2014年高考英語作文：寫作萬能公式及原則
一)段首句
1. 關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀點。一些人認(rèn)為……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗話說(常言道)……，它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 現(xiàn)在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更為糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 現(xiàn)在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因為……，另外(而且)……。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 關(guān)于……人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認(rèn)為(說)……，在他們看來，……
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人類正面臨著一個嚴(yán)重的問題……，這個問題變得越來越嚴(yán)重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當(dāng)中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. ……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重的問題。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……，但是為什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why? (二)中間段落句 1. 相反，有一些人贊成……，他們相信……，而且，他們認(rèn)為……。
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.
2. 但是，我認(rèn)為這不是解決……的好方法，比如……。糟糕的是……。
But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.
3. ……對我們國家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First，______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4. 有幾個可供我們采納的方法。首先，我們可以……。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______
5. 面臨……，我們應(yīng)該采取一系列行之有效的方法來……。一方面……，另一方面，
Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______
6. 早就應(yīng)該拿出行動了。比如說……，另外……。所有這些方法肯定會……。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.
7. 為什么……?第一個原因是……;第二個原因是……;第三個原因是……。總的來說，……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好壞兩個方面一樣，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.
9. 盡管如此，我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
10. 完全同意……這種觀點(陳述)，主要理由如下：
I fully agree with the statement that ______ because_____ (三)結(jié)尾句 1. 至于我，在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點，我認(rèn)為……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.
2. 總而言之，整個社會應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注……這個問題。只有這樣，我們才能在將來……。
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.
3. 但是，……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢(好處)。例如，……，而……。然而，把這兩者相比較，我更傾向于(喜歡)……
But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.
4. 就我個人而言，我相信……，因此，我堅信美好的未來正等著我們。因為……
Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.
5. 隨著社會的發(fā)展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每個人都愿為社會貢獻(xiàn)自已的一份力量，這個社會將要變得越來越好。
With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
6. 至于我(對我來說，就我而言)，我認(rèn)為……更合理。只有這樣，我們才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____.
7. 對我來說，我認(rèn)為有必要……。原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;后……但同樣重要的是……
In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______.
8. 在總體上很難說……是好還是壞，因為它在很大程度上取決于……的形勢。然而，就我個人而言，我發(fā)現(xiàn)……。
It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______.
9. 綜上所述，我們可以清楚地得出結(jié)論……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.
10. 如果我們不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了這種趨勢，就會出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我們應(yīng)該做的是……
If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.
一)原因 1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...
5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...
6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...
7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...
One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...
Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...
Perhaps the primary factor is that …
But the fundamental cause is that ...
二)比較
1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
6.Like anything else, it has its faults.
7.A and B has several points in common.
8.A bears some resemblances to B.
9.However, the same is not applicable to B.
10. A and B differ in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
三)批駁
1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...
四)后果
1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
2. The immediate result it produces is ...
3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...
4. Its consequence can be so great that...
五)舉例
1) A good case in point is ...
2) As an illustration, we may take ...
3) Such examples might be given easily.
4) ...is often cited as an example.
六)證明
1) No one can deny the fact that ...
2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
4) Recent studies indicate that ...
5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
七)開篇
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...
6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.
7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...
8) According to a recent survey, ...
9) With the rapid development of ..., ...
八)結(jié)尾
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...
3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...
5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.
6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...
7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ...
10) Taking all these into account, we ...
11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear... 開頭萬能公式：
1. 開頭萬能公式一：名人名言
有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦?尤其是英語名言?”，很好辦：編!
原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦!而且沒準(zhǔn)將來我們就是名人呢!對吧?
經(jīng)典句型：
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (適用于已記住的名言)
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (適用于自編名言)
更多經(jīng)典句型：
As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
2. 開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計
原理：要想更有說服力，就應(yīng)該用實際的數(shù)字來說明。
原則上在議論文當(dāng)中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
看起來這個數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造：
Honesty
根據(jù)近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike
根據(jù)近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。
Youth
根據(jù)近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，在某個大學(xué)，學(xué)生的課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?
根據(jù)近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：
A recent statistics shows that …
寫作絕招
結(jié)尾萬能公式：
1. 結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論
說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長篇大論，到后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子：
Obviously(此為過渡短語), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了!
更多過渡短語：
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型：
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
2. 結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議
如果說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽!
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因為考官本來經(jīng)?？歼@個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢? 寫作的“七項基本原則”： 一、 長 短 句原則
工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人!寫一個短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：
Asa creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet theprimary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectualneed of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
如此可見，長短句結(jié)合，抑揚頓挫，豈不爽哉?牢記!
強(qiáng)烈建議：在文章第一段(開頭)用一長一短，且先長后短;在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短后長的句群形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結(jié)尾一般用一長一短就可以了。
二、 主 題 句原則
國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感!相信各位讀過一些破爛文學(xué)，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi)，結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭(保險型)或者結(jié)尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會平安無事!
特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險的!
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主題句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、 一 二 三原則
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點… 如此羅嗦。可畢竟還是條理清楚。考官們看文章也必然要通過這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條理自然。*方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點前就清楚了。
1)first, second, third, last(不推薦，原因：俗)
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推薦，原因：俗)
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推薦，原因：俗)
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推薦，原因：俗)
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
8)most important of all, moreover, finally
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(適用于兩點的情況)
10)for one thing, for another thing(適用于兩點的情況) 一、英語書信的常見寫作模板 開頭部分：
How nice to hear from you again.
Let me tell you something about the activity.
I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.
I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.
I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.
結(jié)尾部分：
With best wishes.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
二、口頭通知常見寫作模板
呼語及開場白部分：
Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
正文部分：
All the teachers and students are required to attend it.
Please take your notebooks and make notes.
Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.
Please come on time and don’t be late.
結(jié)束語部分：
Please come and join in it.
Everybody is welcome to attend it.
I hope you’ll have a nice time here.
That’s all. Thank you.
三、議論文模板
1.正反觀點式議論文模板
導(dǎo)入：
第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (導(dǎo)入話題) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(觀點有分歧)
正文：
第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方觀點)
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3個贊成的理由)
第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方觀點)
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3個反對的理由)
結(jié)論：
第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(個人觀點)
2.“A或者B”類議論文模板：
導(dǎo)入：
第1段：
Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文：第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(贊同A的原因)
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2個B的優(yōu)勢)
結(jié)論：第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出結(jié)論)
3.觀點論述類議論文模板：
導(dǎo)入：
第1段：提出一種現(xiàn)象或某個決定作為議論的話題
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的觀點是贊成還是反對)
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (過渡句，承上啟下)
正文：
第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3個贊成或反對的理由)
結(jié)論：第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... (照應(yīng)第1段，構(gòu)成"總—分—總"結(jié)構(gòu))
4."How to"類議論文模板：
導(dǎo)入：第1段：提出一種現(xiàn)象或某種困難作為議論的話題
正文：第2段： Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3個解決此類問題的辦法)
結(jié)論：第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(強(qiáng)調(diào)解決此類問題的根本方法)
四、圖表作文寫作模板
The chart gives us an overall picture of the 圖表主題.
The first thing we notice is that 圖表大特點 .
This means that as (進(jìn)一步說明).
We can see from the statistics given that 圖表細(xì)節(jié)一 . After 動詞-ing 細(xì)節(jié)一中的第一個變化， the動詞-ed+幅度+時間(緊跟著的變化) .
The figures also tell us that圖表細(xì)節(jié)二 . In the column, we can see that accounts for (進(jìn)一步描述).
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (結(jié)論).
The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that (給出原因). / It is high time that we (發(fā)出倡議).
五、圖畫類寫作模板：
1.開頭 Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...
2.銜接句 As we all know, .../As is known to all,.../It is wellknown that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.
3.結(jié)尾句 In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated...
1. 關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀點。一些人認(rèn)為……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗話說(常言道)……，它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 現(xiàn)在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更為糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 現(xiàn)在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因為……，另外(而且)……。
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 關(guān)于……人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認(rèn)為(說)……，在他們看來，……
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人類正面臨著一個嚴(yán)重的問題……，這個問題變得越來越嚴(yán)重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當(dāng)中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. ……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重的問題。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……，但是為什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why? (二)中間段落句 1. 相反，有一些人贊成……，他們相信……，而且，他們認(rèn)為……。
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.
2. 但是，我認(rèn)為這不是解決……的好方法，比如……。糟糕的是……。
But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.
3. ……對我們國家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First，______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4. 有幾個可供我們采納的方法。首先，我們可以……。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______
5. 面臨……，我們應(yīng)該采取一系列行之有效的方法來……。一方面……，另一方面，
Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______
6. 早就應(yīng)該拿出行動了。比如說……，另外……。所有這些方法肯定會……。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.
7. 為什么……?第一個原因是……;第二個原因是……;第三個原因是……。總的來說，……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好壞兩個方面一樣，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.
9. 盡管如此，我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
10. 完全同意……這種觀點(陳述)，主要理由如下：
I fully agree with the statement that ______ because_____ (三)結(jié)尾句 1. 至于我，在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點，我認(rèn)為……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.
2. 總而言之，整個社會應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注……這個問題。只有這樣，我們才能在將來……。
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.
3. 但是，……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢(好處)。例如，……，而……。然而，把這兩者相比較，我更傾向于(喜歡)……
But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.
4. 就我個人而言，我相信……，因此，我堅信美好的未來正等著我們。因為……
Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.
5. 隨著社會的發(fā)展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每個人都愿為社會貢獻(xiàn)自已的一份力量，這個社會將要變得越來越好。
With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
6. 至于我(對我來說，就我而言)，我認(rèn)為……更合理。只有這樣，我們才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____.
7. 對我來說，我認(rèn)為有必要……。原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;后……但同樣重要的是……
In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______.
8. 在總體上很難說……是好還是壞，因為它在很大程度上取決于……的形勢。然而，就我個人而言，我發(fā)現(xiàn)……。
It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______.
9. 綜上所述，我們可以清楚地得出結(jié)論……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.
10. 如果我們不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了這種趨勢，就會出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我們應(yīng)該做的是……
If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.
一)原因 1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...
5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...
6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...
7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...
One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...
Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...
Perhaps the primary factor is that …
But the fundamental cause is that ...
二)比較
1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
6.Like anything else, it has its faults.
7.A and B has several points in common.
8.A bears some resemblances to B.
9.However, the same is not applicable to B.
10. A and B differ in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
三)批駁
1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...
四)后果
1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
2. The immediate result it produces is ...
3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...
4. Its consequence can be so great that...
五)舉例
1) A good case in point is ...
2) As an illustration, we may take ...
3) Such examples might be given easily.
4) ...is often cited as an example.
六)證明
1) No one can deny the fact that ...
2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
4) Recent studies indicate that ...
5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
七)開篇
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...
6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.
7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...
8) According to a recent survey, ...
9) With the rapid development of ..., ...
八)結(jié)尾
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...
3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...
5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.
6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...
7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ...
10) Taking all these into account, we ...
11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear... 開頭萬能公式：
1. 開頭萬能公式一：名人名言
有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦?尤其是英語名言?”，很好辦：編!
原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦!而且沒準(zhǔn)將來我們就是名人呢!對吧?
經(jīng)典句型：
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (適用于已記住的名言)
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (適用于自編名言)
更多經(jīng)典句型：
As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
2. 開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計
原理：要想更有說服力，就應(yīng)該用實際的數(shù)字來說明。
原則上在議論文當(dāng)中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.
看起來這個數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造：
Honesty
根據(jù)近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike
根據(jù)近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。
Youth
根據(jù)近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，在某個大學(xué)，學(xué)生的課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?
根據(jù)近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：
A recent statistics shows that …
寫作絕招
結(jié)尾萬能公式：
1. 結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論
說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長篇大論，到后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子：
Obviously(此為過渡短語), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了!
更多過渡短語：
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型：
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
2. 結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議
如果說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽!
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因為考官本來經(jīng)?？歼@個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢? 寫作的“七項基本原則”： 一、 長 短 句原則
工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人!寫一個短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：
Asa creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet theprimary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectualneed of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
如此可見，長短句結(jié)合，抑揚頓挫，豈不爽哉?牢記!
強(qiáng)烈建議：在文章第一段(開頭)用一長一短，且先長后短;在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短后長的句群形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結(jié)尾一般用一長一短就可以了。
二、 主 題 句原則
國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感!相信各位讀過一些破爛文學(xué)，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi)，結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭(保險型)或者結(jié)尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會平安無事!
特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險的!
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主題句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、 一 二 三原則
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點… 如此羅嗦。可畢竟還是條理清楚。考官們看文章也必然要通過這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條理自然。*方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點前就清楚了。
1)first, second, third, last(不推薦，原因：俗)
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推薦，原因：俗)
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推薦，原因：俗)
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推薦，原因：俗)
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
8)most important of all, moreover, finally
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(適用于兩點的情況)
10)for one thing, for another thing(適用于兩點的情況) 一、英語書信的常見寫作模板 開頭部分：
How nice to hear from you again.
Let me tell you something about the activity.
I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.
I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.
I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.
結(jié)尾部分：
With best wishes.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
二、口頭通知常見寫作模板
呼語及開場白部分：
Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
正文部分：
All the teachers and students are required to attend it.
Please take your notebooks and make notes.
Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.
Please come on time and don’t be late.
結(jié)束語部分：
Please come and join in it.
Everybody is welcome to attend it.
I hope you’ll have a nice time here.
That’s all. Thank you.
三、議論文模板
1.正反觀點式議論文模板
導(dǎo)入：
第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (導(dǎo)入話題) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(觀點有分歧)
正文：
第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方觀點)
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3個贊成的理由)
第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方觀點)
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3個反對的理由)
結(jié)論：
第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(個人觀點)
2.“A或者B”類議論文模板：
導(dǎo)入：
第1段：
Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文：第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(贊同A的原因)
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2個B的優(yōu)勢)
結(jié)論：第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出結(jié)論)
3.觀點論述類議論文模板：
導(dǎo)入：
第1段：提出一種現(xiàn)象或某個決定作為議論的話題
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的觀點是贊成還是反對)
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (過渡句，承上啟下)
正文：
第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3個贊成或反對的理由)
結(jié)論：第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... (照應(yīng)第1段，構(gòu)成"總—分—總"結(jié)構(gòu))
4."How to"類議論文模板：
導(dǎo)入：第1段：提出一種現(xiàn)象或某種困難作為議論的話題
正文：第2段： Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3個解決此類問題的辦法)
結(jié)論：第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(強(qiáng)調(diào)解決此類問題的根本方法)
四、圖表作文寫作模板
The chart gives us an overall picture of the 圖表主題.
The first thing we notice is that 圖表大特點 .
This means that as (進(jìn)一步說明).
We can see from the statistics given that 圖表細(xì)節(jié)一 . After 動詞-ing 細(xì)節(jié)一中的第一個變化， the動詞-ed+幅度+時間(緊跟著的變化) .
The figures also tell us that圖表細(xì)節(jié)二 . In the column, we can see that accounts for (進(jìn)一步描述).
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (結(jié)論).
The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that (給出原因). / It is high time that we (發(fā)出倡議).
五、圖畫類寫作模板：
1.開頭 Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...
2.銜接句 As we all know, .../As is known to all,.../It is wellknown that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.
3.結(jié)尾句 In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated...