第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)
下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線(xiàn)，請(qǐng)為每處劃線(xiàn)部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。
1.I have been trying to quit smoking.
A.give up
B.pick up
C.build up
D.take up
2.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.
A.moved
B.touched
C.surprised
D.worried
3.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.
A.question
B.problem
C.title
D.topic
4.This is not typical of English，but is a feature of the Chinese language.
A.particular
B.characteristic
C.remarkable
D.idiomatic
5.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.
A.simply
B.almost
C.totally
D.completely
6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.
A.stem
B.rely
C.develop
D.grow
7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.
A.easy
B.possible
C.likely
D.difficult
8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.
A.possibility
B.necessity
C.ability
D.probability
9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.
A.beautiful
B.stretching
C.spreading
D.rolling
10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.
A.10ads
B.layers
C.pyramids
D.piles
11.The news will horrify everyone.
A.attract
B.terrify
C.tempt
D.excite
12.The article sketched the major events of the decade.
A.described
B.offered
C.outlined
D.presented
13.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior.
A.bear
B.receive
C.admit
D.take
14.Their style of playing football is utterly different.
A.barely
B.scarcely
C.hardly
D.totally
15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.
A.advised
B.caused
C.forced
D.promised
Motion Sickness
Living in space looks like lots of fun. You can do certain things in space (like floating around, or pushing huge objects) that you cannot do on earth. But being in space can do things to you, too. If you stay too long in a gravity-free environment, your bones could become weak, and a small spaceship just might annoy you after a while, because space travel could make you seasick!
On July 4, 1982, after seven days orbiting the earth, astronauts Thomas K. Mattingly and Henry W. Hartsfield returned home. Although not all of the experiments on board worked properly, the flight basically seemed to be a success except for one "little" thing: early in the flight, astronaut Hartsfield became "seasick".
Thomas Mattingly, who is also a jet pilot and is highly resistant to motion sickness on earth, did much better. Mattingly sailed through space with a steady stomach. But no one knows why Hartsfield felt uneasy and Mattingly did not.
So far it seems there is no reliable way to predict who will become motion sick in outer space and who will not. in all, at least four astronauts have suffered from space motion sickness. Russian and American scientists are working together to try to understand and solve the motion sickness. Space program officials worry that if so many highly-trained pilots get sick in space, what will happen when civilians start flying in the shuttle?
Motion sickness is a disagreeable feeling that comes from the pitching, rolling, swaying, or just the moving of the object you are riding in or on. Symptoms of motion sickness include: dizziness, headache, a sinking feeling in the stomach, and vomiting.
Why does motion make some people ill?
Doctors believe that motion sickness is caused by a disturbance in the inner ear. Our ears do more than give us hearing. A part of the ears gives us a sense of balance and helps make us aware of whether we are right side up or upside down.
If you know that you get carsick or seasick, what can you do?
Speak to your doctor. There are certain medicines available that can help stop that uneasy feeling. But many of them can also make you sleepy. Usually they work best taken before you begin feeling ill.
Some people also recommend water, ice cubes, mints, or plain toast. But these remedies do not always work for everyone.
Perhaps, since motion sickness is such a big problem in outer space, researchers may soon find a way to cure the astronauts - and those of us who stay on earth.
16 Floating in space for too long a time may also do harm to one's lungs and heart.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 At the end of the flight, Hartsfield became "seasick".
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 Mattingly was much thinner than Hartsfield.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Russian and American scientists are working together to solve the problem of motion sickness in astronauts.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Untrained civilians are more likely to suffer from motion sickness in a spacecraft
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 The motion sickness some astronauts suffered from during space travel had been caused by the defective digestive system.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 People suffering from motion sickness during space travel can alleviate its symptoms by eating or drinking something.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
【參考答案】16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. C
Earthquake
1 Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.
2 There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.
3 The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth's surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth's crust and continental drift.
4 In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.
5 Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.
23 Paragraph 2 __________
24 Paragraph 3 __________
25 Paragraph 4 __________
26 Paragraph 5 __________ A Earthquake's Forecast
B Historical Records of Earthquakes
C Intensities o{Earthquakes
D Cause of Earthquakes
E Indications of Earthquakes
F Damaging Earthquakes
27 Not all damage during an earthquake is caused __________.
28 Not all earthquakes are strong enough __________.
29 Scientists have been working hard to warn people __________.
30 Earthquakes can be predicted by observing __________. A by the quake itself
B not be prevented
C to cause damage of property and loss of lives
D of a possible earthquake
E the unusual behaviors of some animals
F the strong behaviors of human beings
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～5段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
The Weight Experiment
Nicola Waiters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a "caioriineier" (熱量測(cè)試室) is one way to find out.
1. The signs above the two rooms read simply “Chamber One” and “Chamber Two”. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads, "Please do not enter work in progress" and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers (記錄) every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram axe passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.
2. Nicola Walters is one of the twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness program.
A.self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert (廣告) for volunteers at her gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.
3. The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence (次序) was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 a.m. on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, bet daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.
4. The scientists help volunteers impose (確立) a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. “The first time, I only took one video and a book, but It was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,” says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast.
5. It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full, Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.
23. Paragraph 1_______
24. Paragraph 2_______
25. Paragraph 3_______
26. Paragraph 4_______
A.What does the calorimeter look like inside?
B.What program was designed for the experiments?
C.What is a calorimeter?
D.What is the first impression?
E.How do the volunteers kill the time?
F.Why did Nicola join in the experiments?
27. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything_______.
28. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments
29. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter
30. The experiments show that high-fat diets_______
A.the volunteers do
B.because she does not have a weight problem
C.because the life there can be very boring
D.make people overeat
E.because she was her own boss
F.after passing a high-protein test
Lateral Thinking
Lateral thinking (迂回思維), first described by Edward de Bono in 1967, is just a few years older than Edward's son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but de Bono name was so famous, Casper's parents worried that any time he would say something bright at school, his teachers might snap, “Where do you get that idea from?”
“We had to be careful and not overdo it,” Edward admits. Now Casper is at Oxford --which once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic (誦讀困難). In fact, when he was applying to Oxford, none of his school teachers thought he had a chance. “So then we did several thinking sessions,” his father says, “using my techniques and, when he went up for the exam, he did extremely well.” Soon after, Edward de Bono decided to write his latest book, “Teach Your Children How to Think”, in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.
Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and everybody knows that children aren't very logical. So isn't it an uphill battle, trying to teach them to think? “You know,” Edward de Bono says, “if you examine people's thinking, it is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view. ”
“Teach Your Child How to Think” offers lessons in perception improvement, of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternatives.
36 What is TRUE about Casper? __________
A He is Edward's son.
B He is an adventurous thinker.
C He first described lateral thinking.
D He is often scolded by his teacher.
37 Casper succeeded in applying to Oxford because __________.
A he was careful and often overworked
B all of his school teachers thought he had a chance
C he used in the exam the techniques provided by his father
D he read the book “Teach Your Child How to Think” before the exam
38 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward __________.
A was likely to improve children's logic with his book
B gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was born
C was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexic
D once taught businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents and children
39 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements expresses Edward de Bono's view? __________
A Everybody knows that children aren't very logical.
B It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.
C We often think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.
D Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence.
40 Lateral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT __________.
A improving one's logic in thinking
B improving one's perception in thinking
C seeing the implications of what you are saying
D exploring the alternatives for what you are saying
答案：36 A關(guān)于Casper的正確說(shuō)法是：A他是Edward的兒子;B他是一個(gè)開(kāi)拓型思維的人;C他首次描繪了迂回思維;D他經(jīng)常受老師叱責(zé)。
37 C申請(qǐng)牛津大學(xué)成功的原因是：A他仔細(xì)認(rèn)真且經(jīng)常勞累過(guò)度;B他的老師都認(rèn)為他能考上;C他在考試中應(yīng)用了父親提供的技巧;D他在考試前閱讀了《教會(huì)孩子如何思維》這本書(shū)。
38 D由第二段可以推斷出Edward：A有可能通過(guò)他的著作改善孩子的思維邏輯;B在他兒子出生幾年以后對(duì)迂回思維進(jìn)行了描述;C因?yàn)閮鹤佑悬c(diǎn)誦讀困難才促使他研究迂回思維;D在為孩子和家長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)書(shū)之前曾教過(guò)商人如何思維。
39 C根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，下列選項(xiàng)能夠表達(dá)Edward de Bono觀點(diǎn)的陳述是：A人人都知道孩子的思維是不太合乎邏輯的;B試圖教孩子思維是一場(chǎng)艱苦的戰(zhàn)斗;C我們經(jīng)常不能有效思維是因?yàn)槲覀兊囊曇斑^(guò)于狹隘;D依據(jù)傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)，人們認(rèn)為思維要按照一定的邏輯順序進(jìn)行。
40 A迂回思維指的不是下列當(dāng)中的哪一項(xiàng)?A改進(jìn)自己的思維邏輯;B改進(jìn)自己的思維理解力;C了解你所說(shuō)內(nèi)容的含義;D為你所說(shuō)內(nèi)容尋求其他的替換對(duì)象。
Between 1977 and 1981, three groups of American woman, ___(1)___, between the age of 35 and 65, were given month-long tests to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those aboard the space shuttle.
Though ___(2)___, the women were volunteers and the pay was barely above the minimum wage. They were not allowed ___(3)____ during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each other's company at close quarters for the entire period. Among other things they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks __(4)__. At the end of ten days, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed, during which time they suffered backaches and other discomforts, and when they were finally allowed up, the more physically active women were especially subject to pains due to a slight calcium loss.
Results of the tests suggest that women will have significant advantages over men in space. They need less food and les oxygen and they stand up to radiation better. Men's advantages __(5)__, meanwhile, are virtually wiped out by the zero-gravity condition in space.
EXERCISE:
A): to smoke or drink alcohol
B) carefully selected from among many applicants
C) numbering 27 in all
D) in terms of strength and stamina
E) those who are physically stronger
F) while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise
KEY:C B A F D
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ 1 and are more 1 likly to go on to university，reveals a major new study2 carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy3 and Sahlgrenska University Hospital．
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)4．The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976．The research group analysed the 2 result of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army．
The study shows a clear link 3 between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test．The strongest links are for 4 thinking and verbal comprehension．But it is only fitness that plays a 5 in the results for the IQ test5，and not strength．“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung 6 and that your brain gets plenty of 7 ，"says Michael Nilsson，professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital．“This may be one of the reasons 8 we can see a clear link with fitness，but not with muscular 9 ．We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important．”
By analysing data for twins，the researchers have been 10 to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a 11 IQ． “We have also shown that those youngsters who 12 their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance，”says Mafia Aberg，researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre．“This being the case6 ，physical 13 is a subject that has an important place in schools，and is an absolute must7 if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects．" The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests 14 national service8 with the socio-economic status of the men later in 15 ．Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education，and many secured more qualified jobs．
練習(xí)：
1．A carefully B secretly C likely D happily
2．A answers B works C scores D results
3．A behind B between C among D without
4．A logical B critical C typical D positive
5．A place B game C role D trick
6．A capacity B disease C shape D treatment
7．A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory
8．A what B why C how D where
9．A exercise B training C strength D movement
10．A able B clever C lucky D clear
11．A moderate B average C lower D higher
12．A ignore B improve C like D determine
1 3．A examination B labour C movement D education
14．A before B after C without D during
l 5．A marriage B life C residence D servicelikely
答案與題解：
1．C本文第一句就將主題和盤(pán)托出：Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ(身體健康的年輕人智商也高)。根據(jù)此論斷可以推斷，智商高的人進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的可能性也高。讀完 全文便可知這個(gè)推斷是對(duì)的。所以，本題的答案只能是likely。
2．D第二段第二句說(shuō)明，該項(xiàng)研究的樣本是1950-1976年之間入伍的120萬(wàn)新兵。新兵們報(bào)到時(shí)接受了體格測(cè)試和智商測(cè)試。研究人員對(duì)這兩類(lèi)測(cè)試的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。四個(gè)選 項(xiàng)只有results符合這層意思。answers(答案)、works(作品)、scores(分?jǐn)?shù))都不合適。
3．B 上文多次論及身體健康與智商之間的關(guān)系。本句又重述兩者的聯(lián)系。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有個(gè)between，答案非它莫屬。among是“在……之中”，數(shù)量超過(guò)2個(gè)人或2件事時(shí)才用among。本句只說(shuō)兩者的關(guān)系，所以不能選among。選項(xiàng)behind和without的意思與上下 文搭配不上。
4．A填詞所在的句子的意思是，身體健康與某種思維和語(yǔ)言理解能力有關(guān)。某種思維是哪一種思維呢?我們可能會(huì)想到科學(xué)思維、邏輯思維、抽象思維等等。一查四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)有l(wèi)ogical，它就是答案了。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)critical(臨界的，評(píng)論的)、typical(典型的)和positive(正面的)與上下文的意思相去甚遠(yuǎn)，不會(huì)是答案。
5．C play a role是固定詞組，填入所在句子后，上下文的意思連貫，所以是答案。play a place 沒(méi)有這種搭配。play a game(玩游戲)和play a trick(惡作劇)與上下文的意思搭不上。
6．A 由于“Being fit means that you also have good heart and 1ung…”說(shuō)的是，健康意味著心肺功能好，所以選項(xiàng)disease(疾病)和treatment(治療)可以排除，而good heart and lung后 接shape(形狀)，意思是“好的心肺形狀”，這與健康的關(guān)系也遠(yuǎn)了一些。本題只有capacity (能力)才是答案。
7．C如前所述，身體健康意味著心肺好，這與大腦有什么關(guān)系呢?常識(shí)告訴我們，呼吸順暢， 通過(guò)肺部進(jìn)入血液的氧氣也多；心功能良好，就能有效地將帶有氧氣的新鮮血液源源不斷 地輸送到大腦，大腦就能活躍地工作。所以，選項(xiàng)oxygen是答案。
8．B reason(s)后面的定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系副詞要用why。
9．C 第三段第二句給本題的答案提供了線(xiàn)索：“But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test，and not strength．(是健康，而不是力量，對(duì)智商測(cè)試的結(jié)果起了作用)”。本題的句子重復(fù)了上述論斷，所以，缺失的詞應(yīng)該是strength。這一次作者把strength說(shuō)得更清楚，指的是muscular strength(肌肉力量)。本題的答案C。
10．A本句的意思是，研究人員分析雙胞胎智商上的差異來(lái)說(shuō)明智商差異不會(huì)來(lái)自基因，因?yàn)殡p胞胎的基因是相同的；智商差異來(lái)自后天的環(huán)境因素。填入本句最適合的詞是able。clever，lucky和clear都不合適，因?yàn)檠芯咳藛T只有通過(guò)分析數(shù)據(jù)才能夠得出結(jié)論，而不是 靠幸運(yùn)、聰明等。
11．D 文章反復(fù)論述，一個(gè)人身體健康，其智商也高。本句前面用的是fitness(健壯體魄)，后面出現(xiàn)的是IQ，修飾它的形容詞就一定是higher。
12．B 根據(jù)全文的主要論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行判斷，本題的句子表達(dá)的意思一定是增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)與提高智商成正比。所以，填入句子的動(dòng)詞的詞義一定與提高和改善認(rèn)知能力(cognitive performance)有關(guān)。根據(jù)這一推論，入選的選項(xiàng)只有improve。
13．D研究一下句子“This being the case，physical is a subject…"，就知道physical加上要填 入空格中的詞應(yīng)該是一門(mén)學(xué)科(subject)的名稱(chēng)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有physical education(體育)是門(mén)學(xué)科，所以，答案是D。
14．D 第二段曾說(shuō)到新兵報(bào)到入伍時(shí)，接受了體格測(cè)試，本題的句子用的是復(fù)數(shù)形式的tests，說(shuō)明他們?cè)诜燮陂g可能接受多次體格檢查，所以要選durng(national service)，而 before、after、without都與上述意思不配合。
15．B研究人員將新兵報(bào)到入伍時(shí)體格測(cè)試和智商測(cè)試的結(jié)果和他們后來(lái)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位進(jìn) 行了比較。比較的是哪方面的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位呢? 最合理的選擇是later in life(后來(lái)的生活中)。而later in marriage(后來(lái)的婚姻中)、later in residence(后來(lái)的居住中)或1ater in service(后來(lái)的服務(wù)中)與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位搭配，顯得十分勉強(qiáng)，所以不會(huì)是答案。
下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線(xiàn)，請(qǐng)為每處劃線(xiàn)部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。
1.I have been trying to quit smoking.
A.give up
B.pick up
C.build up
D.take up
2.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.
A.moved
B.touched
C.surprised
D.worried
3.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.
A.question
B.problem
C.title
D.topic
4.This is not typical of English，but is a feature of the Chinese language.
A.particular
B.characteristic
C.remarkable
D.idiomatic
5.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.
A.simply
B.almost
C.totally
D.completely
6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.
A.stem
B.rely
C.develop
D.grow
7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.
A.easy
B.possible
C.likely
D.difficult
8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.
A.possibility
B.necessity
C.ability
D.probability
9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.
A.beautiful
B.stretching
C.spreading
D.rolling
10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.
A.10ads
B.layers
C.pyramids
D.piles
11.The news will horrify everyone.
A.attract
B.terrify
C.tempt
D.excite
12.The article sketched the major events of the decade.
A.described
B.offered
C.outlined
D.presented
13.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior.
A.bear
B.receive
C.admit
D.take
14.Their style of playing football is utterly different.
A.barely
B.scarcely
C.hardly
D.totally
15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.
A.advised
B.caused
C.forced
D.promised
Motion Sickness
Living in space looks like lots of fun. You can do certain things in space (like floating around, or pushing huge objects) that you cannot do on earth. But being in space can do things to you, too. If you stay too long in a gravity-free environment, your bones could become weak, and a small spaceship just might annoy you after a while, because space travel could make you seasick!
On July 4, 1982, after seven days orbiting the earth, astronauts Thomas K. Mattingly and Henry W. Hartsfield returned home. Although not all of the experiments on board worked properly, the flight basically seemed to be a success except for one "little" thing: early in the flight, astronaut Hartsfield became "seasick".
Thomas Mattingly, who is also a jet pilot and is highly resistant to motion sickness on earth, did much better. Mattingly sailed through space with a steady stomach. But no one knows why Hartsfield felt uneasy and Mattingly did not.
So far it seems there is no reliable way to predict who will become motion sick in outer space and who will not. in all, at least four astronauts have suffered from space motion sickness. Russian and American scientists are working together to try to understand and solve the motion sickness. Space program officials worry that if so many highly-trained pilots get sick in space, what will happen when civilians start flying in the shuttle?
Motion sickness is a disagreeable feeling that comes from the pitching, rolling, swaying, or just the moving of the object you are riding in or on. Symptoms of motion sickness include: dizziness, headache, a sinking feeling in the stomach, and vomiting.
Why does motion make some people ill?
Doctors believe that motion sickness is caused by a disturbance in the inner ear. Our ears do more than give us hearing. A part of the ears gives us a sense of balance and helps make us aware of whether we are right side up or upside down.
If you know that you get carsick or seasick, what can you do?
Speak to your doctor. There are certain medicines available that can help stop that uneasy feeling. But many of them can also make you sleepy. Usually they work best taken before you begin feeling ill.
Some people also recommend water, ice cubes, mints, or plain toast. But these remedies do not always work for everyone.
Perhaps, since motion sickness is such a big problem in outer space, researchers may soon find a way to cure the astronauts - and those of us who stay on earth.
16 Floating in space for too long a time may also do harm to one's lungs and heart.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 At the end of the flight, Hartsfield became "seasick".
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 Mattingly was much thinner than Hartsfield.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Russian and American scientists are working together to solve the problem of motion sickness in astronauts.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Untrained civilians are more likely to suffer from motion sickness in a spacecraft
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 The motion sickness some astronauts suffered from during space travel had been caused by the defective digestive system.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 People suffering from motion sickness during space travel can alleviate its symptoms by eating or drinking something.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
【參考答案】16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. C
Earthquake
1 Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.
2 There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.
3 The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth's surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth's crust and continental drift.
4 In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.
5 Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.
23 Paragraph 2 __________
24 Paragraph 3 __________
25 Paragraph 4 __________
26 Paragraph 5 __________ A Earthquake's Forecast
B Historical Records of Earthquakes
C Intensities o{Earthquakes
D Cause of Earthquakes
E Indications of Earthquakes
F Damaging Earthquakes
27 Not all damage during an earthquake is caused __________.
28 Not all earthquakes are strong enough __________.
29 Scientists have been working hard to warn people __________.
30 Earthquakes can be predicted by observing __________. A by the quake itself
B not be prevented
C to cause damage of property and loss of lives
D of a possible earthquake
E the unusual behaviors of some animals
F the strong behaviors of human beings
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～5段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
The Weight Experiment
Nicola Waiters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a "caioriineier" (熱量測(cè)試室) is one way to find out.
1. The signs above the two rooms read simply “Chamber One” and “Chamber Two”. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads, "Please do not enter work in progress" and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers (記錄) every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram axe passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.
2. Nicola Walters is one of the twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness program.
A.self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert (廣告) for volunteers at her gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.
3. The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence (次序) was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 a.m. on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, bet daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.
4. The scientists help volunteers impose (確立) a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. “The first time, I only took one video and a book, but It was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,” says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn't go too fast.
5. It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full, Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.
23. Paragraph 1_______
24. Paragraph 2_______
25. Paragraph 3_______
26. Paragraph 4_______
A.What does the calorimeter look like inside?
B.What program was designed for the experiments?
C.What is a calorimeter?
D.What is the first impression?
E.How do the volunteers kill the time?
F.Why did Nicola join in the experiments?
27. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything_______.
28. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments
29. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter
30. The experiments show that high-fat diets_______
A.the volunteers do
B.because she does not have a weight problem
C.because the life there can be very boring
D.make people overeat
E.because she was her own boss
F.after passing a high-protein test
Lateral Thinking
Lateral thinking (迂回思維), first described by Edward de Bono in 1967, is just a few years older than Edward's son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but de Bono name was so famous, Casper's parents worried that any time he would say something bright at school, his teachers might snap, “Where do you get that idea from?”
“We had to be careful and not overdo it,” Edward admits. Now Casper is at Oxford --which once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic (誦讀困難). In fact, when he was applying to Oxford, none of his school teachers thought he had a chance. “So then we did several thinking sessions,” his father says, “using my techniques and, when he went up for the exam, he did extremely well.” Soon after, Edward de Bono decided to write his latest book, “Teach Your Children How to Think”, in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.
Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and everybody knows that children aren't very logical. So isn't it an uphill battle, trying to teach them to think? “You know,” Edward de Bono says, “if you examine people's thinking, it is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view. ”
“Teach Your Child How to Think” offers lessons in perception improvement, of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternatives.
36 What is TRUE about Casper? __________
A He is Edward's son.
B He is an adventurous thinker.
C He first described lateral thinking.
D He is often scolded by his teacher.
37 Casper succeeded in applying to Oxford because __________.
A he was careful and often overworked
B all of his school teachers thought he had a chance
C he used in the exam the techniques provided by his father
D he read the book “Teach Your Child How to Think” before the exam
38 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward __________.
A was likely to improve children's logic with his book
B gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was born
C was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexic
D once taught businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents and children
39 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements expresses Edward de Bono's view? __________
A Everybody knows that children aren't very logical.
B It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.
C We often think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.
D Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence.
40 Lateral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT __________.
A improving one's logic in thinking
B improving one's perception in thinking
C seeing the implications of what you are saying
D exploring the alternatives for what you are saying
答案：36 A關(guān)于Casper的正確說(shuō)法是：A他是Edward的兒子;B他是一個(gè)開(kāi)拓型思維的人;C他首次描繪了迂回思維;D他經(jīng)常受老師叱責(zé)。
37 C申請(qǐng)牛津大學(xué)成功的原因是：A他仔細(xì)認(rèn)真且經(jīng)常勞累過(guò)度;B他的老師都認(rèn)為他能考上;C他在考試中應(yīng)用了父親提供的技巧;D他在考試前閱讀了《教會(huì)孩子如何思維》這本書(shū)。
38 D由第二段可以推斷出Edward：A有可能通過(guò)他的著作改善孩子的思維邏輯;B在他兒子出生幾年以后對(duì)迂回思維進(jìn)行了描述;C因?yàn)閮鹤佑悬c(diǎn)誦讀困難才促使他研究迂回思維;D在為孩子和家長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)書(shū)之前曾教過(guò)商人如何思維。
39 C根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，下列選項(xiàng)能夠表達(dá)Edward de Bono觀點(diǎn)的陳述是：A人人都知道孩子的思維是不太合乎邏輯的;B試圖教孩子思維是一場(chǎng)艱苦的戰(zhàn)斗;C我們經(jīng)常不能有效思維是因?yàn)槲覀兊囊曇斑^(guò)于狹隘;D依據(jù)傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)，人們認(rèn)為思維要按照一定的邏輯順序進(jìn)行。
40 A迂回思維指的不是下列當(dāng)中的哪一項(xiàng)?A改進(jìn)自己的思維邏輯;B改進(jìn)自己的思維理解力;C了解你所說(shuō)內(nèi)容的含義;D為你所說(shuō)內(nèi)容尋求其他的替換對(duì)象。
Between 1977 and 1981, three groups of American woman, ___(1)___, between the age of 35 and 65, were given month-long tests to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those aboard the space shuttle.
Though ___(2)___, the women were volunteers and the pay was barely above the minimum wage. They were not allowed ___(3)____ during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each other's company at close quarters for the entire period. Among other things they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks __(4)__. At the end of ten days, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed, during which time they suffered backaches and other discomforts, and when they were finally allowed up, the more physically active women were especially subject to pains due to a slight calcium loss.
Results of the tests suggest that women will have significant advantages over men in space. They need less food and les oxygen and they stand up to radiation better. Men's advantages __(5)__, meanwhile, are virtually wiped out by the zero-gravity condition in space.
EXERCISE:
A): to smoke or drink alcohol
B) carefully selected from among many applicants
C) numbering 27 in all
D) in terms of strength and stamina
E) those who are physically stronger
F) while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise
KEY:C B A F D
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ 1 and are more 1 likly to go on to university，reveals a major new study2 carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy3 and Sahlgrenska University Hospital．
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)4．The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976．The research group analysed the 2 result of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army．
The study shows a clear link 3 between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test．The strongest links are for 4 thinking and verbal comprehension．But it is only fitness that plays a 5 in the results for the IQ test5，and not strength．“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung 6 and that your brain gets plenty of 7 ，"says Michael Nilsson，professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital．“This may be one of the reasons 8 we can see a clear link with fitness，but not with muscular 9 ．We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important．”
By analysing data for twins，the researchers have been 10 to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a 11 IQ． “We have also shown that those youngsters who 12 their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance，”says Mafia Aberg，researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre．“This being the case6 ，physical 13 is a subject that has an important place in schools，and is an absolute must7 if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects．" The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests 14 national service8 with the socio-economic status of the men later in 15 ．Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education，and many secured more qualified jobs．
練習(xí)：
1．A carefully B secretly C likely D happily
2．A answers B works C scores D results
3．A behind B between C among D without
4．A logical B critical C typical D positive
5．A place B game C role D trick
6．A capacity B disease C shape D treatment
7．A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory
8．A what B why C how D where
9．A exercise B training C strength D movement
10．A able B clever C lucky D clear
11．A moderate B average C lower D higher
12．A ignore B improve C like D determine
1 3．A examination B labour C movement D education
14．A before B after C without D during
l 5．A marriage B life C residence D servicelikely
答案與題解：
1．C本文第一句就將主題和盤(pán)托出：Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ(身體健康的年輕人智商也高)。根據(jù)此論斷可以推斷，智商高的人進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的可能性也高。讀完 全文便可知這個(gè)推斷是對(duì)的。所以，本題的答案只能是likely。
2．D第二段第二句說(shuō)明，該項(xiàng)研究的樣本是1950-1976年之間入伍的120萬(wàn)新兵。新兵們報(bào)到時(shí)接受了體格測(cè)試和智商測(cè)試。研究人員對(duì)這兩類(lèi)測(cè)試的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。四個(gè)選 項(xiàng)只有results符合這層意思。answers(答案)、works(作品)、scores(分?jǐn)?shù))都不合適。
3．B 上文多次論及身體健康與智商之間的關(guān)系。本句又重述兩者的聯(lián)系。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有個(gè)between，答案非它莫屬。among是“在……之中”，數(shù)量超過(guò)2個(gè)人或2件事時(shí)才用among。本句只說(shuō)兩者的關(guān)系，所以不能選among。選項(xiàng)behind和without的意思與上下 文搭配不上。
4．A填詞所在的句子的意思是，身體健康與某種思維和語(yǔ)言理解能力有關(guān)。某種思維是哪一種思維呢?我們可能會(huì)想到科學(xué)思維、邏輯思維、抽象思維等等。一查四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)有l(wèi)ogical，它就是答案了。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)critical(臨界的，評(píng)論的)、typical(典型的)和positive(正面的)與上下文的意思相去甚遠(yuǎn)，不會(huì)是答案。
5．C play a role是固定詞組，填入所在句子后，上下文的意思連貫，所以是答案。play a place 沒(méi)有這種搭配。play a game(玩游戲)和play a trick(惡作劇)與上下文的意思搭不上。
6．A 由于“Being fit means that you also have good heart and 1ung…”說(shuō)的是，健康意味著心肺功能好，所以選項(xiàng)disease(疾病)和treatment(治療)可以排除，而good heart and lung后 接shape(形狀)，意思是“好的心肺形狀”，這與健康的關(guān)系也遠(yuǎn)了一些。本題只有capacity (能力)才是答案。
7．C如前所述，身體健康意味著心肺好，這與大腦有什么關(guān)系呢?常識(shí)告訴我們，呼吸順暢， 通過(guò)肺部進(jìn)入血液的氧氣也多；心功能良好，就能有效地將帶有氧氣的新鮮血液源源不斷 地輸送到大腦，大腦就能活躍地工作。所以，選項(xiàng)oxygen是答案。
8．B reason(s)后面的定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系副詞要用why。
9．C 第三段第二句給本題的答案提供了線(xiàn)索：“But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test，and not strength．(是健康，而不是力量，對(duì)智商測(cè)試的結(jié)果起了作用)”。本題的句子重復(fù)了上述論斷，所以，缺失的詞應(yīng)該是strength。這一次作者把strength說(shuō)得更清楚，指的是muscular strength(肌肉力量)。本題的答案C。
10．A本句的意思是，研究人員分析雙胞胎智商上的差異來(lái)說(shuō)明智商差異不會(huì)來(lái)自基因，因?yàn)殡p胞胎的基因是相同的；智商差異來(lái)自后天的環(huán)境因素。填入本句最適合的詞是able。clever，lucky和clear都不合適，因?yàn)檠芯咳藛T只有通過(guò)分析數(shù)據(jù)才能夠得出結(jié)論，而不是 靠幸運(yùn)、聰明等。
11．D 文章反復(fù)論述，一個(gè)人身體健康，其智商也高。本句前面用的是fitness(健壯體魄)，后面出現(xiàn)的是IQ，修飾它的形容詞就一定是higher。
12．B 根據(jù)全文的主要論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行判斷，本題的句子表達(dá)的意思一定是增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)與提高智商成正比。所以，填入句子的動(dòng)詞的詞義一定與提高和改善認(rèn)知能力(cognitive performance)有關(guān)。根據(jù)這一推論，入選的選項(xiàng)只有improve。
13．D研究一下句子“This being the case，physical is a subject…"，就知道physical加上要填 入空格中的詞應(yīng)該是一門(mén)學(xué)科(subject)的名稱(chēng)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有physical education(體育)是門(mén)學(xué)科，所以，答案是D。
14．D 第二段曾說(shuō)到新兵報(bào)到入伍時(shí)，接受了體格測(cè)試，本題的句子用的是復(fù)數(shù)形式的tests，說(shuō)明他們?cè)诜燮陂g可能接受多次體格檢查，所以要選durng(national service)，而 before、after、without都與上述意思不配合。
15．B研究人員將新兵報(bào)到入伍時(shí)體格測(cè)試和智商測(cè)試的結(jié)果和他們后來(lái)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位進(jìn) 行了比較。比較的是哪方面的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位呢? 最合理的選擇是later in life(后來(lái)的生活中)。而later in marriage(后來(lái)的婚姻中)、later in residence(后來(lái)的居住中)或1ater in service(后來(lái)的服務(wù)中)與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位搭配，顯得十分勉強(qiáng)，所以不會(huì)是答案。