新概念頻道為大家整理的 新概念課程講解第四冊Lesson22，供大家參考。更多閱讀請查看本站 新概念英語網(wǎng)頻道。
Lesson 22Knowledge and progress知識和進(jìn)步
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
In what two areas have people made no 'progress' at all?
Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance was made, for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly raised. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent. Moreover, as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account. What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature. but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. The problem now facing humanity is: What is going to be done with all this knowledge? As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. It is now being used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies while closed hand surgent used to restore them.We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen if this two-fold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.【參考譯文】
為什么進(jìn)步這個概念在現(xiàn)代世界顯得如此突出？無疑是因?yàn)橛幸环N特殊的進(jìn)步實(shí)際上正在我們周圍發(fā)生，而且變得越來越明顯。雖然人類有智力和道德上沒有得到普遍提高，但在知識積累方面卻取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。人一旦能用語言同別人交流思想，知識的積累便開始了。隨著書寫的發(fā)明，又邁進(jìn)了一大步，因?yàn)檫@樣一來，知識不僅能交流，而且能儲存了。藏書使教育成為可能，而教育反過來又豐富了藏書，因?yàn)橹R的增長遵循著一種“滾雪球”的規(guī)律。印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明又大大提高了知識增長的速度。所有這些發(fā)展都比較緩慢，而隨著科學(xué)的到來，增長的速度才突然加快。于是，知識便開始有系統(tǒng)有計(jì)劃地積累起來。涓涓細(xì)流匯成小溪，小溪現(xiàn)已變成了奔騰的江河。而且，新知識一旦獲得，便得到實(shí)際應(yīng)用。所謂“現(xiàn)代文明”并不是人的天性平衡發(fā)展的結(jié)果，而是積累起來的知識應(yīng)用到實(shí)際生活中的結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在人類面臨的問題是：用這些知識去做什么？正像人們常常指出的，知識是一把雙刃刀，可以用于造福，也可以用來為害。人們現(xiàn)在正漫不經(jīng)心地把知識用于這兩個方面，例如：炮兵利用科學(xué)毀壞人的身體、而外科醫(yī)生就在附近用科學(xué)搶救被炮兵毀壞的人體，還有什么情景比這更可怕、更怪誕的嗎？我們不得不嚴(yán)肅地問問我們自己：隨著日益增長的知識的力量，如果我們繼續(xù)利用知識的這種雙重性，將會發(fā)生什么樣的情況呢？1.loom v.赫然聳起
例句：A huge shape loomed up out of the fog.
在霧中隱約出現(xiàn)一個巨大的影像。
2.manifest adj.明顯的
例句：It was their manifest failure to modernize the country's industries.
他們使國家進(jìn)行工業(yè)現(xiàn)代化, 明顯失敗了。
3.morality n.道德
4.communicate v.交流，交際
例句：A politician must be able to communicate.
政治家必須善于表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。
5.compound adj.復(fù)合的
6.enhance v.增進(jìn)
例句：The splendid dress enhanced her beauty.
華麗的衣服使她更加美麗。
7.tempo n.速率
8.trickle n.涓涓細(xì)流
9.torrent n.滔滔洪流
10.humanity n.人類
11.indifferently adv.不在乎地
例句：He looked indifferently upon subjects that did not interest him.
他對于那些引不起他興趣的課題非常冷淡。
12.grimly adv.可怖地
例句：his grimly realistic first novel about drug addicts
他的第一部描寫吸毒者的令人不快的寫實(shí)小說
13.whimsical adj.怪誕的
14.shatter v.毀壞
例句：We were shattered to hear of her sudden death.
聽到她突然死亡的消息我們十分震驚。
15.twofold adj.雙重的1.Surely progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest.
參考翻譯：無疑是因?yàn)橛幸环N特殊的進(jìn)步實(shí)際上正在我們周圍發(fā)生，而且變得越來越明顯。
講解：take place發(fā)生,舉行
A mutiny has taken place off the coast of South america.
在南美洲海岸外的艦艇上發(fā)生了嘩變。
more and more越來越
One reason is that the tickets are more and more expensive.
其中一個原因是票價越來越貴。
2.Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge.
參考翻譯：雖然人類在智力和道德上沒有得到普遍提高，但在知識積累方面卻取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。
講解：make progress前進(jìn),進(jìn)步
We have made pleasing progress in our talks.
我們的會談已經(jīng)取得了令人滿意的進(jìn)展。
although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 表示“雖然”時，不要根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣，在后面使用連詞 but, 不過有時它可與 yet, still, nevertheless 等副詞連用。如：
他雖然年紀(jì)很大了，但還很強(qiáng)壯。
正：Although he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.
誤：Although he is very old, but he is quite strong.
但是在一定的上下文中，類似下面的 although 與 but 連用的句子是可能的 (注意 but 引出的句子在 although 從句之前) 。如：
But Ididn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 但我當(dāng)時的確不知道此事，盡管后來還是知道了。
3.Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech.
參考翻譯：人一旦能用語言同別人交流思想，知識的積累便開始了。
講解：as soon as見語法部分。
4.Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries.
參考翻譯：藏書使教育成為可能，而教育反過來又豐富了藏書。
講解：add to增加,增添,補(bǔ)充
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
焰火使節(jié)日的夜晚更加生色。
5.What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature. but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life.
參考翻譯：所謂“現(xiàn)代文明”并不是人的天性平衡發(fā)展的結(jié)果，而是積累起來的知識應(yīng)用到實(shí)際生活中的結(jié)果。
講解：What is called主語從句。
not...but...意為"不是……而是……"。連接兩個并列成分,后面可跟名詞、形容詞、副詞、短語、從句等。如:
My bag is not black but red.我的書包不是黑的而是紅的。
The letter is addressed not to me but to you.這封信不是寫給我的而是寫給你的。
He failed not because he isn't clever but because he didn't work hard.他失敗了不是因?yàn)樗宦斆鞫且驗(yàn)樗麤]努力。as soon as,
hardly…when…
no sooner…than…
這三個短語都有“一……就”、“剛剛……就”的意思，它們的意思非常相近，因此有時可以互換。例如：
“我剛到公共汽車站，汽車就開了?！币痪?，就可以有如下幾句譯法：
As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started.
Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
但他們之間也有一些差異，例如，如果從兩件事情的間隔時間來說，as soon as 較長，no sooner...than
居中，hardly...when 間隔時間短。其它的一些區(qū)別見下面，請大家在運(yùn)用的時候要留意。
1、as soon as
它的意思相當(dāng)于“A事情發(fā)生以后，就做B這件事”。
這個短語用的比較常用，口語和書面語都可以。它的特點(diǎn)是，在句子中的位置比較靈活，而且可以用于各種時態(tài)。例如：
I’ll write you as soon as I get there.
我一到那兒就給你來信。（一般現(xiàn)在時）
As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.
我一進(jìn)門，Katherine 就高興的叫起來。（一般過去時）
I’ll return the book as soon as I have read it.
我一讀完就把書還回去。（現(xiàn)在完成時）
Andrew left as soon as he had drunk his coffee.
Andrew一喝完咖啡就走了。（過去完成時）
2、no sooner…than
它的意思相當(dāng)于“剛做完A這件事，就做B這件事”。例如：
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
他一回來就買了一套房子。
如果no sooner 位于句首，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他剛到就又走了。
No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.
運(yùn)動會剛開始，天就下起了大雨。
有一點(diǎn)要注意，no sooner…than 一般用來描述做過的事情，它不能用于表示將來的事。
3、hardly…when...
它的意思是“幾乎未來得及做完A這件事，緊接著就開始B這件事?！?BR> 使用這個短語時，一般用于過去完成時；并且when有時可改用before。例如：
He had hardly finished the article when the light went out.
他剛寫完文，燈就熄了。
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.
他還未安頓下來，就賣掉了那所房子。
另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)即謂語動詞要提前。如：
Hardly had I finished eating when he came in.
我剛吃完他就進(jìn)來了。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
她還沒走出家門，就有一個學(xué)生來看望她。1.Surely progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest.
1.無疑是因?yàn)橛幸环N特殊的進(jìn)步實(shí)際上正在我們周圍發(fā)生，而且變得越來越明顯。
2.Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality,it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge.
2.雖然人類有智力和道德上沒有得到普遍提高，但在知識積累方面卻取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。
3. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly raised.
3.所有這些發(fā)展都比較緩慢，而隨著科學(xué)的到來，增長的速度才突然加快。
4.As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.
4.正像人們常常指出的，知識是一把雙刃刀，可以用于造福，也可以用來為害。
Lesson 22Knowledge and progress知識和進(jìn)步
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
In what two areas have people made no 'progress' at all?
Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance was made, for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly raised. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent. Moreover, as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account. What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature. but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. The problem now facing humanity is: What is going to be done with all this knowledge? As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. It is now being used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies while closed hand surgent used to restore them.We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen if this two-fold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.【參考譯文】
為什么進(jìn)步這個概念在現(xiàn)代世界顯得如此突出？無疑是因?yàn)橛幸环N特殊的進(jìn)步實(shí)際上正在我們周圍發(fā)生，而且變得越來越明顯。雖然人類有智力和道德上沒有得到普遍提高，但在知識積累方面卻取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。人一旦能用語言同別人交流思想，知識的積累便開始了。隨著書寫的發(fā)明，又邁進(jìn)了一大步，因?yàn)檫@樣一來，知識不僅能交流，而且能儲存了。藏書使教育成為可能，而教育反過來又豐富了藏書，因?yàn)橹R的增長遵循著一種“滾雪球”的規(guī)律。印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明又大大提高了知識增長的速度。所有這些發(fā)展都比較緩慢，而隨著科學(xué)的到來，增長的速度才突然加快。于是，知識便開始有系統(tǒng)有計(jì)劃地積累起來。涓涓細(xì)流匯成小溪，小溪現(xiàn)已變成了奔騰的江河。而且，新知識一旦獲得，便得到實(shí)際應(yīng)用。所謂“現(xiàn)代文明”并不是人的天性平衡發(fā)展的結(jié)果，而是積累起來的知識應(yīng)用到實(shí)際生活中的結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在人類面臨的問題是：用這些知識去做什么？正像人們常常指出的，知識是一把雙刃刀，可以用于造福，也可以用來為害。人們現(xiàn)在正漫不經(jīng)心地把知識用于這兩個方面，例如：炮兵利用科學(xué)毀壞人的身體、而外科醫(yī)生就在附近用科學(xué)搶救被炮兵毀壞的人體，還有什么情景比這更可怕、更怪誕的嗎？我們不得不嚴(yán)肅地問問我們自己：隨著日益增長的知識的力量，如果我們繼續(xù)利用知識的這種雙重性，將會發(fā)生什么樣的情況呢？1.loom v.赫然聳起
例句：A huge shape loomed up out of the fog.
在霧中隱約出現(xiàn)一個巨大的影像。
2.manifest adj.明顯的
例句：It was their manifest failure to modernize the country's industries.
他們使國家進(jìn)行工業(yè)現(xiàn)代化, 明顯失敗了。
3.morality n.道德
4.communicate v.交流，交際
例句：A politician must be able to communicate.
政治家必須善于表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。
5.compound adj.復(fù)合的
6.enhance v.增進(jìn)
例句：The splendid dress enhanced her beauty.
華麗的衣服使她更加美麗。
7.tempo n.速率
8.trickle n.涓涓細(xì)流
9.torrent n.滔滔洪流
10.humanity n.人類
11.indifferently adv.不在乎地
例句：He looked indifferently upon subjects that did not interest him.
他對于那些引不起他興趣的課題非常冷淡。
12.grimly adv.可怖地
例句：his grimly realistic first novel about drug addicts
他的第一部描寫吸毒者的令人不快的寫實(shí)小說
13.whimsical adj.怪誕的
14.shatter v.毀壞
例句：We were shattered to hear of her sudden death.
聽到她突然死亡的消息我們十分震驚。
15.twofold adj.雙重的1.Surely progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest.
參考翻譯：無疑是因?yàn)橛幸环N特殊的進(jìn)步實(shí)際上正在我們周圍發(fā)生，而且變得越來越明顯。
講解：take place發(fā)生,舉行
A mutiny has taken place off the coast of South america.
在南美洲海岸外的艦艇上發(fā)生了嘩變。
more and more越來越
One reason is that the tickets are more and more expensive.
其中一個原因是票價越來越貴。
2.Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge.
參考翻譯：雖然人類在智力和道德上沒有得到普遍提高，但在知識積累方面卻取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。
講解：make progress前進(jìn),進(jìn)步
We have made pleasing progress in our talks.
我們的會談已經(jīng)取得了令人滿意的進(jìn)展。
although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 表示“雖然”時，不要根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣，在后面使用連詞 but, 不過有時它可與 yet, still, nevertheless 等副詞連用。如：
他雖然年紀(jì)很大了，但還很強(qiáng)壯。
正：Although he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.
誤：Although he is very old, but he is quite strong.
但是在一定的上下文中，類似下面的 although 與 but 連用的句子是可能的 (注意 but 引出的句子在 although 從句之前) 。如：
But Ididn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 但我當(dāng)時的確不知道此事，盡管后來還是知道了。
3.Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech.
參考翻譯：人一旦能用語言同別人交流思想，知識的積累便開始了。
講解：as soon as見語法部分。
4.Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries.
參考翻譯：藏書使教育成為可能，而教育反過來又豐富了藏書。
講解：add to增加,增添,補(bǔ)充
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
焰火使節(jié)日的夜晚更加生色。
5.What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature. but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life.
參考翻譯：所謂“現(xiàn)代文明”并不是人的天性平衡發(fā)展的結(jié)果，而是積累起來的知識應(yīng)用到實(shí)際生活中的結(jié)果。
講解：What is called主語從句。
not...but...意為"不是……而是……"。連接兩個并列成分,后面可跟名詞、形容詞、副詞、短語、從句等。如:
My bag is not black but red.我的書包不是黑的而是紅的。
The letter is addressed not to me but to you.這封信不是寫給我的而是寫給你的。
He failed not because he isn't clever but because he didn't work hard.他失敗了不是因?yàn)樗宦斆鞫且驗(yàn)樗麤]努力。as soon as,
hardly…when…
no sooner…than…
這三個短語都有“一……就”、“剛剛……就”的意思，它們的意思非常相近，因此有時可以互換。例如：
“我剛到公共汽車站，汽車就開了?！币痪?，就可以有如下幾句譯法：
As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus started.
Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
但他們之間也有一些差異，例如，如果從兩件事情的間隔時間來說，as soon as 較長，no sooner...than
居中，hardly...when 間隔時間短。其它的一些區(qū)別見下面，請大家在運(yùn)用的時候要留意。
1、as soon as
它的意思相當(dāng)于“A事情發(fā)生以后，就做B這件事”。
這個短語用的比較常用，口語和書面語都可以。它的特點(diǎn)是，在句子中的位置比較靈活，而且可以用于各種時態(tài)。例如：
I’ll write you as soon as I get there.
我一到那兒就給你來信。（一般現(xiàn)在時）
As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.
我一進(jìn)門，Katherine 就高興的叫起來。（一般過去時）
I’ll return the book as soon as I have read it.
我一讀完就把書還回去。（現(xiàn)在完成時）
Andrew left as soon as he had drunk his coffee.
Andrew一喝完咖啡就走了。（過去完成時）
2、no sooner…than
它的意思相當(dāng)于“剛做完A這件事，就做B這件事”。例如：
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
他一回來就買了一套房子。
如果no sooner 位于句首，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他剛到就又走了。
No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.
運(yùn)動會剛開始，天就下起了大雨。
有一點(diǎn)要注意，no sooner…than 一般用來描述做過的事情，它不能用于表示將來的事。
3、hardly…when...
它的意思是“幾乎未來得及做完A這件事，緊接著就開始B這件事?！?BR> 使用這個短語時，一般用于過去完成時；并且when有時可改用before。例如：
He had hardly finished the article when the light went out.
他剛寫完文，燈就熄了。
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.
他還未安頓下來，就賣掉了那所房子。
另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)即謂語動詞要提前。如：
Hardly had I finished eating when he came in.
我剛吃完他就進(jìn)來了。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
她還沒走出家門，就有一個學(xué)生來看望她。1.Surely progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest.
1.無疑是因?yàn)橛幸环N特殊的進(jìn)步實(shí)際上正在我們周圍發(fā)生，而且變得越來越明顯。
2.Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality,it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge.
2.雖然人類有智力和道德上沒有得到普遍提高，但在知識積累方面卻取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。
3. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly raised.
3.所有這些發(fā)展都比較緩慢，而隨著科學(xué)的到來，增長的速度才突然加快。
4.As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.
4.正像人們常常指出的，知識是一把雙刃刀，可以用于造福，也可以用來為害。