下面的短文有15處空白,請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)選項(xiàng)。 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities[氣候變化給不備城市帶來重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)]
A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao.She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and （51） development.She warns that many of the world‘s fast-growing urban areas,especially in developing countries.will likely suffer from the （52） of changing climate.Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to （53） emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.These gases are known to affect the atmosphere.
"Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound（54）to the growing cities of the world," says Romero Lankao. "But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents."
Cities are （55） sources of greenhouse gases.And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao‘s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable,and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term （56） .
The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater （57） for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat （58） paved cities more than surrounding areas.The impacts of such natural events can be more （59） in an urban environment.For example,a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution,causing widespread health problems.Poorer neighborhoods that may （60） basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads,are especially vulnerable to natural disasters.Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing （61） access to reliable drinking water,roads and basic services.
Local governments,therefore ,should take measures to （62） their residents."Unfortunately,they tend to move towards rhetoric （63） meaningful responses,Romero Lankao writes," They don‘t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning （64). They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact,many local governments are taking a hands—off approach." （65） ,she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities
51.（ ）
A urban
B industrial
C economic
D rural
[參考答案]A
[解析]根據(jù)前文的A new examination of urban policies,且全文都在談關(guān)于城市的問題,多次出現(xiàn)cities,urban,所以此處應(yīng)該選urban,表明Lanka0是一位環(huán)境變化與城市規(guī)劃方面的專家。故選A.
52.（ ）
A occasions
B impacts
C routines
D connections
[參考答案]B
[解析]此處的句意是"承受環(huán)境改變的……"。很顯然,此處應(yīng)該選擇有"影響、后果"等詞義的詞。備選項(xiàng)中A項(xiàng)occasions"場合、情況",B項(xiàng)impacts"影響",C項(xiàng)routines"慣例",D項(xiàng)connec— tions"聯(lián)系"。只有B項(xiàng)貼合句意,所以選B.
53.（ ）
A reduce
B increase
C study
D measure
[參考答案]A
[解析]本句的句意是：大部分城市都未能……二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的排放量。選項(xiàng)中只有reduee有"減少"的意思,因此A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)increase"增加",C項(xiàng)study"研究,學(xué)習(xí)",D項(xiàng)meas- ure"衡量,測量"用于此處均不合適。故本題選A.
54.（ ）
A threats
B interests
C implications
D differences
[參考答案]A
[解析]文章標(biāo)題為Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities,本句的意思與標(biāo)題呼應(yīng),因此當(dāng)填入與risks意思相近的詞,只有A項(xiàng)threats（威脅）合適,而B項(xiàng)interests"利益,興趣",C項(xiàng)implications"含義,暗示",D項(xiàng)differences"區(qū)別,差異"均不符合文意。故本題選A.
55.（ ）
A major
B repeatable
C doubeful
D useful
[參考答案]A
[解析]句意為：城市是溫室氣體的……來源。很顯然此處要選具有"主要"意思的詞匯,故選 major.B項(xiàng)repeatable"可重復(fù)的",C項(xiàng)doubtful"可疑的",D項(xiàng)useful"有用的"都不符合句意。故本題選A.
56.（ ）
A signs
B benefits
C chances
D planes
[參考答案]B
[解析]根據(jù)上下文可知城市具名最容易受到氣候變化的危害,所以Lankao建議地方政府要介入保護(hù)居民,而這會(huì)帶來即刻的長期的益處。因此B項(xiàng)benefits合適,而A項(xiàng)signs"跡象",C項(xiàng) chances"機(jī)會(huì)",D項(xiàng)plans"計(jì)劃"均不符合文意。故選B.
57.（ ）
A cost
B mornent
C risk
D speed
[參考答案]A
[解析]at the moment接of,意為"在……時(shí)刻"；risk一般也與0f搭配,at risk of意為"冒……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)"；at speed of意為"……的速度"。只有A項(xiàng)cost能與for搭配,at the cost for意為"以……為代價(jià)",此句意思是城市密集的建設(shè)模式和選址常常以居民面臨自然災(zāi)害為代價(jià)。所以本題選A.
58.（ ）
A locally
B heavily
C suddenly
D mildly
[參考答案]A
[解析]從more than后面的surrounding areas（周邊地區(qū)）可以看出相對比的一定是本地,所以選locally.而其他選項(xiàng)意思均不合適。故本題選A.
59.（ ）
A standard
B meaningful
C serious
D friendly
[參考答案]C
[解析]此處句意為：這類自然災(zāi)害的影響對城市環(huán)境而言更具……。后面一句緊接著舉例說明所帶來的影響。備選項(xiàng)的意思分別為A項(xiàng)"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的",B項(xiàng)"有意義的",C項(xiàng)"嚴(yán)重的",D項(xiàng)"友好的"。由句意和下文可知只能選serious,表示城市受到的影響更加嚴(yán)重。故本題選C.
60.（ ）
A provide
B lack
C update
D improve
[參考答案]B
[解析]此處句意為：長時(shí)間的熱浪可能使可憐的左鄰右里……基本的設(shè)施。災(zāi)難只能使人們?nèi)鄙傥镔Y,絕對不會(huì)是"提供"（A項(xiàng)）、"更新"（C項(xiàng)）或者"改進(jìn)"（D項(xiàng)）。所以選C項(xiàng)lack.
61.（ ）
A with
B without
C in
D on
[參考答案]B
[解析]此句承接上一句,仍是講缺少物資的窘境。所以此處選B項(xiàng)without.
62.（ ）
A identify
B educate
C protect
D evaluate
[參考答案]C
[解析]此處句意為：當(dāng)?shù)卣畱?yīng)該承擔(dān)起……其居民的責(zé)任。關(guān)于政府對居民的職責(zé)在前文第一段最后一句有表述too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents,所以此處選C項(xiàng)protect.
63.（ ）
A less than
B rather than
C more than
D better than
[參考答案]B
[解析]此處句意為：不幸的是,他們（政府）總是語言上的巨人,行動(dòng)上的矮子。在說和干之間表示政府的兩面性,應(yīng)該用rather than,表示"是……而不是……"。其他三個(gè)都是比較級,而不是表轉(zhuǎn)折。因此本題選B.
64.（ ）
A needs
B wastes
C areas
D resources
[參考答案]A
[解析]此處句意為：他們不加強(qiáng)建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以減少供暖和空調(diào)的……。根據(jù)后文的reduce automobile use,此處用"需求"比較適合。所以選A項(xiàng)needs.
65.（ ）
A Still
B However
C Moreover
D Thus
[參考答案]D
[解析]最后一句是是對前文的一個(gè)總結(jié)和結(jié)果陳述,所以選thus,表示因此。still意為"仍然,盡管如此",有轉(zhuǎn)折的意味；however做連詞意為"然而,但是",是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的常用連詞；moreover意為"此外,而且",表示更一步的說明或者補(bǔ)充。因此本題選D.
A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao.She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and （51） development.She warns that many of the world‘s fast-growing urban areas,especially in developing countries.will likely suffer from the （52） of changing climate.Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to （53） emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.These gases are known to affect the atmosphere.
"Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound（54）to the growing cities of the world," says Romero Lankao. "But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents."
Cities are （55） sources of greenhouse gases.And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao‘s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable,and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term （56） .
The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater （57） for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat （58） paved cities more than surrounding areas.The impacts of such natural events can be more （59） in an urban environment.For example,a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution,causing widespread health problems.Poorer neighborhoods that may （60） basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads,are especially vulnerable to natural disasters.Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing （61） access to reliable drinking water,roads and basic services.
Local governments,therefore ,should take measures to （62） their residents."Unfortunately,they tend to move towards rhetoric （63） meaningful responses,Romero Lankao writes," They don‘t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning （64). They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact,many local governments are taking a hands—off approach." （65） ,she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities
51.（ ）
A urban
B industrial
C economic
D rural
[參考答案]A
[解析]根據(jù)前文的A new examination of urban policies,且全文都在談關(guān)于城市的問題,多次出現(xiàn)cities,urban,所以此處應(yīng)該選urban,表明Lanka0是一位環(huán)境變化與城市規(guī)劃方面的專家。故選A.
52.（ ）
A occasions
B impacts
C routines
D connections
[參考答案]B
[解析]此處的句意是"承受環(huán)境改變的……"。很顯然,此處應(yīng)該選擇有"影響、后果"等詞義的詞。備選項(xiàng)中A項(xiàng)occasions"場合、情況",B項(xiàng)impacts"影響",C項(xiàng)routines"慣例",D項(xiàng)connec— tions"聯(lián)系"。只有B項(xiàng)貼合句意,所以選B.
53.（ ）
A reduce
B increase
C study
D measure
[參考答案]A
[解析]本句的句意是：大部分城市都未能……二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的排放量。選項(xiàng)中只有reduee有"減少"的意思,因此A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)increase"增加",C項(xiàng)study"研究,學(xué)習(xí)",D項(xiàng)meas- ure"衡量,測量"用于此處均不合適。故本題選A.
54.（ ）
A threats
B interests
C implications
D differences
[參考答案]A
[解析]文章標(biāo)題為Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities,本句的意思與標(biāo)題呼應(yīng),因此當(dāng)填入與risks意思相近的詞,只有A項(xiàng)threats（威脅）合適,而B項(xiàng)interests"利益,興趣",C項(xiàng)implications"含義,暗示",D項(xiàng)differences"區(qū)別,差異"均不符合文意。故本題選A.
55.（ ）
A major
B repeatable
C doubeful
D useful
[參考答案]A
[解析]句意為：城市是溫室氣體的……來源。很顯然此處要選具有"主要"意思的詞匯,故選 major.B項(xiàng)repeatable"可重復(fù)的",C項(xiàng)doubtful"可疑的",D項(xiàng)useful"有用的"都不符合句意。故本題選A.
56.（ ）
A signs
B benefits
C chances
D planes
[參考答案]B
[解析]根據(jù)上下文可知城市具名最容易受到氣候變化的危害,所以Lankao建議地方政府要介入保護(hù)居民,而這會(huì)帶來即刻的長期的益處。因此B項(xiàng)benefits合適,而A項(xiàng)signs"跡象",C項(xiàng) chances"機(jī)會(huì)",D項(xiàng)plans"計(jì)劃"均不符合文意。故選B.
57.（ ）
A cost
B mornent
C risk
D speed
[參考答案]A
[解析]at the moment接of,意為"在……時(shí)刻"；risk一般也與0f搭配,at risk of意為"冒……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)"；at speed of意為"……的速度"。只有A項(xiàng)cost能與for搭配,at the cost for意為"以……為代價(jià)",此句意思是城市密集的建設(shè)模式和選址常常以居民面臨自然災(zāi)害為代價(jià)。所以本題選A.
58.（ ）
A locally
B heavily
C suddenly
D mildly
[參考答案]A
[解析]從more than后面的surrounding areas（周邊地區(qū)）可以看出相對比的一定是本地,所以選locally.而其他選項(xiàng)意思均不合適。故本題選A.
59.（ ）
A standard
B meaningful
C serious
D friendly
[參考答案]C
[解析]此處句意為：這類自然災(zāi)害的影響對城市環(huán)境而言更具……。后面一句緊接著舉例說明所帶來的影響。備選項(xiàng)的意思分別為A項(xiàng)"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的",B項(xiàng)"有意義的",C項(xiàng)"嚴(yán)重的",D項(xiàng)"友好的"。由句意和下文可知只能選serious,表示城市受到的影響更加嚴(yán)重。故本題選C.
60.（ ）
A provide
B lack
C update
D improve
[參考答案]B
[解析]此處句意為：長時(shí)間的熱浪可能使可憐的左鄰右里……基本的設(shè)施。災(zāi)難只能使人們?nèi)鄙傥镔Y,絕對不會(huì)是"提供"（A項(xiàng)）、"更新"（C項(xiàng)）或者"改進(jìn)"（D項(xiàng)）。所以選C項(xiàng)lack.
61.（ ）
A with
B without
C in
D on
[參考答案]B
[解析]此句承接上一句,仍是講缺少物資的窘境。所以此處選B項(xiàng)without.
62.（ ）
A identify
B educate
C protect
D evaluate
[參考答案]C
[解析]此處句意為：當(dāng)?shù)卣畱?yīng)該承擔(dān)起……其居民的責(zé)任。關(guān)于政府對居民的職責(zé)在前文第一段最后一句有表述too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents,所以此處選C項(xiàng)protect.
63.（ ）
A less than
B rather than
C more than
D better than
[參考答案]B
[解析]此處句意為：不幸的是,他們（政府）總是語言上的巨人,行動(dòng)上的矮子。在說和干之間表示政府的兩面性,應(yīng)該用rather than,表示"是……而不是……"。其他三個(gè)都是比較級,而不是表轉(zhuǎn)折。因此本題選B.
64.（ ）
A needs
B wastes
C areas
D resources
[參考答案]A
[解析]此處句意為：他們不加強(qiáng)建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以減少供暖和空調(diào)的……。根據(jù)后文的reduce automobile use,此處用"需求"比較適合。所以選A項(xiàng)needs.
65.（ ）
A Still
B However
C Moreover
D Thus
[參考答案]D
[解析]最后一句是是對前文的一個(gè)總結(jié)和結(jié)果陳述,所以選thus,表示因此。still意為"仍然,盡管如此",有轉(zhuǎn)折的意味；however做連詞意為"然而,但是",是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的常用連詞；moreover意為"此外,而且",表示更一步的說明或者補(bǔ)充。因此本題選D.