of Scotland before   Robertson turns her attention elsewhere.
    B．Her way round this particular problem was to recruit the catering manager of the rival company.
    C．But this demand was short-lived, and before long, increasing competition made it harder to make a profit.
    D．"It was a dramatic learning curve and very small amounts of money were earned at first," says Robertson.
    E．She decided that the solution, since many companies required working lunches for   meetings with clients, was to prepare and deliver meals to business premises.
    F．On hearing this, Robertson immediately contacted all of their clients and offered the   services of Grapevine Caterers.
    G．Instead, she studied accountancy after leaving university, and a steady if unspectacular professional path seemed set.
    （8）應(yīng)選
    填空題
    3、
    
    Dear MR Ballard,
    You asked for a brief report concerning the recent events at the Southford Plant.
    We have consulted the files and spoken to relevant members of the higher management and thus are able to provide an explanation for the breakdown reported in the press on 17 May of this year.
    ____1____ The handling equipment used to deliver the components to the assembly line has been known to be in need of an overhaul for the past six months. The plant has been working to full capacity to finish the American orders according to schedule.
    As you know, we had commissioned a study by Industrial Research Consultants. ____2____ In it they warned that there was not enough space available to store sufficient components ____3____
    We had decided to install fully automated robot system. However, at the same time it was clear to our production director that given the present maintenance staff, we would not have sufficient staff available if big problems were to arise____4____But we were still only working a two-shift system so the machines were not getting the necessary cover.
    We all agree that the breakdown was extremely unfortunate and yet we must admit that, under the circumstance, it was not entirely unexpected.
    We now believe that we have managed to sort out the major problems which we had been having with the conveyor equipment ____5____ Added to this is the fact that personnel department has been successful in recruiting some highly qualified maintenance staff who makes us confident that a repetition of the 16 May now seems entirely unlikely.
    A. They also recommended expanding the present two-shift system to a three-shift one.
    B. And also when the new robots are installed in September, we feel certain that such problems will become a thing of the past.
    C. Unfortunately, as you know, there has been a major problem with recognizing the maintenance schedule.
    D. The wide range of machine we operate is not fully supervised at all times.
    E. The cause of the breakdown was very simple.
    F. They submitted their report on April 5.
    G. There have been a number of delays and breakdowns in production recently which have been reported in the press.
    H. The firm has been advertising for maintenance engineers for some weeks.
    I. All the facilities in the plant will be coordinated to enable the workers to step up production of the new range of machines.
    4、
    Questions 8-12
    ·Read this proposal about the CPT Word Processor.
    ·Choose the best sentence from the list A-I to fill each of the blanks.
    ·For each blank (8-12) mark one letter (A-I) on your Answer Sheet.
    ·De not mark any letter twice.
    ·One answer has been given as an example.
    15 June 1993
    Ms. Martha Weston
    Word Processing Supervisor
    ABC Company
    Post Office Box 1072
    28 King’s Street London
    Dear Ms. Weston,
    Performance of the CPT Equipment
    I’m Pleased to tell you about our experience with the CPT Word Processor as you requested recently____example____ I assume you have looked at several machines and have narrowed down your choices.
    Here are my observations.
    An approach to adopting word processors
    Eighteen months ago we adopted CPT equipment on limited scale with the idea in mind that we could gradually get rid of electric typewriters as we became familiar with the word processor. ____8____ The stations are actually in pairs so each pair can share a common printer ____9____
    We use the equipment as dedicated word processors, although we do have the ability to link up with our computer installation.
    The step-at-a-time development of our word-processing center has, we think, saved us money and training time. ____10____
    Performance
    In terms of performance, the CPT equipment is excellent. ____11____ Moreover our service contract and warranty have covered all maintenance costs.
    We have software packages that check spelling and signal when a mistake occurs. ____12____ Using both printers, we recently prepared 1200 individually typed form letter mailings a under four hours. We have no complaint about our preparation of executive reports.
    Example: I
    A. So it works very well and has so many different functions.
    B. Also it has reduced the confusion that exists about buying software packages.
    C. The train stops at each station for only fifteen minutes.
    D. We began with two work stations and now have four.
    E. Our routine letters are prepared from disc-stored masters.
    F. The Rotary W printer with a speed of 45 characters a second can easily handle two input stations.
    G. In contrast, its size and weight are ideal for carrying.
    H. We have not yet experienced mechanical problems so far.
    I. We are pleased with its performance and multi-functions.
    5、
    Questions 8-12
    · Read this letter to the editor of The Economist.
    · Choose the best sentence from the list A-I to fill each of the blanks.
    · For each bland (8-12) mark one letter (A-I) on your Answer Sheet.
    · Do not mar4 any letter twice.
    · One answer has been given as an example.
    Sir,
    You state on February 13 th that New Mexico has “few natural resources”, ____ example____ In 1991 New Mexico ranked fourth in the United States in production of natural gas, seventh in oil and tenth in non-fuel minerals ____8____ Non-fuel minerals contributed about $ 1 billion and coal $ 509 million.
    Taxes from production of fuels and minerals, and lease payments on state lands have been set aside by legislative acts to endow two permanent funds worth about $ 5.65 billion, ____9____ In addition, during fiscal year 1991 , payments to New Mexico from taxes on federal lands were S 108 million, all earmarked for public education.
    ____10____ About $566 million came from taxes and permanent-fund earnings attributable to oil and gas production. ____11____ Tourism is an important industry in Mew Mexico, yet its economic impact on the public sector is dwarfed by that of mineral production.
    New Mexico came through the recent recession in much better shape than most other states. It does not have a deficit. ____12____ States that rely primarily on a sales tax or on an income tax have big problems during economic downturns. Income growth per head in New Mexico averaged 6.1/00 in the year to October 1992-one if the fastest growth rates in the United States.
    Charles Chapin
    Example: C
    A. That it has a broadly based tax structure is an important point.
    B. In 1992 it produced more oil than Colorado and Kansas combined.
    C. However, the extractive mineral industry in New Mexico is one of the state’s strongest economic forces.
    D. During fiscal year 1992 New Mexico raised permanent funds worth about $6.1 billion.
    E. The combined value of oil and gas production was $ 2.8 billion.
    F. Some 16,000 employees work in the extractive industries and their wages are among the highest of any major industry.
    G. The $39 million earned by these funds in 1991 was used to finance education and other public services.
    H. Only S 25 million came from agricultural taxes.
    I. New Mexico’s extractive mineral industries contribute about a third of the state’s $ 1.9 billion general-fund income in fiscal year 1991.
    6、Questions 8 – 12
    ·Read the following text.
    ·Choose the best sentence from the list on page 52 to fill each of the gaps.
    ·For each gap 8 – 12 mark one letter A – I on your Answer Sheet.
    ·Do not mark any letter twice.
    The Cash-free Society
    Imagine a society in which cash no longer exists, Instead, “ cash ” is electronic, as in bank-card Systems. Currency and coin are abandoned.
    ____ example ____ . Theft of cash would become impossible. Bank robberies and cash-register robberies would simply cease to occur ____ ( 8 ) ____ . Purse snatchings would become a thing of the past. Urban streets would become safer ____ ( 9 ) ____ . Security costs and insurance rates would fall. Property values would rise. Neighbourhoods would improve.
    Drug traffickers and their clients, burglars and receives of stolen property, arsonists for hire, and bribe-takers would no longer have the advantage of using untraceable currency. ____ ( 10 ) ____ These prosecutions, in turn, would inhibit further crimes.
    In a society devoid of physical money, a change from cash to recorded electronic money would be accompanied by a flow of previously unpaid income-tax revenues running in the tens of billions of dollars. ____ (11) ____
    Cash has been the root of much social and economic evil. ____ (12)____ Eighty percent of Americans regularly use credit cards. The development of a federal system to handle the country’s 300 billion annual cash transactions in the United States electronically is within reach.
    Example: H.
    A. A national electronic-money system would operate as a debit-card system.
    B. Retail shops in once dangerous areas could operate in safety.
    C. As a result, income tax rates could be lowered or the national debt reduced.
    D. The use of cash has diminished substantially since World War II.
    E. Attacks on shopkeepers, taxi drivers, and cashiers would all end.
    F. The emergence of electronic funds-transfer technology makes it possible to change the nature of money and to divorce it from evil.
    G. Almost every present-day cash transaction can be duplicated electronically.
    H. The immediate benefits would be profound and fundamental.
    I. Electronic “money” would leave incriminating trails of data, resulting in more arrests and convictions.
    7、Questions 8-12
    ·Read this letter to the editor of The Economist.
    ·Choose the best sentence from the list A-I to fill each of the blanks.
    ·For each bland (8-12) mark one letter (A-I) on your Answer Sheet.
    ·Do not mar4 any letter twice.
    ·One answer has been given as an example.
    Sir,
    You state on February 13 th that New Mexico has “few natural resources”, ____ example____ In 1991 New Mexico ranked fourth in the United States in production of natural gas, seventh in oil and tenth in non-fuel minerals ____8____ Non-fuel minerals contributed about $ 1 billion and coal $ 509 million.
    Taxes from production of fuels and minerals, and lease payments on state lands have been set aside by legislative acts to endow two permanent funds worth about $ 5.65 billion, ____9____ In addition, during fiscal year 1991 , payments to New Mexico from taxes on federal lands were S 108 million, all earmarked for public education.
    ____10____ About $566 million came from taxes and permanent-fund earnings attributable to oil and gas production. ____11____ Tourism is an important industry in Mew Mexico, yet its economic impact on the public sector is dwarfed by that of mineral production.
    New Mexico came through the recent recession in much better shape than most other states. It does not have a deficit. ____12____ States that rely primarily on a sales tax or on an income tax have big problems during economic downturns. Income growth per head in New Mexico averaged 6.1/00 in the year to October 1992-one if the fastest growth rates in the United States.
    Charles Chapin
    Example: C
    A. That it has a broadly based tax structure is an important point.
    B. In 1992 it produced more oil than Colorado and Kansas combined.
    C. However, the extractive mineral industry in New Mexico is one of the state’s strongest economic forces.
    D. During fiscal year 1992 New Mexico raised permanent funds worth about $6.1 billion.
    E. The combined value of oil and gas production was $ 2.8 billion.
    F. Some 16,000 employees work in the extractive industries and their wages are among the highest of any major industry.
    G. The $39 million earned by these funds in 1991 was used to finance education and other public services.
    H. Only S 25 million came from agricultural taxes.
    I. New Mexico’s extractive mineral industries contribute about a third of the state’s $ 1.9 billion general-fund income in fiscal year 1991.
    8、
    PART FOUR
    Questions 21-35
    •Read the text below about job prospects at the Provincial Bank.
    •Choose the correct word A, B, C, or, D on the opposite page to fill each gap.
    •For each question 21-35, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet.
    Employment Opportunities for Graduates with the Provincial BankThe Provincial Bank is one of the biggest (example) ____________ institutions in the U.K. With its 1,900 branches and 58,000 employees, it has (21) ____________ a household name. Almost 4,000 of these employees (22) ____________ managerial or executive positions. The bank has an outstanding (23) ____________ of profitability, which has been achieved by introducing innovations at the same time as maintaining leadership of the (24) ____________. The bank's comprehensive training programme concentrates on (25) ____________ the most important skills that graduates need in order to (26) ____________ early management responsibility. Trainees take responsibility for their own continuous self-development through visiting other branches and departments, and by (27)____________ courses in management skills. They also receive training in order to increase their knowledge of the bank's (28) ___________. The bank supports (29)____________ of staff who wish to take professional examinations, and its Graduate Training Scheme is (30)_____________ to the nationally recognized Diploma in Management.Obviously the quality of its mangers is of (31)____________ importance to the bank's performance. It welcomes good graduates in any subject area, (32)____________ they can demonstrate the ability to influence events, and have the potential to (33)____________ both as leaders and as part of a team. Most graduate trainees join the Retail Banking division initially. Those starting on this programme will soon have the (34)____________ to work in other parts of the bank and can (35)____________ a varied and flexible working life.
    Example: A budgetary B fiscal C financial D economic
    21 A opened B entered C turned D become
    22 A hold B do C keep D own
    23 A career B catalogue C record D experience
    24 A area B trade C record D market
    25 A making B reaching C developing D heightening
    26 A present B treat C deal D handle
    27 A observing B attending C involving D staying
    28 A services B goods C creations D abilities
    29 A colleague B members C people D persons
    30 A qualified B combined C fastened D linked
    31 A main B vital C necessary D superior
    32 A therefore B thus C provided D only
    33 A succeed B realize C gain D overcome
    34 A choice B chance C likelihood D probability
    35 A forecast B believe C suppose D expect
    9、
    PART TWO
    Questions 8-12
    •Read the extract below from an article about the coffee industry.
    •Choose the best sentence from the list on the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
    •For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-I)on your Answer Sheet.
    •Do not use any letter more than once.
    Coffee is worth approximately $50-60bn per annum in terms of world sales. It is a truly international commodity, and today more than 50 countries in the world grow coffee beans. (example) ______I_____. ICO organization helps coffee producers and promotes coffee conumption worldwide.ICO estimates that world production next year will reach 97.5 million bags.11.3 million bags higher than the current year. (8) ____________. As the largest producing country, Brazil is particularly important in the coffee world. In 1994 Brazil was responsible for 25% of world production, Colombia was next with 13.4%, Indonesia had 7.5%, Mexico 4.7%, Guatemala 3.8% and Ethiopia and Vietnam were equal with 3.4%.Coffee is a tough crop, and can be grown in areas where it is difficult or impossible to grow other crops. (9) However, disease is always problem for coffee production, as we can see in some parts of South America at the moment.ICO is active in educating farmers about avoiding disease and dealing with problems when they occur.The distribution chain varies from country to country, explains Pablo Dubois. In most countries the smaller farmers sell their crop to a local trader, who then sells it on to exporters. There are, however, other distribution systems. (10) ____________. Some countries, like Vietnam, have special government marketing organizations for coffee.Coffee prices often vary greatly from one year to the next. In 1997, for example, there was a large rise in the world price, which was immediately felt by the consumer. Rising prices always result in a drop in sales, which will have a bad effect on those developing countries, which are highly dependent on foreign exchange from coffee exports. (11)____________.In the opinion of Pablo Dubois, the biggest problem for his organisation is to create greater consumer awareness of the different varieties of coffee and different ways of preparing it. (12)____________. ICO is therefore concentrating its promotional activities on Russia and China. It is also encouraging environmentally friendly coffee production, and last year's seminar on coffee and the environment created a lot of interest.The future looks bright for the coffee industry. It is estimated that consumption over the next few years will continue to rise steadily. New markets like Eastern Europe and China are expected to develop fast.
    A. As a result, the membership now represents 94% of all exporters and 60% of all importers.
    B. In some of these countries, this can amount to as much as 50% of all export earning.
    C. In North America, most consumers already have above average knowledge of the range available.
    D. For example, frost and wind are particularly damaging to coffee crops.
    E. Larger coffee growers, for example, frequently export directly.
    F. The main reason for this is higher Brazilian output as production recovers from weather damage to crops.
    G. It is cultivated in mountain regions which can only be reached by animal transport, and in other difficult areas where modern agricultural equipment cannot be used.
    H. This is because there is a demand for coffee in Germany, and it is also sold in the UK and in the US.
    I. This make the coffee industry fairly universal, according to Pablo Dubois, Head of the International Coffee Organisation (ICO), based in London.
    10、
    PART THREE
    Questions 13-20
    Read the article below about stress management, and answer questions 13-20 on the opposite page.
    A Lesson In Stress Management
    Demands placed on us at work can often lead to considerable worry and discomfort. There are, however, ways of protecting ourselves from the stress we face at work. We interviewed Jane Collard, a consultant in stress management.
    1. In Jane Collard's opinion, stress is becoming an increasingly common feature of the workplace. Stress is a highly individual reaction, which varies considerably from person to person, and it is difficult for some employees to avoid it. Indeed, stress is regarded by many as part of the organizational culture of our institutions: it comes with the job. Recent figures indicate that time taken off work because of stress has increased by 500 per cent since the 1950s. Undoubtedly, changes in working conditions have led to greater pressure at work at all levels. With reductions in staffing, workloads for individual employees have increased. In addition, many employees are left worrying about the security of their jobs.
    2. On the stress management courses that she runs, Jane Collard tries to make the trainees realise that stress in itself is not harmful. Everyone needs a certain level of stress to enable them to feel motivated and to perform effectively. A complete absence of stress can be as damaging as overstress, since it can make people lose interest in their work, and even lead to depression. The difficulties occur when the amount of stress rises above a level which is healthy for a particular individual. If this happens, the effects are very obvious and the trainees are taught to recognize the signs. Stress may be expressed physically, for example through headaches and tiredness, or through emotional problems such as depression. A person suffering from stress may also start to behave differently, and can be difficult to deal with.
    3. While it may not always be possible to prevent stress, there are a number of ways in which it can be controlled. The first thing that the trainees learn is how to manage their time effectively. This involves, first of all, setting realistic goals for both the short and long term. Once this framework has been established, tasks are then prioritised on a daily basis. The trainees are also reminded that when they are under pressure the less important items should be left, and they should never hesitate to delegate. Everyone is encouraged to look at ways of reducing 'wasted time ', for example by grouping similar tasks together or dealing with items immedkiately.
    4. Jane feels that one of the most useful features of the course is that it enables trainees to deal with those demands or deadlines that they regard as unreasonable. They are encouraged to avoid being defensive, but at the same time they are advised not to be afraid of saying 'no'. They are asked to give reasons only if necessary. The training helps them to foresee difficult situations or unwanted demands, and they learn how to prepare themselves mentally. Everyone is encouraged not to get stuck in negative thought patterns, where stress can feed a circular sense of helplessness. One solution they discuss is to think of a more encouraging alternative for each negative message. They learn, for example, to remind themselves that nothing terrible happens when a demand is refused or a deadline missed. Life goes on.
    Questions 13-16
    For questions 13-16, choose the best title for each numbered paragraph from the list below.
    For each numbered paragraph 1-4, mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.
    Do not use any letter more than once.
    13 Paragraph 1 ______ 14 Paragraph 2 ______
    15 Paragraph 3 ______ 16 Paragraph 4 ______
    A Higher stress levels among top managers
    B Coping with stress through a positive attitude
    C Time lost at work through sickness
    D Causes of increased stress in the work environment
    E Explanations for missed deadlines
    F stress reduction through better organisation
    G Typical problems associated with stress