第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義為接近的選項(xiàng)。
1．1 wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse．
A．a(chǎn)fraid
B．a(chǎn)nxious
C．sure
D．sad
2．She always finds fault with everything
A．simplifies
B．criticizes
C．evaluates
D．examines
3．At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened．
A．give
B．a(chǎn)ttach
C．lose
D．understand
4．I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch．
A．instructing
B．pushing
C．notifying
D．inviting
5．Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours．
A．stand
B．spend
C．take
D．1ast
6．The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced．
A．suddenly
B．greatly
C．generally
D．slightly
7．Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do．
A．saying
B．doubting
C．thinking
D．knowing
8．At 80，Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris．
A．happy
B．energetic
C．a(chǎn)lone
D．busv
9．A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children．
A．reported
B．proved
C．caught
D．praised
10．He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non—polluting energy source．
A．maintained
B．recommended
C．considered
D．a(chǎn)cknowledged
11．It is possible to approach the problem in a different way．
A．handle
B．raise
C．pose
D．experience
12．The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses．
A．relative
B．general
C．continuous
D．shard
13．For some obscure reason，the simple game is becoming very popular．
A．obvious
B．major
C．unclear
D．minor
14．The decision to invade provoked storms of protest．
A．ignored
B．organized
C．caused
D．received
15．Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage．
A．turning
B．jumping
C．shouting
D．shaking
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。
Relieving the Pain
"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain," say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. "People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising."The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.
Lumber (腰部的)pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary(久坐不動(dòng)的) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(內(nèi)啡肽) , the body's "feel-good" chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.
Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or series of different drugs. "It's crazy," says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. "Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. I've just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."
A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.
In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercise, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice t'ai chi(太極) self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a half hours physiotherapy(理療) a week in a traditional hospital program. "The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence," explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. "Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner that those subjected to more conservative treatment."
16 To treat pain, patients should stop moving around.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
17 Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
18 Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
19 Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
20 Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
21 Exercises helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
22 New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2-5段每段選擇1個(gè)佳標(biāo)題；(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)佳選項(xiàng)。
Owls and Larks(貓頭鷹與云雀)
1 In this article, we look at the importance of sleep for learning. Most healthy adults need eight or more hours of sleep. But why do we need sleep in the first place? We need sleep for the brain to get a chance to rebuild memories stored during the day and associate these with previously learned things. If this process is interrupted by, say, the sound of an alarm clock, it may not be as effective. So if your sleep is cut short by the alarm clock, how damaging is it? The truth is that it's difficult to predict, as so much depends on how much sleep your body actually needs on that particular occasion.
2 The popular belief that people are naturally either larks (early risers) or owls is false. The reason why people tend to be one or the other has more to do with lifestyle, age, and personality. Many people who appear to be early birds may have just become so through habit, for example, parents with very young children. Teenagers can have difficulty falling asleep until late at night and then they naturally have problems getting up the following morning.
3 The main reason why owls are owls is that they tend to spend their time over a book, movie, or computer game till the early hours of the morning. They enjoy the quiet of the night when they can pursue their passion. On the other hand, larks can make better use of early morning hours where they can study in quiet at the time when their brains are most refreshed. So which is better for learning-an owl's or a lark's lifestyle? The simple truth is that it is more complex than simply being one or the other. Leading a well-balanced life in terms of work and play and sleeping enough to bring maximum refreshment is probably the secret.
4 As for naps, experts on insomnia(失眠)argue against taking naps, as these may keep people up at night. If your nap lasts only five minutes to half an hour and does not affect your ability to fall asleep in the night, it will probably help you be more alert in evening hours. However, if you are having problems getting to sleep at night, it's not only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine(尼古丁), do mentally intense activities like preparing for exams or doing exercise in the evening. Some people swear that drinking coffee never stops them from sleeping like a log, whereas others will never go near the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However, the best advice for most is to avoid it in the evening, and if you drink coffee before a nap, remember you are likely to awaken as soon as the caffeine starts kicking in.
23 Paragraph 1 _________
24 Paragraph 2 _________
25 Paragraph 3 _________
26 Paragraph 4 _________
A What should we avoid?
B How much sleep do we need?
C Which is better, being an owl or a lark?
D Why do we need sleep?
E What makes people owls or larks?
F What helps us fall asleep?
27 Sleep helps brain to _________.
28 Parents with very young children tend to _________
29 A good lifestyle means one can _________.
30 It is good advice for most people to _________.
A sleep enough to bring most refreshment
B keep away from coffee in the evening
C stay up till the early hours of the morning
D get up quite early
E store memories in the brain
F rebuild memories stored during the day
第4部分：閱讀理解(第3l～45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,為每題確定1個(gè)佳選項(xiàng)。
第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (掃描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often
31 People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that
A they're popular
B they're useful
C they're convenient
D they're cheap
32 The world "detected" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by
A cured
B removed
C discovered
D caused
33 The salesman retired young because
A he couldn't remember simple tasks
B he disliked using mobile phones
C he was tired of talking on his mobile phone
D his employer's doctor persuaded him to
34. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies
A hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about
B deny the existence of mobile phone radiation
C develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation
D try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health
35 The writer's purpose of writing this article is to advise people
A to buy mobile phones
B to use mobile phones less often
C to update regular phones
D to stop using mobile phones
第二篇 Immune Functions
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication network consulting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive(蜂巢). The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-omitting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign of nonself molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders (入侵者). Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule, the system has the ability to "remember" the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies(抗體)passed during lactation(授乳期), this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must "learn" from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes (微生物) in which we live, learning necessitates producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader.
Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen (抗原). Antigens are not to be confused with allergens (過(guò)敏原)，which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual (except an identical win, whose cells carry identical self makers act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, nonantigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes (抗原表位), which protrude (突出) from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitomes on their surface, some may even carry several hundred. Some epitomes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.
36 What is used to describe the communication network consisting of cells in the immune system?
A The immune system's memory.
B Bees flying around a hive.
C Immune troops eliminating intruders.
D A sea of microbes.
37 The immune cells and other cells in the body coexist peaceably in a state known as
A balance.
B harmony.
C tolerance.
D self-tolerance.
38 How do the immune cells recognize an antigen as "foreign" or "nonself"?
A Through characteristic shapes on the antigen surface.
B Through an allergic response.
C Through blood type.
D Through fine hairs protruding from the antigen surface.
39 Which of the following statements is true?
A Allergens are usually harmful substances.
B Antigens can trigger an immune response.
C People with antigens do not suffer from obvious responses.
D There is no difference between an antigen and an allergen.
40 Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage?
A The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and nonself.
B An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response.
C One of the immune system's primary functions is the allergic response.
D The human body is an appropriate habitat for microbes.
第三篇 Be Alert to Antimicrobial（抗微生物的）Resistance
The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics (抗生素) normally used for their treatment (multi-drug resistant bacteria), so pose particular difficulties, as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains (菌株) and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics, reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
An article published in 7"he Lancet Infectious Diseases on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost/all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3 (antimicrobial resistance), and, in particular, has raised awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.
While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control.
Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers, managers of hospitals, patients, as well as national governments, the pharmaceutical (制藥的) industry, and international agencies.
WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures, including the use of hand-washing measures, particularly in healthcare facilities.
Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries, and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce- transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.
WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO's World Health Day 2011.
41 Antimicrobial residence has become a global public health issue because
A there may be few or no treatment to infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.
B new antibiotics are too expensive for poor countries.
C infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria have killed a lot of people.
D scientists know nothing about multi-drug resistant bacteria.
42 The word "prudent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A unwise.
B wasteful.
C widespread.
D careful.
43 The article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that
A some bacteria have developed a new gene to resist almost all antibiotics.
B a new multi-drug resistant bacterium has appeared.
C some infections are caused by antibiotics.
D some countries are successful in controlling multi-drug resistant microorganisms.
44 WHO recommends governments to focus on the following areas EXCEPT
A keeping hospitals from storing more antibiotics than they can use.
B education on the use of antibiotics.
C control of antibiotic use.
D introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics.
45 We learn from the passage that
A antimicrobial resistance was not noticed until 2010.
B further study is needed to deal with the transmission of multi-drug resistant bacteria.
C without WHO, no country will be safer in the war against antimicrobial resistance.
D WHO will focus its prevention and control efforts in poor countries.
第5 部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46-50 題，每題2 分，共10 分）
下面的短文有5 處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。
Mt. Desert Island
The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline.____(46) At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier (冰川)descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.
As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons (咸水湖).The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. ____(47) Marine fossils found here 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.
The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands.____(48)
For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate (溫帶) and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine (高山的) plants.____(49) The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.
The best view on Mt. Desert island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain.___(50)From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by retreating glacier.
A It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.
B Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier.
C The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves.
D The term comes from the activity of the ice age.
E This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.
F It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)佳選項(xiàng)。
Pandemic (大面積流行的) H1N1 2009
The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern Europe. Focal(集中的) increases in rates during recent weeks were ______(51) in at least two eastern European countries. A high intensity of respiratory(呼吸道) diseases activity with concurrent(同時(shí)存在的) circulation of pandemic influenza still ______ (52) in parts of southern and eastern Europe, ______(53) in Greece, Poland, and Ukraine.
In Western Europe, influenza transmission remains ______(54) active and widespread, but overall disease activity has peaked. All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1N1 2009, ______(55), very small numbers of seasonal influenza viruses, covering less than 1% of all influenza viruses found, were reported in Russia. In ______(56), limited available data indicate that active, high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries ______(57) the Mediterranean coast.
In Central Asia, limited data ______(58) that influenza virus circulation remains active, but transmission may have recently peaked in some places. In West Asia, Israel, Iran, and Iraq also appear to have passed their ______(59) period of transmission within the past month, though both areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet ______(60) to baseline levels. In East Asia, influenza transmission remains active but appears to be ______(61) overall. Slight increases in ILI were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity ______(62) one month ago.
In North America, influenza transmission ______(63) widespread but has declined quickly in all countries. In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean, influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease ______(64) has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts, ______(65) for focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries.
51. A expected B reported C marked D caused
52. A plays B keeps C maintains D exists
53. A usually B particularly C exactly D completely
54. A inactive B active C faithful D unaffected
55. A yet B however C still D until
56. A fact B general C total D addition
57. A beside B at C along D around
58. A suggest B advise C propose D recommend
59. A brief B late C long D peak
60. A returned B led C brought D turned
61. A declining B rising C balancing D jumping
62. A above B from C over D since
63. A seems B expands C becomes D remains
64. A picture B performance C quality D activity
65. A except B as C all D and
2011年全國(guó)職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題答案衛(wèi)生類（A級(jí)）
第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)
1．A【解析】題意：我想約她出來(lái)但是害怕她有可能拒絕。
劃線詞scared意思是“吃驚的、害怕的”。
A項(xiàng)afraid擔(dān)心，害怕。例句：I’m afraid that I will be late．我擔(dān)心我要遲到了。
B項(xiàng)anxious憂慮。例句：I’m very anxious about the speech contest．我對(duì)此次演講比賽十分憂慮。
C項(xiàng)sure肯定。例句：I think you are not quite sure about it．我認(rèn)為，你們對(duì)這一點(diǎn)并不能完全肯定。
D項(xiàng)sad悲傷。例句：Her eyes moistened as she listened to the sad story．聽(tīng)著這悲傷的故事，她的眼睛濕潤(rùn)了。
很明顯A項(xiàng)正確。
2．B【解析】題意：她總是事事加以非難(挑剔)。
劃線部分find fault with即可。fault的意思是“挑剔，找毛病，批評(píng)”。
A項(xiàng)simplify簡(jiǎn)化。例句：That will simplify my task．那可簡(jiǎn)化了我的工作。
B項(xiàng)criticize批評(píng)。例句：You should not criticize him so harshly in his face．你不應(yīng)該當(dāng)面這么嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)他。
C項(xiàng)evaluate評(píng)價(jià)。例句：Let’s evaluate the evidence．讓我們?cè)u(píng)定一下此證據(jù)的價(jià)值。
D項(xiàng)examine調(diào)查，考試。例句：It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out．有必要調(diào)查一下怎樣才能實(shí)施這些方案。
很明顯B項(xiàng)正確。
3．D【解析】題意：當(dāng)時(shí)，我們沒(méi)有理解所發(fā)生事情的重要性。
劃線詞grasp的意思是“領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解”。
A項(xiàng)give意為給。例句：Have you given the waiter a tip?你給侍者小費(fèi)了嗎?
B項(xiàng)attach意為附上，加上。例句：I attach a copy of my notes for your information．
我附上筆記一份供你參考。
C項(xiàng)lose意為丟失，喪失。例句：I lost my wallet yesterday．我昨天丟了錢包。
D項(xiàng)understand意為理解，領(lǐng)悟。例句：I don’t understand what you’re talking about．我不明白你在說(shuō)什么。
很明顯D項(xiàng)正確。
4．B【解析】題意：我從Moira那里得到一張便條，催促我盡快聯(lián)系。
劃線詞urge的詞義為“催促”。
A項(xiàng)instruct意為教導(dǎo)，指示。例句：His uncle instructed him in French．他的叔叔教他法語(yǔ)。
B項(xiàng)push意為催促。例句：You’d better not push me for an answer to your request．你好不要催促我答復(fù)你的請(qǐng)求。
C項(xiàng)notify意為宣告，通知。例句：Please notify us of any change of address．地址如有變動(dòng)，請(qǐng)通知我們。
D項(xiàng)invite意為邀請(qǐng)。例句：She showed me her gratitude by inviting me to dinner．她邀請(qǐng)我吃晚飯以表示感謝。
很明顯B項(xiàng)正確。
5．A【解析】題意：簡(jiǎn)說(shuō)她無(wú)法忍受這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
劃線詞tolerate的詞義是“容忍”。
A項(xiàng)stand意為站立，忍受。例句：I don’t think the chair is firm enough to stand on．我覺(jué)得這椅子不夠穩(wěn)固，不能站人。
B項(xiàng)spend意為花費(fèi)。例句：You really shouldn’t spend so much effort on it．你真不該在這件事上花費(fèi)這么大的精力。
C項(xiàng)take意為拿，取。例句：Please take the trash to the garbage carl．請(qǐng)將垃圾扔到垃圾筒里去。
D項(xiàng)last意為持續(xù)。例句：The hot weather lasted until September．炎熱的天氣持續(xù)到九月。
很明顯A項(xiàng)正確。
6．B【解析】題意：海龜?shù)淖匀簧姝h(huán)境大大的惡化了。
劃線詞的意思為“相當(dāng)大的”。
A項(xiàng)suddenly意為突然地。例句：Suddenly he began to shriek loudly．突然他開(kāi)始大聲尖叫起來(lái)。
B項(xiàng)greatly意為大大地。例句：His writing has improved greatly in this semester．這學(xué)期他的寫作有了很大進(jìn)步。
C項(xiàng)generally意為一般地。例句：Generally speaking，this is impossible．一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這是不可能的。
D項(xiàng)slightly意為輕微地。例句：He is slightly drunk．他有些醉了。
很明顯B項(xiàng)正確。
7．A【解析】題意：安德森離開(kāi)了桌子，同時(shí)說(shuō)道他有些工作要去做。
劃線詞remark的意思是“說(shuō)，講”。
A項(xiàng)say意為說(shuō)。例句：Be quiet，I’ve something to say to you．安靜，我有話要對(duì)你們講。
B項(xiàng)doubt意為懷疑。例句：I doubt the truth of it．我懷疑此事的真實(shí)程度。
C項(xiàng)think意為想。例句：Independent thinking is an absolute necessity．獨(dú)立思考是絕對(duì)必要的。
D項(xiàng)know意為知道。例句：There’s no knowing what they will d0．沒(méi)法知道他們會(huì)做些什么。
很明顯A項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。
8．B【解析】題意：佩克八十歲時(shí)仍然精力旺盛地生活在巴黎。
劃線詞的詞義為“精力旺盛的”。
A項(xiàng)happy意為幸福的。例句：The old couple have a happy life．那對(duì)老夫婦過(guò)著幸福的生活。
B項(xiàng)energetic意為精力旺盛的。例句：His son is an energetic child．他的兒子是個(gè)精力旺盛的孩子。
C項(xiàng)alone意為單獨(dú)的。例句：No one knows why he is always alone．沒(méi)有人知道為什么他總是一個(gè)人。
D項(xiàng)busy意為繁忙的。例句：It seems that she has a busy day today．好像她今天很忙。
很明顯B項(xiàng)正確。
9．D【解析】題意：在營(yíng)救出兩名兒童之后，一年輕男子被歡呼擁立為英雄。
劃線詞hail的詞義是“向……歡呼致賀”。
A項(xiàng)report意為報(bào)告。例句：It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident．這次事故據(jù)說(shuō)有20人死亡。
B項(xiàng)prove意為證明。例句：The facts proved her assumption wrong．事實(shí)證明她的設(shè)想是錯(cuò)的。
C項(xiàng)catch意為抓住。例句：I caught him peeping at my paper．他偷看我的論文讓我當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住了。
D項(xiàng)praise意為稱贊，表?yè)P(yáng)。例句：The teacher praised her for her courage．老師贊揚(yáng)了她的勇氣。
很明顯D項(xiàng)正確。
10．A【解析】題意：他斷言核能是一種安全而又無(wú)污染的能源。
劃線詞的詞義為“主張，斷言”。
A項(xiàng)maintain意為主張，強(qiáng)調(diào)。例句：He maintains that there are no short cuts to effective management．他斷言，有效的管理沒(méi)有捷徑可走。
B項(xiàng)recommend意為推薦。例句：I recommended(you)meeting him first．我建議(你)先見(jiàn)見(jiàn)他。
C項(xiàng)consider意為考慮。例句：Please take time to consider the problem．請(qǐng)仔細(xì)考慮一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
D項(xiàng)acknowledge意為承認(rèn)。例句：He is unwilling to acknowledge defeat．他不愿認(rèn)輸。
很明顯A項(xiàng)正確。
11．A【解析】題意：完全有可能以不同的方式來(lái)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
劃線詞的詞義為“處理，對(duì)待”。
A項(xiàng)handle意為處理。例句：I was impressed by her handling of the affair．我覺(jué)得她對(duì)此事的處理很了不起。
B項(xiàng)raise意為抬起，提高。例句：I’m glad you raise that point．你把那一點(diǎn)指出來(lái)，我很高興。
C項(xiàng)pose意為提出。例句：Allow me to pose several questions．允許我提出幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。
D項(xiàng)experience意為體驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷。例句：I have experienced that the sunrise can be SO beautiful．我發(fā)現(xiàn)日出真美。
很明顯A項(xiàng)正確。
12．C【解析】題意：該項(xiàng)研究還表明選學(xué)理科課程的大學(xué)生數(shù)量在持續(xù)下降。
劃線詞的詞義是“穩(wěn)定的，持續(xù)的”。
A項(xiàng)relative意為相關(guān)的。例句：The teacher asked me some questions relative to my paper．老師問(wèn)了我一些和我的論文有關(guān)的問(wèn)題。
B項(xiàng)general意為總的。例句：I get the general impression that they aren’t very happy．我對(duì)他們的總體印象是他們過(guò)得并不是很幸福。
C項(xiàng)continuous意為連續(xù)的。例句：The atmosphere is a continuous layer of gases．大氣圈是連續(xù)的氣體層。
D項(xiàng)sharp意思為急劇的。例句：The car turned sharp left．那部車向左急轉(zhuǎn)彎。
很明顯C項(xiàng)正確。
13．C【解析】題意：不知什么原因，這項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)動(dòng)變得非常流行。
劃線詞obscure詞義為“不清楚的，不明了的”。
A項(xiàng)obvious意為明顯的。例句：It is obvious that she is very clever．很明顯，她挺聰明。
B項(xiàng)major意為較大的，主要的。例句：The city holds the major portion of the population in the country．那個(gè)城市聚集了全國(guó)大部分人口。
C項(xiàng)unclear意為不清楚的。例句：Reason of the attack remains unclear．攻擊的原因仍不清楚。
D項(xiàng)minor意為較小的，不重要的。例句：We can only make minor concessions，but it might
break the deadlock．我們只能做些較小的讓步，但這就可能打破僵局。
很明顯C項(xiàng)正確。
14．C【解析】題意：入侵的決定引起了*的風(fēng)暴。
劃線詞provoke的詞義為“引起，激發(fā)”。
A項(xiàng)ignore意為忽視。例句：If there’S one meal that is ignored nowadays，it is breakfast．如果有一頓飯被忽視的話，那就是早餐。
B項(xiàng)organize意為組織。例句：The meeting was badly organized．會(huì)議組織得很糟。
C項(xiàng)cause意為引起，使發(fā)生。例句：Many diseases are caused by bacteria．許多疾病是由細(xì)菌引起的。
D項(xiàng)receive意為收到。例句：He must start to question the received opinions．他必須開(kāi)始質(zhì)疑自己已經(jīng)接受的觀點(diǎn)。
很明顯C項(xiàng)正確。
15．D【解析】題意：福雷斯特盯著他的車，氣得發(fā)抖。
劃線詞的詞義是“發(fā)抖，戰(zhàn)栗”。
A項(xiàng)turn意為轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，例句：Turning to the left of me，I glimpsed the quays，the harbor．我把頭轉(zhuǎn)向左方，一眼望見(jiàn)了港口的碼頭。
B項(xiàng)jump意為跳躍，例句：Jumping and throwing have different competing arenas．跳躍和投擲項(xiàng)目的競(jìng)技場(chǎng)所不同。
C項(xiàng)shout意為吶喊，例句：He was slapped for his shouting．他因大喊大叫而受到斥責(zé)。
D項(xiàng)shake意為發(fā)抖，戰(zhàn)栗，例句：His voice shook with fear．他害怕得聲音發(fā)抖。
很明顯D項(xiàng)正確。
第2 部分：閱讀判斷
16 、B 短文第一、二句已明確回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，病人需要stop的是 lying around，而不是 moving around。
17 、C 短文自始至終都沒(méi)有提到引起頭痛的原因是什么。
18 、A 第二段中間說(shuō)到，缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)就難以減少疼痛部位的壓力，所以需要運(yùn)動(dòng)。
19 、B 第二段后一句說(shuō)，研究者們目前正在尋找能夠使身體中維持理想水平的內(nèi)啡肽藥物，因此它不可能是現(xiàn)在醫(yī)生經(jīng)常開(kāi)給病人的藥。
20 、A 第三段第二句說(shuō)到，因?yàn)檎页霰惩吹脑蚝芾щy，所以背痛病人終只能服用更大劑量或幾種不同的藥物。
21 、A 后一段列舉了許多讓病人進(jìn)行身體活動(dòng)的方法，并在后一句指出，這樣治療的病人要比傳統(tǒng)治療恢復(fù)得更快。
22 、B 第四段說(shuō)到，他們只是在要求病人進(jìn)行身體活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上盡量減少服藥，或者好避免服藥，而沒(méi)有要求病人完全停止服藥。
第3 部分：概括大意與完成句子
23 、D 短文第三句就點(diǎn)出了本段的主題，并且對(duì)于我們?yōu)槭裁葱枰X(jué)做出回答。
24 、E 本段的主題就在第二句，并且指出，究竟是當(dāng)貓頭鷹還是當(dāng)云雀主要與生活方式、年齡和個(gè)性有關(guān)。
25 、C 本段首先對(duì)比了貓頭鷹式和云雀式兩種不同的生活方式，但孰優(yōu)孰劣并不作比較，只 是提出“根據(jù)自己的T作、娛樂(lè)過(guò)著充實(shí)的生活井有充足的睡眠讓你精力充沛才是關(guān)鍵"。
26 、A 后一段列舉了一些需要注意的事物：午睡可視個(gè)人具體情況而定，避免攝人具有刺激性的物品如飲酒、抽煙、喝咖啡等。
27 、F 第一段第三句就說(shuō)到“睡眠是為了讓我們的大腦能夠整理白天所記憶的東西”。
28 、D 第二段第三句說(shuō)到，帶著小孩的父母就容易成為早起者。
29 、A 第三段后一句的大意正是“過(guò)著健康的生活，讓充足的睡眠為你帶來(lái)充沛的精力”。
30 、B 短文后一句就說(shuō)到，“對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，我們的忠告就是不要在晚上喝咖啡”。
第4 部分：閱讀理解
31 、C 本題的答題依據(jù)是文章開(kāi)頭的這句話：Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to access it. 人人都有想象力，只是成年后，我們就忘了如 何取得想象力 （access it）。文章的目的就是教給成年人幾種獲得想象力的技巧，所以說(shuō)成年人還是可以學(xué)會(huì)怎么樣更加富有創(chuàng)意的。
32 、B 從第二段的這兩句話 First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. 可以找到答案。蠟 燭只是一個(gè)例子。
33 、A 第三段的第一句話 Imagine that normal limitations don't exist. You have as much time/space/ money, etc. as you want. 是本題的答題依據(jù)。
34 、B put yourself in their shoes 是英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)成語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“設(shè)身處地”。
35 、C 第三種技巧就是Look at the situation from a different point of view. 作者舉了談判者和小說(shuō)家為例。推銷員如要成用這一技巧就應(yīng)該把自己置于顧客的位置上，問(wèn)一問(wèn)他們的需要是什么。
36 、B 第一段第三句說(shuō)到，“免疫系統(tǒng)的這些細(xì)胞來(lái)回傳遞信息就像蜂群圍繞峰巢飛跑一樣”。
37 、D 第二段中間說(shuō)，“免疫細(xì)胞與身體其他細(xì)胞在自我耐受的狀態(tài)下和平共處”。
38 、A 第二段的中后部說(shuō)到，“抗原以其自身從表面突出來(lái)的復(fù)雜而有特色的形狀表明自己是一種異體物”，免疫細(xì)胞自然很容易識(shí)別它們。
39 、B 第三段第一句說(shuō)，“任何能夠激起免疫反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)就稱為抗原”。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)不是與短文所說(shuō)不符就是短文沒(méi)有提到。
40 、A 文章的題目是“免疫功能”。第二段第一句可以概括短文的中心思想，選項(xiàng) A 正是該句的意思。
41 、A 從第一段的前半部我們就可以知道，全球之所以重視這個(gè)問(wèn)題就是因?yàn)橛锌赡苊鎸?duì) 它束手無(wú)策——對(duì)它無(wú)藥可治。
42 、D prudent 意為“謹(jǐn)慎的”，careful 意為 “小心的”，“小心”與“謹(jǐn)慎”自然是同一概念。
43 、A 本題答案存在于第二段第一句，該句正是選項(xiàng) A 的內(nèi)容。
44 、A 選項(xiàng) B、C、D 的內(nèi)容在第五段中都提及，只有選項(xiàng) A 的內(nèi)容(“不許醫(yī)院儲(chǔ)存超過(guò)醫(yī)院使用量的抗生素”)文章中并未提到。
45 、B 通讀全篇短文以后我們知道，目前人類還沒(méi)有找到解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法，所以還需繼續(xù)研究。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)短文均未提到。
第5 部分：補(bǔ)全短文
46 、D 這里填入的內(nèi)容：The term comes from the activity of the ice age. 是對(duì)上一句中出現(xiàn) 的 drowned coastline 這一名稱由來(lái)的解釋。
47 、B 前面一句話：The highest parts of the former mountain range，nearest the shore, remained as islands. 說(shuō)了先前靠海岸的山脈的頂部變成了島嶼，下面一句很自然就說(shuō)：Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all the islands left behind by the glacier.
48 、F 前面一句話是：Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. 下面一句便解釋它是怎么形成兩個(gè)島嶼的：It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow Stretch of water, seven miles long.
49 、A 前面一句介紹了 Mt. Desert Island 所處的地理位置和它為動(dòng)植物提供的生存條件，下面一句再解釋它還是一條鳥(niǎo)類移居的主要通道和許多鳥(niǎo)類的棲身之地。
50 、E This mountain回指前面的 Cadillac Mountain. 句子對(duì)它的高度做了描述。
第6 部分：完形填空
51 、B 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選擇 B 項(xiàng)意思才能說(shuō)得通。
52 、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 D 項(xiàng)從語(yǔ)法上和意思上適合填在這里。B 項(xiàng)、C 項(xiàng)雖有“保持”的意思，但都是及物動(dòng)詞，A 項(xiàng)雖可當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞使用，但意思不對(duì)。
53 、B 前面提到南歐和東歐，而后面的希臘、波蘭和烏克蘭就屬于南歐和東歐，顯然這里是要強(qiáng)調(diào)這三個(gè)國(guó)家。如果選擇 C 項(xiàng)則似乎只、涉及這三個(gè)國(guó)家，從上下文分析并不是這種情況。
54 、B 答題時(shí)要注意與此空白處并列的另一個(gè)表語(yǔ) widespread，它提示了答題者必須選擇active。
55 、B 從語(yǔ)法上分析，這里應(yīng)是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)；從上下文意思分析，應(yīng)該是帶有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思，however 正可以完成這個(gè)功能。
56 、D 從語(yǔ)法上分析，這里又是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該是起著補(bǔ)充作用的意思，因此選擇 D 項(xiàng) 恰當(dāng)，其他選項(xiàng)都不符合上下文的意思。
57 、C 首先要注意介詞后面的賓話是 coast，它提示了選擇 along 比較恰當(dāng)。
58 、A 從上下文意思看，只能選擇suggest 才恰當(dāng)，因?yàn)檫@里的 suggest 并不是“提議、建 議”的意思，而是“暗示、表明”的意思，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有這個(gè)詞義。
59 、D 本空白處的前后是 “已經(jīng)渡過(guò)了傳染的……期”，顯然應(yīng)該選擇peak 才恰當(dāng)，其他選項(xiàng)在這里都說(shuō)不通。
60 、A 由于空白處后面有 to baseline levels，而 baseline levels 肯定是原來(lái)就存在的，所以選擇 returned 恰當(dāng)。
61 、A 答題時(shí)要注意 but 這個(gè)詞的提示作用，前面說(shuō) remains active，那 but 后面的意思一定與之相反，故應(yīng)該選擇 declining。
62 、C 空白處后面的 one month ago 提示了選擇 over 比較恰當(dāng)，這里的 over 是 “more than”的意思，整個(gè)短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，意為“一個(gè)多月前”。
63 、D 2009 年的流感傳播幾乎是全球性的，北美也不例外，因此，從上下文看還是 remains恰當(dāng)。如果選擇 becomes，似乎原來(lái)就不是 widespread，不合適。
64 、D 顯然，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 activity 可以填在這里，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都無(wú)法與前后的詞搭配。
65 、A 空白處前面說(shuō)，大部分地區(qū)已經(jīng)下降或維持不變，那么后面少數(shù)國(guó)家的增加一定是 例外，因此選擇 except 與 for 搭配，正好表示“除了……外”的意思。
下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義為接近的選項(xiàng)。
1．1 wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse．
A．a(chǎn)fraid
B．a(chǎn)nxious
C．sure
D．sad
2．She always finds fault with everything
A．simplifies
B．criticizes
C．evaluates
D．examines
3．At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened．
A．give
B．a(chǎn)ttach
C．lose
D．understand
4．I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch．
A．instructing
B．pushing
C．notifying
D．inviting
5．Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours．
A．stand
B．spend
C．take
D．1ast
6．The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced．
A．suddenly
B．greatly
C．generally
D．slightly
7．Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do．
A．saying
B．doubting
C．thinking
D．knowing
8．At 80，Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris．
A．happy
B．energetic
C．a(chǎn)lone
D．busv
9．A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children．
A．reported
B．proved
C．caught
D．praised
10．He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non—polluting energy source．
A．maintained
B．recommended
C．considered
D．a(chǎn)cknowledged
11．It is possible to approach the problem in a different way．
A．handle
B．raise
C．pose
D．experience
12．The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses．
A．relative
B．general
C．continuous
D．shard
13．For some obscure reason，the simple game is becoming very popular．
A．obvious
B．major
C．unclear
D．minor
14．The decision to invade provoked storms of protest．
A．ignored
B．organized
C．caused
D．received
15．Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage．
A．turning
B．jumping
C．shouting
D．shaking
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。
Relieving the Pain
"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain," say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. "People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising."The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.
Lumber (腰部的)pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary(久坐不動(dòng)的) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(內(nèi)啡肽) , the body's "feel-good" chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.
Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or series of different drugs. "It's crazy," says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. "Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. I've just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."
A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.
In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercise, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice t'ai chi(太極) self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a half hours physiotherapy(理療) a week in a traditional hospital program. "The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence," explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. "Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner that those subjected to more conservative treatment."
16 To treat pain, patients should stop moving around.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
17 Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
18 Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
19 Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
20 Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
21 Exercises helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
22 New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2-5段每段選擇1個(gè)佳標(biāo)題；(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)佳選項(xiàng)。
Owls and Larks(貓頭鷹與云雀)
1 In this article, we look at the importance of sleep for learning. Most healthy adults need eight or more hours of sleep. But why do we need sleep in the first place? We need sleep for the brain to get a chance to rebuild memories stored during the day and associate these with previously learned things. If this process is interrupted by, say, the sound of an alarm clock, it may not be as effective. So if your sleep is cut short by the alarm clock, how damaging is it? The truth is that it's difficult to predict, as so much depends on how much sleep your body actually needs on that particular occasion.
2 The popular belief that people are naturally either larks (early risers) or owls is false. The reason why people tend to be one or the other has more to do with lifestyle, age, and personality. Many people who appear to be early birds may have just become so through habit, for example, parents with very young children. Teenagers can have difficulty falling asleep until late at night and then they naturally have problems getting up the following morning.
3 The main reason why owls are owls is that they tend to spend their time over a book, movie, or computer game till the early hours of the morning. They enjoy the quiet of the night when they can pursue their passion. On the other hand, larks can make better use of early morning hours where they can study in quiet at the time when their brains are most refreshed. So which is better for learning-an owl's or a lark's lifestyle? The simple truth is that it is more complex than simply being one or the other. Leading a well-balanced life in terms of work and play and sleeping enough to bring maximum refreshment is probably the secret.
4 As for naps, experts on insomnia(失眠)argue against taking naps, as these may keep people up at night. If your nap lasts only five minutes to half an hour and does not affect your ability to fall asleep in the night, it will probably help you be more alert in evening hours. However, if you are having problems getting to sleep at night, it's not only naps that you should avoid. Try not to drink a lot of alcohol, take nicotine(尼古丁), do mentally intense activities like preparing for exams or doing exercise in the evening. Some people swear that drinking coffee never stops them from sleeping like a log, whereas others will never go near the stuff for fear of being awake all night. However, the best advice for most is to avoid it in the evening, and if you drink coffee before a nap, remember you are likely to awaken as soon as the caffeine starts kicking in.
23 Paragraph 1 _________
24 Paragraph 2 _________
25 Paragraph 3 _________
26 Paragraph 4 _________
A What should we avoid?
B How much sleep do we need?
C Which is better, being an owl or a lark?
D Why do we need sleep?
E What makes people owls or larks?
F What helps us fall asleep?
27 Sleep helps brain to _________.
28 Parents with very young children tend to _________
29 A good lifestyle means one can _________.
30 It is good advice for most people to _________.
A sleep enough to bring most refreshment
B keep away from coffee in the evening
C stay up till the early hours of the morning
D get up quite early
E store memories in the brain
F rebuild memories stored during the day
第4部分：閱讀理解(第3l～45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,為每題確定1個(gè)佳選項(xiàng)。
第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (掃描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often
31 People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that
A they're popular
B they're useful
C they're convenient
D they're cheap
32 The world "detected" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by
A cured
B removed
C discovered
D caused
33 The salesman retired young because
A he couldn't remember simple tasks
B he disliked using mobile phones
C he was tired of talking on his mobile phone
D his employer's doctor persuaded him to
34. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies
A hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about
B deny the existence of mobile phone radiation
C develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation
D try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health
35 The writer's purpose of writing this article is to advise people
A to buy mobile phones
B to use mobile phones less often
C to update regular phones
D to stop using mobile phones
第二篇 Immune Functions
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication network consulting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive(蜂巢). The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-omitting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign of nonself molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders (入侵者). Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule, the system has the ability to "remember" the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies(抗體)passed during lactation(授乳期), this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must "learn" from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes (微生物) in which we live, learning necessitates producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader.
Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen (抗原). Antigens are not to be confused with allergens (過(guò)敏原)，which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual (except an identical win, whose cells carry identical self makers act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, nonantigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes (抗原表位), which protrude (突出) from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitomes on their surface, some may even carry several hundred. Some epitomes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.
36 What is used to describe the communication network consisting of cells in the immune system?
A The immune system's memory.
B Bees flying around a hive.
C Immune troops eliminating intruders.
D A sea of microbes.
37 The immune cells and other cells in the body coexist peaceably in a state known as
A balance.
B harmony.
C tolerance.
D self-tolerance.
38 How do the immune cells recognize an antigen as "foreign" or "nonself"?
A Through characteristic shapes on the antigen surface.
B Through an allergic response.
C Through blood type.
D Through fine hairs protruding from the antigen surface.
39 Which of the following statements is true?
A Allergens are usually harmful substances.
B Antigens can trigger an immune response.
C People with antigens do not suffer from obvious responses.
D There is no difference between an antigen and an allergen.
40 Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage?
A The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and nonself.
B An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response.
C One of the immune system's primary functions is the allergic response.
D The human body is an appropriate habitat for microbes.
第三篇 Be Alert to Antimicrobial（抗微生物的）Resistance
The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics (抗生素) normally used for their treatment (multi-drug resistant bacteria), so pose particular difficulties, as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains (菌株) and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics, reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
An article published in 7"he Lancet Infectious Diseases on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost/all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3 (antimicrobial resistance), and, in particular, has raised awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.
While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control.
Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers, managers of hospitals, patients, as well as national governments, the pharmaceutical (制藥的) industry, and international agencies.
WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures, including the use of hand-washing measures, particularly in healthcare facilities.
Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries, and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce- transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.
WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO's World Health Day 2011.
41 Antimicrobial residence has become a global public health issue because
A there may be few or no treatment to infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.
B new antibiotics are too expensive for poor countries.
C infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria have killed a lot of people.
D scientists know nothing about multi-drug resistant bacteria.
42 The word "prudent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A unwise.
B wasteful.
C widespread.
D careful.
43 The article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that
A some bacteria have developed a new gene to resist almost all antibiotics.
B a new multi-drug resistant bacterium has appeared.
C some infections are caused by antibiotics.
D some countries are successful in controlling multi-drug resistant microorganisms.
44 WHO recommends governments to focus on the following areas EXCEPT
A keeping hospitals from storing more antibiotics than they can use.
B education on the use of antibiotics.
C control of antibiotic use.
D introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics.
45 We learn from the passage that
A antimicrobial resistance was not noticed until 2010.
B further study is needed to deal with the transmission of multi-drug resistant bacteria.
C without WHO, no country will be safer in the war against antimicrobial resistance.
D WHO will focus its prevention and control efforts in poor countries.
第5 部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46-50 題，每題2 分，共10 分）
下面的短文有5 處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。
Mt. Desert Island
The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline.____(46) At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier (冰川)descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.
As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons (咸水湖).The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. ____(47) Marine fossils found here 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.
The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands.____(48)
For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate (溫帶) and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine (高山的) plants.____(49) The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.
The best view on Mt. Desert island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain.___(50)From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by retreating glacier.
A It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.
B Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier.
C The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves.
D The term comes from the activity of the ice age.
E This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.
F It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)佳選項(xiàng)。
Pandemic (大面積流行的) H1N1 2009
The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern Europe. Focal(集中的) increases in rates during recent weeks were ______(51) in at least two eastern European countries. A high intensity of respiratory(呼吸道) diseases activity with concurrent(同時(shí)存在的) circulation of pandemic influenza still ______ (52) in parts of southern and eastern Europe, ______(53) in Greece, Poland, and Ukraine.
In Western Europe, influenza transmission remains ______(54) active and widespread, but overall disease activity has peaked. All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1N1 2009, ______(55), very small numbers of seasonal influenza viruses, covering less than 1% of all influenza viruses found, were reported in Russia. In ______(56), limited available data indicate that active, high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries ______(57) the Mediterranean coast.
In Central Asia, limited data ______(58) that influenza virus circulation remains active, but transmission may have recently peaked in some places. In West Asia, Israel, Iran, and Iraq also appear to have passed their ______(59) period of transmission within the past month, though both areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet ______(60) to baseline levels. In East Asia, influenza transmission remains active but appears to be ______(61) overall. Slight increases in ILI were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity ______(62) one month ago.
In North America, influenza transmission ______(63) widespread but has declined quickly in all countries. In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean, influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease ______(64) has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts, ______(65) for focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries.
51. A expected B reported C marked D caused
52. A plays B keeps C maintains D exists
53. A usually B particularly C exactly D completely
54. A inactive B active C faithful D unaffected
55. A yet B however C still D until
56. A fact B general C total D addition
57. A beside B at C along D around
58. A suggest B advise C propose D recommend
59. A brief B late C long D peak
60. A returned B led C brought D turned
61. A declining B rising C balancing D jumping
62. A above B from C over D since
63. A seems B expands C becomes D remains
64. A picture B performance C quality D activity
65. A except B as C all D and
2011年全國(guó)職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題答案衛(wèi)生類（A級(jí)）
第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)
1．A【解析】題意：我想約她出來(lái)但是害怕她有可能拒絕。
劃線詞scared意思是“吃驚的、害怕的”。
A項(xiàng)afraid擔(dān)心，害怕。例句：I’m afraid that I will be late．我擔(dān)心我要遲到了。
B項(xiàng)anxious憂慮。例句：I’m very anxious about the speech contest．我對(duì)此次演講比賽十分憂慮。
C項(xiàng)sure肯定。例句：I think you are not quite sure about it．我認(rèn)為，你們對(duì)這一點(diǎn)并不能完全肯定。
D項(xiàng)sad悲傷。例句：Her eyes moistened as she listened to the sad story．聽(tīng)著這悲傷的故事，她的眼睛濕潤(rùn)了。
很明顯A項(xiàng)正確。
2．B【解析】題意：她總是事事加以非難(挑剔)。
劃線部分find fault with即可。fault的意思是“挑剔，找毛病，批評(píng)”。
A項(xiàng)simplify簡(jiǎn)化。例句：That will simplify my task．那可簡(jiǎn)化了我的工作。
B項(xiàng)criticize批評(píng)。例句：You should not criticize him so harshly in his face．你不應(yīng)該當(dāng)面這么嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)他。
C項(xiàng)evaluate評(píng)價(jià)。例句：Let’s evaluate the evidence．讓我們?cè)u(píng)定一下此證據(jù)的價(jià)值。
D項(xiàng)examine調(diào)查，考試。例句：It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out．有必要調(diào)查一下怎樣才能實(shí)施這些方案。
很明顯B項(xiàng)正確。
3．D【解析】題意：當(dāng)時(shí)，我們沒(méi)有理解所發(fā)生事情的重要性。
劃線詞grasp的意思是“領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解”。
A項(xiàng)give意為給。例句：Have you given the waiter a tip?你給侍者小費(fèi)了嗎?
B項(xiàng)attach意為附上，加上。例句：I attach a copy of my notes for your information．
我附上筆記一份供你參考。
C項(xiàng)lose意為丟失，喪失。例句：I lost my wallet yesterday．我昨天丟了錢包。
D項(xiàng)understand意為理解，領(lǐng)悟。例句：I don’t understand what you’re talking about．我不明白你在說(shuō)什么。
很明顯D項(xiàng)正確。
4．B【解析】題意：我從Moira那里得到一張便條，催促我盡快聯(lián)系。
劃線詞urge的詞義為“催促”。
A項(xiàng)instruct意為教導(dǎo)，指示。例句：His uncle instructed him in French．他的叔叔教他法語(yǔ)。
B項(xiàng)push意為催促。例句：You’d better not push me for an answer to your request．你好不要催促我答復(fù)你的請(qǐng)求。
C項(xiàng)notify意為宣告，通知。例句：Please notify us of any change of address．地址如有變動(dòng)，請(qǐng)通知我們。
D項(xiàng)invite意為邀請(qǐng)。例句：She showed me her gratitude by inviting me to dinner．她邀請(qǐng)我吃晚飯以表示感謝。
很明顯B項(xiàng)正確。
5．A【解析】題意：簡(jiǎn)說(shuō)她無(wú)法忍受這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
劃線詞tolerate的詞義是“容忍”。
A項(xiàng)stand意為站立，忍受。例句：I don’t think the chair is firm enough to stand on．我覺(jué)得這椅子不夠穩(wěn)固，不能站人。
B項(xiàng)spend意為花費(fèi)。例句：You really shouldn’t spend so much effort on it．你真不該在這件事上花費(fèi)這么大的精力。
C項(xiàng)take意為拿，取。例句：Please take the trash to the garbage carl．請(qǐng)將垃圾扔到垃圾筒里去。
D項(xiàng)last意為持續(xù)。例句：The hot weather lasted until September．炎熱的天氣持續(xù)到九月。
很明顯A項(xiàng)正確。
6．B【解析】題意：海龜?shù)淖匀簧姝h(huán)境大大的惡化了。
劃線詞的意思為“相當(dāng)大的”。
A項(xiàng)suddenly意為突然地。例句：Suddenly he began to shriek loudly．突然他開(kāi)始大聲尖叫起來(lái)。
B項(xiàng)greatly意為大大地。例句：His writing has improved greatly in this semester．這學(xué)期他的寫作有了很大進(jìn)步。
C項(xiàng)generally意為一般地。例句：Generally speaking，this is impossible．一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這是不可能的。
D項(xiàng)slightly意為輕微地。例句：He is slightly drunk．他有些醉了。
很明顯B項(xiàng)正確。
7．A【解析】題意：安德森離開(kāi)了桌子，同時(shí)說(shuō)道他有些工作要去做。
劃線詞remark的意思是“說(shuō)，講”。
A項(xiàng)say意為說(shuō)。例句：Be quiet，I’ve something to say to you．安靜，我有話要對(duì)你們講。
B項(xiàng)doubt意為懷疑。例句：I doubt the truth of it．我懷疑此事的真實(shí)程度。
C項(xiàng)think意為想。例句：Independent thinking is an absolute necessity．獨(dú)立思考是絕對(duì)必要的。
D項(xiàng)know意為知道。例句：There’s no knowing what they will d0．沒(méi)法知道他們會(huì)做些什么。
很明顯A項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。
8．B【解析】題意：佩克八十歲時(shí)仍然精力旺盛地生活在巴黎。
劃線詞的詞義為“精力旺盛的”。
A項(xiàng)happy意為幸福的。例句：The old couple have a happy life．那對(duì)老夫婦過(guò)著幸福的生活。
B項(xiàng)energetic意為精力旺盛的。例句：His son is an energetic child．他的兒子是個(gè)精力旺盛的孩子。
C項(xiàng)alone意為單獨(dú)的。例句：No one knows why he is always alone．沒(méi)有人知道為什么他總是一個(gè)人。
D項(xiàng)busy意為繁忙的。例句：It seems that she has a busy day today．好像她今天很忙。
很明顯B項(xiàng)正確。
9．D【解析】題意：在營(yíng)救出兩名兒童之后，一年輕男子被歡呼擁立為英雄。
劃線詞hail的詞義是“向……歡呼致賀”。
A項(xiàng)report意為報(bào)告。例句：It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident．這次事故據(jù)說(shuō)有20人死亡。
B項(xiàng)prove意為證明。例句：The facts proved her assumption wrong．事實(shí)證明她的設(shè)想是錯(cuò)的。
C項(xiàng)catch意為抓住。例句：I caught him peeping at my paper．他偷看我的論文讓我當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住了。
D項(xiàng)praise意為稱贊，表?yè)P(yáng)。例句：The teacher praised her for her courage．老師贊揚(yáng)了她的勇氣。
很明顯D項(xiàng)正確。
10．A【解析】題意：他斷言核能是一種安全而又無(wú)污染的能源。
劃線詞的詞義為“主張，斷言”。
A項(xiàng)maintain意為主張，強(qiáng)調(diào)。例句：He maintains that there are no short cuts to effective management．他斷言，有效的管理沒(méi)有捷徑可走。
B項(xiàng)recommend意為推薦。例句：I recommended(you)meeting him first．我建議(你)先見(jiàn)見(jiàn)他。
C項(xiàng)consider意為考慮。例句：Please take time to consider the problem．請(qǐng)仔細(xì)考慮一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
D項(xiàng)acknowledge意為承認(rèn)。例句：He is unwilling to acknowledge defeat．他不愿認(rèn)輸。
很明顯A項(xiàng)正確。
11．A【解析】題意：完全有可能以不同的方式來(lái)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
劃線詞的詞義為“處理，對(duì)待”。
A項(xiàng)handle意為處理。例句：I was impressed by her handling of the affair．我覺(jué)得她對(duì)此事的處理很了不起。
B項(xiàng)raise意為抬起，提高。例句：I’m glad you raise that point．你把那一點(diǎn)指出來(lái)，我很高興。
C項(xiàng)pose意為提出。例句：Allow me to pose several questions．允許我提出幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。
D項(xiàng)experience意為體驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷。例句：I have experienced that the sunrise can be SO beautiful．我發(fā)現(xiàn)日出真美。
很明顯A項(xiàng)正確。
12．C【解析】題意：該項(xiàng)研究還表明選學(xué)理科課程的大學(xué)生數(shù)量在持續(xù)下降。
劃線詞的詞義是“穩(wěn)定的，持續(xù)的”。
A項(xiàng)relative意為相關(guān)的。例句：The teacher asked me some questions relative to my paper．老師問(wèn)了我一些和我的論文有關(guān)的問(wèn)題。
B項(xiàng)general意為總的。例句：I get the general impression that they aren’t very happy．我對(duì)他們的總體印象是他們過(guò)得并不是很幸福。
C項(xiàng)continuous意為連續(xù)的。例句：The atmosphere is a continuous layer of gases．大氣圈是連續(xù)的氣體層。
D項(xiàng)sharp意思為急劇的。例句：The car turned sharp left．那部車向左急轉(zhuǎn)彎。
很明顯C項(xiàng)正確。
13．C【解析】題意：不知什么原因，這項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)動(dòng)變得非常流行。
劃線詞obscure詞義為“不清楚的，不明了的”。
A項(xiàng)obvious意為明顯的。例句：It is obvious that she is very clever．很明顯，她挺聰明。
B項(xiàng)major意為較大的，主要的。例句：The city holds the major portion of the population in the country．那個(gè)城市聚集了全國(guó)大部分人口。
C項(xiàng)unclear意為不清楚的。例句：Reason of the attack remains unclear．攻擊的原因仍不清楚。
D項(xiàng)minor意為較小的，不重要的。例句：We can only make minor concessions，but it might
break the deadlock．我們只能做些較小的讓步，但這就可能打破僵局。
很明顯C項(xiàng)正確。
14．C【解析】題意：入侵的決定引起了*的風(fēng)暴。
劃線詞provoke的詞義為“引起，激發(fā)”。
A項(xiàng)ignore意為忽視。例句：If there’S one meal that is ignored nowadays，it is breakfast．如果有一頓飯被忽視的話，那就是早餐。
B項(xiàng)organize意為組織。例句：The meeting was badly organized．會(huì)議組織得很糟。
C項(xiàng)cause意為引起，使發(fā)生。例句：Many diseases are caused by bacteria．許多疾病是由細(xì)菌引起的。
D項(xiàng)receive意為收到。例句：He must start to question the received opinions．他必須開(kāi)始質(zhì)疑自己已經(jīng)接受的觀點(diǎn)。
很明顯C項(xiàng)正確。
15．D【解析】題意：福雷斯特盯著他的車，氣得發(fā)抖。
劃線詞的詞義是“發(fā)抖，戰(zhàn)栗”。
A項(xiàng)turn意為轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，例句：Turning to the left of me，I glimpsed the quays，the harbor．我把頭轉(zhuǎn)向左方，一眼望見(jiàn)了港口的碼頭。
B項(xiàng)jump意為跳躍，例句：Jumping and throwing have different competing arenas．跳躍和投擲項(xiàng)目的競(jìng)技場(chǎng)所不同。
C項(xiàng)shout意為吶喊，例句：He was slapped for his shouting．他因大喊大叫而受到斥責(zé)。
D項(xiàng)shake意為發(fā)抖，戰(zhàn)栗，例句：His voice shook with fear．他害怕得聲音發(fā)抖。
很明顯D項(xiàng)正確。
第2 部分：閱讀判斷
16 、B 短文第一、二句已明確回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，病人需要stop的是 lying around，而不是 moving around。
17 、C 短文自始至終都沒(méi)有提到引起頭痛的原因是什么。
18 、A 第二段中間說(shuō)到，缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)就難以減少疼痛部位的壓力，所以需要運(yùn)動(dòng)。
19 、B 第二段后一句說(shuō)，研究者們目前正在尋找能夠使身體中維持理想水平的內(nèi)啡肽藥物，因此它不可能是現(xiàn)在醫(yī)生經(jīng)常開(kāi)給病人的藥。
20 、A 第三段第二句說(shuō)到，因?yàn)檎页霰惩吹脑蚝芾щy，所以背痛病人終只能服用更大劑量或幾種不同的藥物。
21 、A 后一段列舉了許多讓病人進(jìn)行身體活動(dòng)的方法，并在后一句指出，這樣治療的病人要比傳統(tǒng)治療恢復(fù)得更快。
22 、B 第四段說(shuō)到，他們只是在要求病人進(jìn)行身體活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上盡量減少服藥，或者好避免服藥，而沒(méi)有要求病人完全停止服藥。
第3 部分：概括大意與完成句子
23 、D 短文第三句就點(diǎn)出了本段的主題，并且對(duì)于我們?yōu)槭裁葱枰X(jué)做出回答。
24 、E 本段的主題就在第二句，并且指出，究竟是當(dāng)貓頭鷹還是當(dāng)云雀主要與生活方式、年齡和個(gè)性有關(guān)。
25 、C 本段首先對(duì)比了貓頭鷹式和云雀式兩種不同的生活方式，但孰優(yōu)孰劣并不作比較，只 是提出“根據(jù)自己的T作、娛樂(lè)過(guò)著充實(shí)的生活井有充足的睡眠讓你精力充沛才是關(guān)鍵"。
26 、A 后一段列舉了一些需要注意的事物：午睡可視個(gè)人具體情況而定，避免攝人具有刺激性的物品如飲酒、抽煙、喝咖啡等。
27 、F 第一段第三句就說(shuō)到“睡眠是為了讓我們的大腦能夠整理白天所記憶的東西”。
28 、D 第二段第三句說(shuō)到，帶著小孩的父母就容易成為早起者。
29 、A 第三段后一句的大意正是“過(guò)著健康的生活，讓充足的睡眠為你帶來(lái)充沛的精力”。
30 、B 短文后一句就說(shuō)到，“對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，我們的忠告就是不要在晚上喝咖啡”。
第4 部分：閱讀理解
31 、C 本題的答題依據(jù)是文章開(kāi)頭的這句話：Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to access it. 人人都有想象力，只是成年后，我們就忘了如 何取得想象力 （access it）。文章的目的就是教給成年人幾種獲得想象力的技巧，所以說(shuō)成年人還是可以學(xué)會(huì)怎么樣更加富有創(chuàng)意的。
32 、B 從第二段的這兩句話 First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. 可以找到答案。蠟 燭只是一個(gè)例子。
33 、A 第三段的第一句話 Imagine that normal limitations don't exist. You have as much time/space/ money, etc. as you want. 是本題的答題依據(jù)。
34 、B put yourself in their shoes 是英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)成語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“設(shè)身處地”。
35 、C 第三種技巧就是Look at the situation from a different point of view. 作者舉了談判者和小說(shuō)家為例。推銷員如要成用這一技巧就應(yīng)該把自己置于顧客的位置上，問(wèn)一問(wèn)他們的需要是什么。
36 、B 第一段第三句說(shuō)到，“免疫系統(tǒng)的這些細(xì)胞來(lái)回傳遞信息就像蜂群圍繞峰巢飛跑一樣”。
37 、D 第二段中間說(shuō)，“免疫細(xì)胞與身體其他細(xì)胞在自我耐受的狀態(tài)下和平共處”。
38 、A 第二段的中后部說(shuō)到，“抗原以其自身從表面突出來(lái)的復(fù)雜而有特色的形狀表明自己是一種異體物”，免疫細(xì)胞自然很容易識(shí)別它們。
39 、B 第三段第一句說(shuō)，“任何能夠激起免疫反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)就稱為抗原”。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)不是與短文所說(shuō)不符就是短文沒(méi)有提到。
40 、A 文章的題目是“免疫功能”。第二段第一句可以概括短文的中心思想，選項(xiàng) A 正是該句的意思。
41 、A 從第一段的前半部我們就可以知道，全球之所以重視這個(gè)問(wèn)題就是因?yàn)橛锌赡苊鎸?duì) 它束手無(wú)策——對(duì)它無(wú)藥可治。
42 、D prudent 意為“謹(jǐn)慎的”，careful 意為 “小心的”，“小心”與“謹(jǐn)慎”自然是同一概念。
43 、A 本題答案存在于第二段第一句，該句正是選項(xiàng) A 的內(nèi)容。
44 、A 選項(xiàng) B、C、D 的內(nèi)容在第五段中都提及，只有選項(xiàng) A 的內(nèi)容(“不許醫(yī)院儲(chǔ)存超過(guò)醫(yī)院使用量的抗生素”)文章中并未提到。
45 、B 通讀全篇短文以后我們知道，目前人類還沒(méi)有找到解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法，所以還需繼續(xù)研究。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)短文均未提到。
第5 部分：補(bǔ)全短文
46 、D 這里填入的內(nèi)容：The term comes from the activity of the ice age. 是對(duì)上一句中出現(xiàn) 的 drowned coastline 這一名稱由來(lái)的解釋。
47 、B 前面一句話：The highest parts of the former mountain range，nearest the shore, remained as islands. 說(shuō)了先前靠海岸的山脈的頂部變成了島嶼，下面一句很自然就說(shuō)：Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all the islands left behind by the glacier.
48 、F 前面一句話是：Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. 下面一句便解釋它是怎么形成兩個(gè)島嶼的：It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow Stretch of water, seven miles long.
49 、A 前面一句介紹了 Mt. Desert Island 所處的地理位置和它為動(dòng)植物提供的生存條件，下面一句再解釋它還是一條鳥(niǎo)類移居的主要通道和許多鳥(niǎo)類的棲身之地。
50 、E This mountain回指前面的 Cadillac Mountain. 句子對(duì)它的高度做了描述。
第6 部分：完形填空
51 、B 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選擇 B 項(xiàng)意思才能說(shuō)得通。
52 、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 D 項(xiàng)從語(yǔ)法上和意思上適合填在這里。B 項(xiàng)、C 項(xiàng)雖有“保持”的意思，但都是及物動(dòng)詞，A 項(xiàng)雖可當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞使用，但意思不對(duì)。
53 、B 前面提到南歐和東歐，而后面的希臘、波蘭和烏克蘭就屬于南歐和東歐，顯然這里是要強(qiáng)調(diào)這三個(gè)國(guó)家。如果選擇 C 項(xiàng)則似乎只、涉及這三個(gè)國(guó)家，從上下文分析并不是這種情況。
54 、B 答題時(shí)要注意與此空白處并列的另一個(gè)表語(yǔ) widespread，它提示了答題者必須選擇active。
55 、B 從語(yǔ)法上分析，這里應(yīng)是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)；從上下文意思分析，應(yīng)該是帶有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思，however 正可以完成這個(gè)功能。
56 、D 從語(yǔ)法上分析，這里又是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該是起著補(bǔ)充作用的意思，因此選擇 D 項(xiàng) 恰當(dāng)，其他選項(xiàng)都不符合上下文的意思。
57 、C 首先要注意介詞后面的賓話是 coast，它提示了選擇 along 比較恰當(dāng)。
58 、A 從上下文意思看，只能選擇suggest 才恰當(dāng)，因?yàn)檫@里的 suggest 并不是“提議、建 議”的意思，而是“暗示、表明”的意思，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有這個(gè)詞義。
59 、D 本空白處的前后是 “已經(jīng)渡過(guò)了傳染的……期”，顯然應(yīng)該選擇peak 才恰當(dāng)，其他選項(xiàng)在這里都說(shuō)不通。
60 、A 由于空白處后面有 to baseline levels，而 baseline levels 肯定是原來(lái)就存在的，所以選擇 returned 恰當(dāng)。
61 、A 答題時(shí)要注意 but 這個(gè)詞的提示作用，前面說(shuō) remains active，那 but 后面的意思一定與之相反，故應(yīng)該選擇 declining。
62 、C 空白處后面的 one month ago 提示了選擇 over 比較恰當(dāng)，這里的 over 是 “more than”的意思，整個(gè)短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，意為“一個(gè)多月前”。
63 、D 2009 年的流感傳播幾乎是全球性的，北美也不例外，因此，從上下文看還是 remains恰當(dāng)。如果選擇 becomes，似乎原來(lái)就不是 widespread，不合適。
64 、D 顯然，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 activity 可以填在這里，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都無(wú)法與前后的詞搭配。
65 、A 空白處前面說(shuō)，大部分地區(qū)已經(jīng)下降或維持不變，那么后面少數(shù)國(guó)家的增加一定是 例外，因此選擇 except 與 for 搭配，正好表示“除了……外”的意思。