1 醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)方式一般采用長句和定語從句,在論證上起到連接信息和強(qiáng)調(diào)信息的作用。如:
The white pulp of the spleen produces lymphocytes that migrate to the red pulp and reach the lumens of the sinusoids, where they are incorporated into the blood that is present there.
注:本句為復(fù)合句,由兩個(gè)that引起的定語從句;一個(gè)由where引起的狀語從句。譯文:脾的白髓產(chǎn)生淋巴細(xì)胞,淋巴細(xì)胞向紅髓遷移到達(dá)脾竇腔,加入竇內(nèi)的血液中。
2 名詞作定語和縮寫詞的頻繁使用,簡化了句型,可增大信息密度。如:
Transcription to MRNA is a process very similar to DNA replication and may use some of the same enzymes.
譯文:轉(zhuǎn)錄給信使RNA的過程與DNA的復(fù)制過程非常相似,且可以用一些同樣的酶。句子中DNA是Deoxybionucleicacid的縮寫詞,同時(shí)又作為名詞修飾replication。
3 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的運(yùn)用增強(qiáng)論文的客觀性,避免作者的主觀性。例如:
Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa) is one of man′s oldest and most widely used drugs. It has been consumed in various ways as long as medical history has been recorded and is currently used throughout the world by hundreds of millions of people. A fairly consistent picture of short-term effects on users is presented in many publications.
譯文:大麻是使用最廣泛,時(shí)間最長的一種毒品,自有醫(yī)學(xué)史以來,就有使用大麻的記載,并經(jīng)全世界數(shù)以萬計(jì)的人們使用。許多出版物均報(bào)道大麻對(duì)毒品使用者常出現(xiàn)短期效應(yīng)。
眾所周知,任何醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)決不是簡單的單詞與短句的堆積;更不是“死搬生套”,而是按一定的規(guī)律與習(xí)慣組織起來的文章。因此,必須掌握必要的專業(yè)詞匯,這是前提。在掌握一定英文詞匯的基礎(chǔ)上,熟悉醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)的表述方式和基本內(nèi)容,并盡可能采用專業(yè)術(shù)語來表達(dá)意思,這一點(diǎn)是十分重要的。