非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 限制性定語(yǔ)從句，顧名思義，是對(duì)先行詞從本質(zhì)或特征上進(jìn)行限制的一種定語(yǔ)從句，它所修飾的詞代表一個(gè)（些）或一類特定的人或事、物。例如：
A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much．
一個(gè)不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不能指望有多大成就的。
A man被限定后，指一類特定的人。
限制性定語(yǔ)從句是不能去掉的，否則剩下的部分就失去意義而不能成立。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不然，它只對(duì)所修飾的詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，去掉之后并不影響整個(gè)句子的含義。在形式上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間通常必須有逗號(hào)隔開。例如：
Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam， which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present．
最后我們參觀了長(zhǎng)江三峽大壩，它是目前世界上的水利樞紐工程。
本句若去掉定語(yǔ)從句，主句部分的含義仍然完整。歷年的高考題中，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是出現(xiàn)頻率的考點(diǎn)之一，因此值得我們注意。二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的which可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整個(gè)句子。例如：
That Peter will marry Alice， which has not been announced yet， has spread around．
彼特要娶愛(ài)麗斯這件事還沒(méi)宣布，卻已被傳得沸沸揚(yáng)揚(yáng)。
句子中的which指代“彼特要娶愛(ài)麗斯”這件事。三、除which外，還可用when， where， who，whom等關(guān)系副詞或關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如：
After graduation， I decided to stay in Chongqing， where I spent my childhood and four years of college life．
畢業(yè)后，我決定留在重慶，在那里我度過(guò)了我的童年和四年大學(xué)生活。
Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II， when Jews were badly treated in Germany．
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，愛(ài)因斯坦離開德國(guó)去了美國(guó)，那時(shí)*人在德國(guó)受到極大的歧視。
注意：that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。四、在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，如果先行詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略；但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能省，同時(shí)關(guān)系代詞whom不能用who替換。試比較：
The American journalist (whom ／ who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters．
播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國(guó)記者據(jù)說(shuō)已經(jīng)被匪徒殺害了。
He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother， whom he loved and respected as his own mother．
☆精選習(xí)題
一、單項(xiàng)選擇。
1. I have many friends, ________ some are businessmen.
A. of whom B. from which
C. who of D. of who
2. Jim passed the driving test, ________ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B. that
C. this D. it
3. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places,________ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which
C. where D. when
4. The famous basketball star, ________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when
C. which D. who
5. Have you seen the film Titanic, ________ leading actor is world famous?
A. its B. it's
C. whose D. which
6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
7. She heard a terrible noise, ________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which
C. this D. that
8. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen ZhouⅤ was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; which B. that; which
C. which; that D. when; that
9. This is the book I bought yesterday, ________ I spent 8 yuan.
A. in which B. for which
C. on which D. at which
10. There are two buildings, ________ stands nearby a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。（每空一詞）
1. He is a good comrade with whom you can work.
He is a good comrade ________ ________ ________.
2. The meeting, which was held in the park, was attended by 1,000 people.
The meeting was attended by 1,000 people, ________ ________ was held in the park.
3. I don't like the boy, since he is very lazy.
I don't like the boy, ________ is very lazy.
4. Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods and people are still suffering from its effects.
Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, ________ ________ effects people are still suffering.
5. Small computers need small amount of power. That means you use less electricity.
Small computers need small amount of power, ________ means you use less electricity.
三、完成句子。
1. ________________ (眾所周知), the moon travels around the earth once every month.
2. Jack has won the first prize, ________________ (像往常一樣).
3. York, ________________ (我參觀的) last year, is a nice old city.
4. Lucy and I made an appointment of an interview on Sunday afternoon, _______________ （到那時(shí)） I would be free.
5. She gave another piece of advice, ________________ (我認(rèn)為) is of great help to the research work.
參考答案：
一、 1—5 AACDC 6—10 BBACD
二、 1. to work with 2. and it 3. who 4. from whose 5. which
三、 1. As is known to everybody / all 2. as often happens / as usual 3. which I visited 4. by which time 5. which I think
A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much．
一個(gè)不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不能指望有多大成就的。
A man被限定后，指一類特定的人。
限制性定語(yǔ)從句是不能去掉的，否則剩下的部分就失去意義而不能成立。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不然，它只對(duì)所修飾的詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，去掉之后并不影響整個(gè)句子的含義。在形式上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間通常必須有逗號(hào)隔開。例如：
Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam， which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present．
最后我們參觀了長(zhǎng)江三峽大壩，它是目前世界上的水利樞紐工程。
本句若去掉定語(yǔ)從句，主句部分的含義仍然完整。歷年的高考題中，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是出現(xiàn)頻率的考點(diǎn)之一，因此值得我們注意。二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的which可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整個(gè)句子。例如：
That Peter will marry Alice， which has not been announced yet， has spread around．
彼特要娶愛(ài)麗斯這件事還沒(méi)宣布，卻已被傳得沸沸揚(yáng)揚(yáng)。
句子中的which指代“彼特要娶愛(ài)麗斯”這件事。三、除which外，還可用when， where， who，whom等關(guān)系副詞或關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如：
After graduation， I decided to stay in Chongqing， where I spent my childhood and four years of college life．
畢業(yè)后，我決定留在重慶，在那里我度過(guò)了我的童年和四年大學(xué)生活。
Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II， when Jews were badly treated in Germany．
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，愛(ài)因斯坦離開德國(guó)去了美國(guó)，那時(shí)*人在德國(guó)受到極大的歧視。
注意：that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。四、在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，如果先行詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略；但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能省，同時(shí)關(guān)系代詞whom不能用who替換。試比較：
The American journalist (whom ／ who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters．
播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國(guó)記者據(jù)說(shuō)已經(jīng)被匪徒殺害了。
He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother， whom he loved and respected as his own mother．
☆精選習(xí)題
一、單項(xiàng)選擇。
1. I have many friends, ________ some are businessmen.
A. of whom B. from which
C. who of D. of who
2. Jim passed the driving test, ________ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B. that
C. this D. it
3. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places,________ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which
C. where D. when
4. The famous basketball star, ________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when
C. which D. who
5. Have you seen the film Titanic, ________ leading actor is world famous?
A. its B. it's
C. whose D. which
6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
7. She heard a terrible noise, ________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which
C. this D. that
8. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen ZhouⅤ was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; which B. that; which
C. which; that D. when; that
9. This is the book I bought yesterday, ________ I spent 8 yuan.
A. in which B. for which
C. on which D. at which
10. There are two buildings, ________ stands nearby a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。（每空一詞）
1. He is a good comrade with whom you can work.
He is a good comrade ________ ________ ________.
2. The meeting, which was held in the park, was attended by 1,000 people.
The meeting was attended by 1,000 people, ________ ________ was held in the park.
3. I don't like the boy, since he is very lazy.
I don't like the boy, ________ is very lazy.
4. Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods and people are still suffering from its effects.
Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, ________ ________ effects people are still suffering.
5. Small computers need small amount of power. That means you use less electricity.
Small computers need small amount of power, ________ means you use less electricity.
三、完成句子。
1. ________________ (眾所周知), the moon travels around the earth once every month.
2. Jack has won the first prize, ________________ (像往常一樣).
3. York, ________________ (我參觀的) last year, is a nice old city.
4. Lucy and I made an appointment of an interview on Sunday afternoon, _______________ （到那時(shí)） I would be free.
5. She gave another piece of advice, ________________ (我認(rèn)為) is of great help to the research work.
參考答案：
一、 1—5 AACDC 6—10 BBACD
二、 1. to work with 2. and it 3. who 4. from whose 5. which
三、 1. As is known to everybody / all 2. as often happens / as usual 3. which I visited 4. by which time 5. which I think