一 、獨立結構的構成：
    只有當分詞短語的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時，我們才能用獨立結構。獨立結構只用做狀語，多用于書面語言。常見的獨立結構有以下幾種：
    (一) 名詞/代詞+分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)：
    1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴隨情況)
    2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴隨情況)
    (二)名詞/代詞+形容詞：
    1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴隨情況)
    2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴隨情況)
    (三)名詞/代詞+副詞：
    1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示補充說明)
    2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示補充說明)
    (四)名詞/代詞+介詞(短語)
    1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴隨情況)
    2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴隨情況)