在雅思寫(xiě)作的Task2中，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)有關(guān)問(wèn)題解決方面的作文。
    這一類型的文章要求考生闡述特定話題存在的一些問(wèn)題，并給出相應(yīng)的解決方法。
    首先要做的就是確定所要解決的問(wèn)題。
    我們來(lái)看下面的幾個(gè)例子：
    Problem Solution Essay Questions:
    1. Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems.
    Identify one or two serious ones and suggest ways that governments and individuals can tackle these problems.
    2. Nowadays many people have access to computers on a wide basis and a large number of children play computer games.
    What are the negative impacts of playing computer games and what can be done to minimize the bad effects?
    3. The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it has also created problems that did not exist before.
    What are the most serious problems associated with the internet and what solutions can you suggest?
    4. In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing.
    What problems will this cause for individuals and society?
    Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.
    要注意，一些題目要求闡述reasons而不是problems，兩者是有區(qū)別的。
    Problem Solution Example Essay
    為了更好地理解這一類型的作文，掌握組織寫(xiě)作語(yǔ)言的技巧，我們先來(lái)看一篇范文：
    The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it has also created problems that did not exist before.
    What are the most serious problems associated with the internet and what solutions can you suggest?
    The enormous growth in the use of the internet over the last decade has led to radical changes to the way that people consume and share information. Although serious problems have arisen as a result of this, there are solutions.
    One of the first problems of the internet is the ease with which children can access potentially dangerous sites. For example, pornography sites are easily accessible to them because they can register with a site and claim to be an adult. There is no doubt that this affects their thoughts and development, which is a negative impact for the children and for society. Another major problem is the growth of online fraud and hacking. These days, there are constant news stories about government and company websites that have been hacked, resulting in sensitive information falling into the hands of criminals.
    It is important that action is taken to combat these problems. Governments should ensure that adequate legislation and controls are in place that will prevent young people from accessing dangerous sites, such as requiring more than simply confirming that you are an adult to view a site. Parents also have a part to play. They need to closely monitor the activities of their children and restrict their access to certain sites, which can now be done through various computer programs. Companies must also improve their onsite IT security systems to make fraud and hacking much more difficult by undertaking thorough reviews of their current systems for weaknesses.
    To conclude, the internet is an amazing technological innovation that has transformed people’s lives, but not without negative impacts. However, with the right action by individuals, governments and businesses, it can be made a safe place for everyone.
    (285 words)
    Writing about Problems
    大家仔細(xì)閱讀范文有關(guān)“problems”的一部分，回答以下問(wèn)題：
    1. 共列舉了幾個(gè)問(wèn)題?
    2. 這些問(wèn)題分別是什么?
    3. 如何描述這些問(wèn)題?
    4. 如何進(jìn)一步闡述這些問(wèn)題?
    5. 每個(gè)問(wèn)題引發(fā)的后果是什么?
    回答了上面5個(gè)問(wèn)題，你就知道有關(guān)這一部分的作文結(jié)構(gòu)是怎樣的。
    你只需要列舉出2-3個(gè)"problems"，因?yàn)闀r(shí)間有限，而且還需要進(jìn)一步解釋這些“problems”。
    當(dāng)你思考解決這些問(wèn)題的方法時(shí)，不妨想想(a)這些問(wèn)題是什么(b)怎樣做出進(jìn)一步的闡述(c)這些問(wèn)題的影響有哪些。你可以根據(jù)這幾個(gè)問(wèn)題構(gòu)思段落結(jié)構(gòu)。
    下面就給出了一個(gè)例子：
    Problem 1: children can access potentially dangerous sites
    Explanation / Example: Pornography sites
    Result: Affects thought & development - negative for children & society
    Problem 2: growth of online fraud and hacking
    Explanation / Example: Evident from the constant news stories
    Result: Criminals get sensitive information
    下面是進(jìn)一步的闡釋，劃線部分為對(duì)問(wèn)題的描述：
    One of the first problems of the internet is the ease with which children can access potentially dangerous sites.For example, pornography sites are easily accessible to them because they can register with a site and claim to be an adult. There is no doubt that this affects their thoughts and development, which is a negative impact for the children and for society. Another major problem is the growth of online fraud and hacking. These days, there are constant news stories about government and company websites that have been hacked, resulting in sensitive information falling into the hands of criminals.
    Writing about Solutions
    回答下面有關(guān)“solutions”部分的一些問(wèn)題：
    1. 文章給給出了幾種解決方法?
    2. 這些解決方法是什么?
    3. 作者認(rèn)為有哪些人可以負(fù)責(zé)這些解決方法的實(shí)施?
    4. 如何實(shí)施?
    5. 文章在給出建議時(shí)，使用了哪三種情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)?
    上面的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題就是這一部分的主要觀點(diǎn)。
    a) The people involved
    當(dāng)你思考解決方法時(shí)，想一想這些解決方法的參與者，通常都包括政府和個(gè)人。
    有時(shí)也會(huì)有其他的參與者。在這一范文中，就包括了企業(yè)和家長(zhǎng)。如果是跟犯罪有關(guān)的話題，那么就會(huì)包括警察。如果有關(guān)視頻暴力，那么參與者還有電視和電影的制片人。
    你可以根據(jù)這些參與者來(lái)組織段落結(jié)構(gòu)。
    b) Developing your solutions
    不要讓解決方法過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)潔，這樣的概述會(huì)過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單。例如：
    The government should introduce stricter laws.
    這在雅思寫(xiě)作中很常見(jiàn)，只給出解決方法的概述而不做進(jìn)一步解釋。你應(yīng)該給出解釋，怎樣實(shí)施這一方法，為什么這一方法會(huì)奏效。例如：
    Governments should ensure that adequate legislation and controls are in place that will prevent young people from accessing dangerous sites, such as requiring more than simply confirming that you are an adult to view a site.
    這樣就進(jìn)一步闡釋了解決方法的具體實(shí)施。
    b) Modal Verbs
    在給出解決方法時(shí)，可以使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
    先來(lái)看一下總體的構(gòu)思：
    Solution 1: Governments
    Idea: Adequate legislation and controls for young people
    How: More complex website access criteria
    Solution 2: Parents
    Idea: Monitor children and restrict access
    How: Use a computer program
    Solution 3: Companies
    Idea: Improve IT security systems
    How: Review current systems in place
    下面是根據(jù)上面幾點(diǎn)展開(kāi)的一段話，劃線部分為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：
    It is important that action is taken to combat these problems. Governments should ensure that adequate legislation and controls are in place that will prevent young people from accessing dangerous sites, such as requiring more than simply confirming that you are an adult to view a site. Parents also have a part to play. They need to closely monitor the activities of their children and restrict their access to certain sites, which can now be done through various computer programs.Companies must also improve their onsite IT security systems to make fraud and hacking much more difficult by undertaking thorough reviews of their current systems for weaknesses.