課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1．She must be at least thirty-five years old. 她至少也有35歲了。
（1）at least 是一固定短語，表示“至少”：
He borrowed at least five books from the library.
他從圖書館至少借了5本書。
If you can't clean the car, you can at least help me to clean it.
如果你不能擦車，你至少可以幫我擦。
（2）我們已學(xué)過兩種年齡表示法。一種是“數(shù)字 years old”，作表語：
My father is fifty-seven, years old now.
我父親現(xiàn)在已57歲了。
另一種是“數(shù)字 -year-old”，作定語：
Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was in
vited to a children's party.
上周，我4歲的女兒薩莉應(yīng)邀去參加一個兒童晚會。
2．In spite of this…
盡管如此……
（1）in spite of為固定短語，意為“不管”、“盡管”，后面可以跟名詞、代詞或從句：
In spite of the rain, they went on their journey.
盡管下雨，他們還是繼續(xù)旅行。
In spite of what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary.
不管你說她什么，她比瑪麗要好得多。
（2）this 代指上句話，即“她至少也有35歲”這個事實(shí)。
3．This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. 這，她將扮演一個17歲的少女。
be在這里是“扮演”的意思：
Tonight, Karen Marsh is Helen.
今晚卡倫·馬什扮演海倫。
4．In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. 演出時她必須穿一條鮮紅色的裙子和黑色的長筒襪。
（1）in在這句話中表示“穿著”、“戴著”：
The girl in red over there is my neighbour.
那邊那個穿紅衣服的女孩是我的鄰居。
John was in a black dress this morning.
約翰今天上午穿的是件黑衣服。
（2）dress 一般指連衣裙、套裙，也可以指外穿的衣服或特定場合穿的禮服：
Everyone is in evening dress tonight.
今晚大家都穿了晚禮服。
5．Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up! 親愛的，長成大人真可怕?。?BR> （1）it 為先行詞，代替 to be grown up，這個不定式是句子真正的主語。再如：
it is a pleasant thing to have many friends.
有許多朋友是件令人愉悅的事。
（2）這句話的言外之意是她還沒有長成大人，還是個小姑娘，因為她用的是表示推測的 must。（cf. 本課語法）
語法 Grammar in use
情態(tài)助動詞 must
（1） must 一般譯為“必須”，可以表示“必要”、“命令或強(qiáng)制”、“邀請”、“決心”、“不可推卸的責(zé)任”等多種含義。它沒有時態(tài)和人稱變化，通常只用于現(xiàn)在時和將來時。在其他時態(tài)中，must的有些含義可以由have to或 have got to來補(bǔ)足。這 3種形式一般可以互換，但彼此是有差別的。用于第一人稱時，have to和have got to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的要求或外在的原因，must則強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀的要求或表示說話的人認(rèn)為自己有權(quán)做某事：
I have to look after the baby.
我得照管這孩子。（因為客觀原因）
I must see the boss.
我必須見老板。（主觀要求）
They must leave (tomorrow).
他們（明天）必須出發(fā)。
They had to leave.
他們（當(dāng)時）不得不出發(fā)。（過去時中用 have to 代替）
They have had to leave.（2）have to和 have got to往往可以互換：
I have to/have got to leave home every morning at 7:30.
我每天早上7點(diǎn)半就得離開家。
但是，與always，sometimes 等頻度副詞連用時，用have to往往比用have got to好：
I often have to get up at 5. Do you ever have to get up at 5?
我經(jīng)常5點(diǎn)就得起床。你有時候也得5點(diǎn)起床嗎？
have got to比have to聽上去要更加口語化一些：
（3）在表達(dá)“難道你不能不（做……）”的含義時，一般用“Must you…？”句型而不用“Do you have to…？”或“Have you got to…？”句型：
(4）must還可以用來表示推測：
He must be at home now.
他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。
He must be mad to drive anywhere today!
他今天居然開車出去，真是瘋了！
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．a(chǎn)ppear vi.
（1）出現(xiàn)，顯露：
Suddenly, a car appeared.
突然，一輛小汽車出現(xiàn)了。
（2）當(dāng)眾露面；登場（演出等）：
I can't appear in this dress at the party.
我不能在晚會上穿著這身衣服露面。
Miss Marsh will appear in tonight's play.
在今晚的這場劇中，馬什小姐將會登場。
（3）似乎，看起來好象（與seem同義）：
She appears to know you.
她似乎認(rèn)識你。
Now it appears you are wrong.
現(xiàn)在看來你是錯的。
2．grow vi.
（1）生長，成長，發(fā)育：
Trees of this kind don't grow in our country.
我們國家不長這種樹。
How tall you've got! You've grown a lot.
你已經(jīng)這么高了！你長了不少。
（2）grow up 長成，成熟（其被動態(tài)表示長大成人）：
Lucy has grown up a lot since I last saw her.
自從我上次見到她之后，露西已成熟了許多。
What do you want to do when you're grown up?
等你長大了，你想干什么？
3．a(chǎn)s的幾種用法
（1）作為介詞，它可以表示“作為”、“以……身份”等：
In this film, he appeared as a policeman.
在這部影片中，他扮演一名警察。
As a mechanic, he can't always keep himself clean.
作為一名機(jī)修工，他無法總保持身上干凈。
（2）作為連詞，它可以表示“因為”、“正當(dāng)……時候”、“以……方式”或“如同……那樣”等含義：
You must take care of the baby tomorrow as I am going to London.
由于我要去倫敦，你明天必須照料這孩子。（因為，由于）
As we were talking about him, he knocked at the door.
我們正談?wù)撍臅r候，他敲門了。（正當(dāng)……時候）
She cooked the dinner as her mother taught her.
她按母親教她的方式做了晚餐。（以……方式）
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1．關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A She must be(1.1); Jennifer will have to take(1.3); she must appear(1.4); she had to wear(11.5-6); it must be terrible(11.7-8)
C 1 You must/will have to see a doctor.
2 Must you/Do you have to make so much noise?
3 She said we must/had to/would have to stay here.
4 I must/have to have some help.
8 I've had to go out last night.
2．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
A 1 in the position of 2 because 3 At the time when
B 1 grow 2 suit 3 costume 4 dress
3．多項選擇題答案
1d 2b 3b 4d 5c 6c
7b 8a 9a 10c 11a 12d
1．She must be at least thirty-five years old. 她至少也有35歲了。
（1）at least 是一固定短語，表示“至少”：
He borrowed at least five books from the library.
他從圖書館至少借了5本書。
If you can't clean the car, you can at least help me to clean it.
如果你不能擦車，你至少可以幫我擦。
（2）我們已學(xué)過兩種年齡表示法。一種是“數(shù)字 years old”，作表語：
My father is fifty-seven, years old now.
我父親現(xiàn)在已57歲了。
另一種是“數(shù)字 -year-old”，作定語：
Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Sally, was in
vited to a children's party.
上周，我4歲的女兒薩莉應(yīng)邀去參加一個兒童晚會。
2．In spite of this…
盡管如此……
（1）in spite of為固定短語，意為“不管”、“盡管”，后面可以跟名詞、代詞或從句：
In spite of the rain, they went on their journey.
盡管下雨，他們還是繼續(xù)旅行。
In spite of what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary.
不管你說她什么，她比瑪麗要好得多。
（2）this 代指上句話，即“她至少也有35歲”這個事實(shí)。
3．This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. 這，她將扮演一個17歲的少女。
be在這里是“扮演”的意思：
Tonight, Karen Marsh is Helen.
今晚卡倫·馬什扮演海倫。
4．In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. 演出時她必須穿一條鮮紅色的裙子和黑色的長筒襪。
（1）in在這句話中表示“穿著”、“戴著”：
The girl in red over there is my neighbour.
那邊那個穿紅衣服的女孩是我的鄰居。
John was in a black dress this morning.
約翰今天上午穿的是件黑衣服。
（2）dress 一般指連衣裙、套裙，也可以指外穿的衣服或特定場合穿的禮服：
Everyone is in evening dress tonight.
今晚大家都穿了晚禮服。
5．Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up! 親愛的，長成大人真可怕?。?BR> （1）it 為先行詞，代替 to be grown up，這個不定式是句子真正的主語。再如：
it is a pleasant thing to have many friends.
有許多朋友是件令人愉悅的事。
（2）這句話的言外之意是她還沒有長成大人，還是個小姑娘，因為她用的是表示推測的 must。（cf. 本課語法）
語法 Grammar in use
情態(tài)助動詞 must
（1） must 一般譯為“必須”，可以表示“必要”、“命令或強(qiáng)制”、“邀請”、“決心”、“不可推卸的責(zé)任”等多種含義。它沒有時態(tài)和人稱變化，通常只用于現(xiàn)在時和將來時。在其他時態(tài)中，must的有些含義可以由have to或 have got to來補(bǔ)足。這 3種形式一般可以互換，但彼此是有差別的。用于第一人稱時，have to和have got to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀的要求或外在的原因，must則強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀的要求或表示說話的人認(rèn)為自己有權(quán)做某事：
I have to look after the baby.
我得照管這孩子。（因為客觀原因）
I must see the boss.
我必須見老板。（主觀要求）
They must leave (tomorrow).
他們（明天）必須出發(fā)。
They had to leave.
他們（當(dāng)時）不得不出發(fā)。（過去時中用 have to 代替）
They have had to leave.（2）have to和 have got to往往可以互換：
I have to/have got to leave home every morning at 7:30.
我每天早上7點(diǎn)半就得離開家。
但是，與always，sometimes 等頻度副詞連用時，用have to往往比用have got to好：
I often have to get up at 5. Do you ever have to get up at 5?
我經(jīng)常5點(diǎn)就得起床。你有時候也得5點(diǎn)起床嗎？
have got to比have to聽上去要更加口語化一些：
（3）在表達(dá)“難道你不能不（做……）”的含義時，一般用“Must you…？”句型而不用“Do you have to…？”或“Have you got to…？”句型：
(4）must還可以用來表示推測：
He must be at home now.
他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。
He must be mad to drive anywhere today!
他今天居然開車出去，真是瘋了！
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．a(chǎn)ppear vi.
（1）出現(xiàn)，顯露：
Suddenly, a car appeared.
突然，一輛小汽車出現(xiàn)了。
（2）當(dāng)眾露面；登場（演出等）：
I can't appear in this dress at the party.
我不能在晚會上穿著這身衣服露面。
Miss Marsh will appear in tonight's play.
在今晚的這場劇中，馬什小姐將會登場。
（3）似乎，看起來好象（與seem同義）：
She appears to know you.
她似乎認(rèn)識你。
Now it appears you are wrong.
現(xiàn)在看來你是錯的。
2．grow vi.
（1）生長，成長，發(fā)育：
Trees of this kind don't grow in our country.
我們國家不長這種樹。
How tall you've got! You've grown a lot.
你已經(jīng)這么高了！你長了不少。
（2）grow up 長成，成熟（其被動態(tài)表示長大成人）：
Lucy has grown up a lot since I last saw her.
自從我上次見到她之后，露西已成熟了許多。
What do you want to do when you're grown up?
等你長大了，你想干什么？
3．a(chǎn)s的幾種用法
（1）作為介詞，它可以表示“作為”、“以……身份”等：
In this film, he appeared as a policeman.
在這部影片中，他扮演一名警察。
As a mechanic, he can't always keep himself clean.
作為一名機(jī)修工，他無法總保持身上干凈。
（2）作為連詞，它可以表示“因為”、“正當(dāng)……時候”、“以……方式”或“如同……那樣”等含義：
You must take care of the baby tomorrow as I am going to London.
由于我要去倫敦，你明天必須照料這孩子。（因為，由于）
As we were talking about him, he knocked at the door.
我們正談?wù)撍臅r候，他敲門了。（正當(dāng)……時候）
She cooked the dinner as her mother taught her.
她按母親教她的方式做了晚餐。（以……方式）
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1．關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A She must be(1.1); Jennifer will have to take(1.3); she must appear(1.4); she had to wear(11.5-6); it must be terrible(11.7-8)
C 1 You must/will have to see a doctor.
2 Must you/Do you have to make so much noise?
3 She said we must/had to/would have to stay here.
4 I must/have to have some help.
8 I've had to go out last night.
2．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
A 1 in the position of 2 because 3 At the time when
B 1 grow 2 suit 3 costume 4 dress
3．多項選擇題答案
1d 2b 3b 4d 5c 6c
7b 8a 9a 10c 11a 12d