從我以往的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)中，學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)句子簡(jiǎn)化題比較恐懼，沒有好的做題方法。詢問(wèn)了一些同學(xué)，他們說(shuō)，每次做這類題，就是快速看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)的接近，憑著英語(yǔ)感覺選擇。這么做題，正確率難保證。
首先，我們來(lái)看一道長(zhǎng)難句(摘自托福閱讀120長(zhǎng)難句)
There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.
這句話看似結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，很長(zhǎng)。其實(shí)，它的主句就是There are reports. 有一些報(bào)告。后面跟著三個(gè)that，它們是并列的同位語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)解釋reports具體指什么。所以我們就可以把這句話簡(jiǎn)單理解成 “有一些報(bào)告，關(guān)于這些報(bào)告有三方面的內(nèi)容”. 如果學(xué)生能夠把句子分析到這個(gè)地步，那么之后的簡(jiǎn)化就會(huì)很輕松。
我們?cè)賮?lái)看一道句子簡(jiǎn)化題
The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.
The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
第一步：找出邏輯詞
Resultfrom 是邏輯詞，表示(一件事)由于(后者)而發(fā)生。 Result from 前面是結(jié)果，后面是原因。
第二步：分析邏輯詞前后句，找出主要內(nèi)容
Result from 前面很簡(jiǎn)單，就只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，seriousness of desertification
Resultfrom 后面有三個(gè)并列的分句。1.vast areas of land 2. the tremendous numbers of people affected 3. greatdifficulty of reversing or slowing the process 這三個(gè)并列分句表達(dá)了造成seriousness of desertification的原因。
第三步：看選項(xiàng)找出相同邏輯詞
只有A和B 中間有同樣表示因果關(guān)系的詞:because
第四步：看選項(xiàng)，確保邏輯詞前后主要內(nèi)容一致
B項(xiàng)中，slowingdown the process是出現(xiàn)在原因中的，不是結(jié)果，所以不能放在because之前。只有A項(xiàng)符合原文內(nèi)容。如果仔細(xì)看，此句話中，也已經(jīng)完整表達(dá)了三個(gè)造成seriousness of desertification的原因。
再看下面這個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句
“We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."
句子分析：僅僅一句話，內(nèi)容豐富。 大家能看出主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是什么嗎? in order to 表示“為了..." 后面跟了很長(zhǎng)的一段。動(dòng)詞+名詞的簡(jiǎn)短組合，按照我們的方法，用筆勾畫出每一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，逐個(gè)進(jìn)行翻譯，這句話就迎刃而解。動(dòng)詞包括，eastablish, insure, provide, promote, secure, do ordain and establish.
詞匯分析: tranquility 一詞 從 tranquil 而來(lái)，表示:pleasantly calm,quiet, and peaceful. 大家也就知道tranquility的意思了。
這段話，聰明的你看出摘自哪里了嗎? 來(lái)自《the Constitution of the United States - Preamble》美國(guó)憲法 ---- 序言。
首先，我們來(lái)看一道長(zhǎng)難句(摘自托福閱讀120長(zhǎng)難句)
There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.
這句話看似結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，很長(zhǎng)。其實(shí)，它的主句就是There are reports. 有一些報(bào)告。后面跟著三個(gè)that，它們是并列的同位語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)解釋reports具體指什么。所以我們就可以把這句話簡(jiǎn)單理解成 “有一些報(bào)告，關(guān)于這些報(bào)告有三方面的內(nèi)容”. 如果學(xué)生能夠把句子分析到這個(gè)地步，那么之后的簡(jiǎn)化就會(huì)很輕松。
我們?cè)賮?lái)看一道句子簡(jiǎn)化題
The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.
The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
第一步：找出邏輯詞
Resultfrom 是邏輯詞，表示(一件事)由于(后者)而發(fā)生。 Result from 前面是結(jié)果，后面是原因。
第二步：分析邏輯詞前后句，找出主要內(nèi)容
Result from 前面很簡(jiǎn)單，就只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，seriousness of desertification
Resultfrom 后面有三個(gè)并列的分句。1.vast areas of land 2. the tremendous numbers of people affected 3. greatdifficulty of reversing or slowing the process 這三個(gè)并列分句表達(dá)了造成seriousness of desertification的原因。
第三步：看選項(xiàng)找出相同邏輯詞
只有A和B 中間有同樣表示因果關(guān)系的詞:because
第四步：看選項(xiàng)，確保邏輯詞前后主要內(nèi)容一致
B項(xiàng)中，slowingdown the process是出現(xiàn)在原因中的，不是結(jié)果，所以不能放在because之前。只有A項(xiàng)符合原文內(nèi)容。如果仔細(xì)看，此句話中，也已經(jīng)完整表達(dá)了三個(gè)造成seriousness of desertification的原因。
再看下面這個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句
“We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."
句子分析：僅僅一句話，內(nèi)容豐富。 大家能看出主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是什么嗎? in order to 表示“為了..." 后面跟了很長(zhǎng)的一段。動(dòng)詞+名詞的簡(jiǎn)短組合，按照我們的方法，用筆勾畫出每一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，逐個(gè)進(jìn)行翻譯，這句話就迎刃而解。動(dòng)詞包括，eastablish, insure, provide, promote, secure, do ordain and establish.
詞匯分析: tranquility 一詞 從 tranquil 而來(lái)，表示:pleasantly calm,quiet, and peaceful. 大家也就知道tranquility的意思了。
這段話，聰明的你看出摘自哪里了嗎? 來(lái)自《the Constitution of the United States - Preamble》美國(guó)憲法 ---- 序言。