新概念英語第二冊第40課課文重難點 further notes on the text
1.next to, 挨著。
它既可以表示座位挨著也可以表示地理位置上挨著:
who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting? 開會時坐在你旁邊的那人是誰?
there's a field/shop next to our house. 我們家房子邊上有一片田野/一個商店。
2.mrs. rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.蘭伯爾德夫人是一位身材高大、表情嚴肅的女人,穿一件緊身的黑衣服。
(1)unsmiling的反義詞為smiling(微笑的,喜氣洋洋的)。有些形容詞前面可以加上前綴un-來表示相反的意義:comfortable (舒服的)/uncomfortable(不舒服的),true(真實的)/untrue(不真實的), interesting(有趣的)/uninteresting(無趣味的,乏味的)。
(2)in在這里表示"穿著"、"戴著":
a young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.有位穿藍衣服的小伙子在找您。
3.take one's seat, 在指定的位置上就座。
take a seat表示"坐下",比sit要正式:
please take a seat.請坐。
take one's seat則表示位置事先已安排好:
after everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.大家各自就座后,會議/宴會便開始了。
4.her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. 她的眼睛盯著自己的盤子,不一會兒就忙著吃起來了。
(1)fix常用的意思為"使……固定"、"安裝":
she fixed a handle on the door.她在門上安了個把手。
fix on的含義之一為"使(目光、注意力等)集中于"、"盯著":
he fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn't understand a word.他的眼睛盯著那本書,但他一個字兒也沒看懂。
(2)busy+ doing sth.表示"忙著做某事", doing前可以加 in,也可以不加:
they are busy (in) repairing the car.他們正忙著修車。
we're all busy getting ready for the performance.我們都在忙著為演出進行準(zhǔn)備。
5.if you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃點,少說點……
在并列句中,相同的句子成分(如主語、謂語、狀語等)通常由同一詞性的單詞/詞組表示,并且它們的長度也差不多,以保持句子的平衡性。在課文中的這句話中ate與talked對應(yīng),more與less對應(yīng)。再如:
you can either go out or stay here.你出去也行,呆在這里也行。
he wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.他想買的東西很多,但他的錢很少。
語法 grammar in use
第2類條件句
在第16課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了第1類條件句,它談?wù)搶⒂锌赡馨l(fā)生的事情,并且考慮其將來的真實結(jié)果。它的一般形式如下所示:
you'll miss the train if you don't hurry.你如果不抓緊時間會誤了火車的。(主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時或其他形式的現(xiàn)在時)
第2類條件句的形式與第一類不同,if從句中用一般過去時,談?wù)撓胂竦那闆r,主句用would +動詞原形,推測想像的結(jié)果:
if it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.如果明天下雨,我們將呆在家里。
盡管第2類條件句使用過去時,卻并非指過去的時間,所以,if之后的過去時用法常被稱為"非真實的過去"。
第2類條件句有時可以代替第1類條件句來描述頗有可能發(fā)生的事情,但比第1類條件句較為"無把握"。試比較:
不過第2類條件句經(jīng)常用來描寫完全不可能的事情:
if i had longer legs, i'd be able to run faster.如果我的腿再長一點兒,我就能跑得更快了。
在后一個例句中,the weather是單數(shù),按語法規(guī)則,在正常的陳述句中它后面應(yīng)為was而不是were。但在第2類條件句中,were比was更為正式,與真實情況的差別也更大:
if he were/was ready, i would go.如果他準(zhǔn)備好了,我就去。
if i were you這種說法經(jīng)常用于提出建議:
if i were you, i'd accept their offer.如果我是你,我就接受他們的建議。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) word study
1.make vt., vi.
及物動詞make的原義為"制造",但它經(jīng)常用于一些固定的結(jié)構(gòu),常見的為make +(冠詞)+名詞形式。因名詞的不同其含義也稍有不同:
i tried to make conversation.我試圖找個話題。
if you like, i'll make the beds this morning.如果你愿意,今天早上我來鋪床。
don't make so much noise when i'm reading.我看書時你(們)別這么吵鬧。
he made a promise that he would return the books in a week.他保證一星期后將書還回來。
if you make trouble again, i'll send you home.你如果再搗蛋,我就把你送回家。
he works very hard, but he's made little progrss.他很刻苦,但他進步甚小。
he makes a lot of money and he also spends a lot.他掙錢多,花錢也多。
can you make a speech for our students?您能為我們的學(xué)生演講嗎?
i'm sorry to tell you that you've made a big mistake.我很遺憾地告訴你,你犯了個大錯誤。
在表示"下定決心"、"拿定王意"時要用詞組make up one's mind:
have you made up your mind to set off tomorrow morning?你已下定決心要明天早上出發(fā)了嗎?
2.do vt.
與make一樣,完全動詞do也可以用于一些固定說法,它的含義比make要更籠統(tǒng)一些:
i had done my best, but i still failed in the exam.我已經(jīng)盡力而為了,但我考試還是沒及格。
after you've done your homework, you can watch tv.你做完作業(yè)后可以看電視。
would you please do me a favour?請幫個忙好嗎?
i did a few jobs about the house.我干了點家務(wù)活。
i did a lot of work around the house.我干了許多家務(wù)活。
can you do any more work today?你今天還能再干點活嗎?
we are asked to do exercises 2 and 3 of lesson 10.我們得做第10課的第2項和第3項練習(xí)。
that shop does very good business.那家商店的生意很好。
do 還可以與動名詞連用:
we did all our shopping yesterday.我們昨天把東西都買了。
i do a lot of swimming.我常常游泳。
i did some reading this afternoon.今天下午我讀了點書。
練習(xí)答案 key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
1 were 2 tries 3 will burn
4 would have to 5 lost 6 do not apologize
7 were 8 won 9 would not be
10 could
2.難點練習(xí)答案
1 made… do 2 does… makes
3 doing…making 4 made…did
3.多項選擇題答案
1 c 2 c 3 b 4 c 5 a 6 a
7 c 8 b 9 b 10 b 11b 12 d
1.next to, 挨著。
它既可以表示座位挨著也可以表示地理位置上挨著:
who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting? 開會時坐在你旁邊的那人是誰?
there's a field/shop next to our house. 我們家房子邊上有一片田野/一個商店。
2.mrs. rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.蘭伯爾德夫人是一位身材高大、表情嚴肅的女人,穿一件緊身的黑衣服。
(1)unsmiling的反義詞為smiling(微笑的,喜氣洋洋的)。有些形容詞前面可以加上前綴un-來表示相反的意義:comfortable (舒服的)/uncomfortable(不舒服的),true(真實的)/untrue(不真實的), interesting(有趣的)/uninteresting(無趣味的,乏味的)。
(2)in在這里表示"穿著"、"戴著":
a young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.有位穿藍衣服的小伙子在找您。
3.take one's seat, 在指定的位置上就座。
take a seat表示"坐下",比sit要正式:
please take a seat.請坐。
take one's seat則表示位置事先已安排好:
after everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.大家各自就座后,會議/宴會便開始了。
4.her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. 她的眼睛盯著自己的盤子,不一會兒就忙著吃起來了。
(1)fix常用的意思為"使……固定"、"安裝":
she fixed a handle on the door.她在門上安了個把手。
fix on的含義之一為"使(目光、注意力等)集中于"、"盯著":
he fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn't understand a word.他的眼睛盯著那本書,但他一個字兒也沒看懂。
(2)busy+ doing sth.表示"忙著做某事", doing前可以加 in,也可以不加:
they are busy (in) repairing the car.他們正忙著修車。
we're all busy getting ready for the performance.我們都在忙著為演出進行準(zhǔn)備。
5.if you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃點,少說點……
在并列句中,相同的句子成分(如主語、謂語、狀語等)通常由同一詞性的單詞/詞組表示,并且它們的長度也差不多,以保持句子的平衡性。在課文中的這句話中ate與talked對應(yīng),more與less對應(yīng)。再如:
you can either go out or stay here.你出去也行,呆在這里也行。
he wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.他想買的東西很多,但他的錢很少。
語法 grammar in use
第2類條件句
在第16課的語法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了第1類條件句,它談?wù)搶⒂锌赡馨l(fā)生的事情,并且考慮其將來的真實結(jié)果。它的一般形式如下所示:
you'll miss the train if you don't hurry.你如果不抓緊時間會誤了火車的。(主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時或其他形式的現(xiàn)在時)
第2類條件句的形式與第一類不同,if從句中用一般過去時,談?wù)撓胂竦那闆r,主句用would +動詞原形,推測想像的結(jié)果:
if it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.如果明天下雨,我們將呆在家里。
盡管第2類條件句使用過去時,卻并非指過去的時間,所以,if之后的過去時用法常被稱為"非真實的過去"。
第2類條件句有時可以代替第1類條件句來描述頗有可能發(fā)生的事情,但比第1類條件句較為"無把握"。試比較:
不過第2類條件句經(jīng)常用來描寫完全不可能的事情:
if i had longer legs, i'd be able to run faster.如果我的腿再長一點兒,我就能跑得更快了。
在后一個例句中,the weather是單數(shù),按語法規(guī)則,在正常的陳述句中它后面應(yīng)為was而不是were。但在第2類條件句中,were比was更為正式,與真實情況的差別也更大:
if he were/was ready, i would go.如果他準(zhǔn)備好了,我就去。
if i were you這種說法經(jīng)常用于提出建議:
if i were you, i'd accept their offer.如果我是你,我就接受他們的建議。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) word study
1.make vt., vi.
及物動詞make的原義為"制造",但它經(jīng)常用于一些固定的結(jié)構(gòu),常見的為make +(冠詞)+名詞形式。因名詞的不同其含義也稍有不同:
i tried to make conversation.我試圖找個話題。
if you like, i'll make the beds this morning.如果你愿意,今天早上我來鋪床。
don't make so much noise when i'm reading.我看書時你(們)別這么吵鬧。
he made a promise that he would return the books in a week.他保證一星期后將書還回來。
if you make trouble again, i'll send you home.你如果再搗蛋,我就把你送回家。
he works very hard, but he's made little progrss.他很刻苦,但他進步甚小。
he makes a lot of money and he also spends a lot.他掙錢多,花錢也多。
can you make a speech for our students?您能為我們的學(xué)生演講嗎?
i'm sorry to tell you that you've made a big mistake.我很遺憾地告訴你,你犯了個大錯誤。
在表示"下定決心"、"拿定王意"時要用詞組make up one's mind:
have you made up your mind to set off tomorrow morning?你已下定決心要明天早上出發(fā)了嗎?
2.do vt.
與make一樣,完全動詞do也可以用于一些固定說法,它的含義比make要更籠統(tǒng)一些:
i had done my best, but i still failed in the exam.我已經(jīng)盡力而為了,但我考試還是沒及格。
after you've done your homework, you can watch tv.你做完作業(yè)后可以看電視。
would you please do me a favour?請幫個忙好嗎?
i did a few jobs about the house.我干了點家務(wù)活。
i did a lot of work around the house.我干了許多家務(wù)活。
can you do any more work today?你今天還能再干點活嗎?
we are asked to do exercises 2 and 3 of lesson 10.我們得做第10課的第2項和第3項練習(xí)。
that shop does very good business.那家商店的生意很好。
do 還可以與動名詞連用:
we did all our shopping yesterday.我們昨天把東西都買了。
i do a lot of swimming.我常常游泳。
i did some reading this afternoon.今天下午我讀了點書。
練習(xí)答案 key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
1 were 2 tries 3 will burn
4 would have to 5 lost 6 do not apologize
7 were 8 won 9 would not be
10 could
2.難點練習(xí)答案
1 made… do 2 does… makes
3 doing…making 4 made…did
3.多項選擇題答案
1 c 2 c 3 b 4 c 5 a 6 a
7 c 8 b 9 b 10 b 11b 12 d