①在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個(gè)狀語。
如：There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.
在太空中有成千上萬的象太陽般的星星。
乍一看，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句在名詞sky的后面，似乎應(yīng)該是修飾sky的。但仔細(xì)一想，”不對啊，天空怎么能象太陽呢?“，原來that引導(dǎo)的定語從句被in the sky這個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語分隔開來，修飾中心詞stars。
②在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個(gè)定語。
如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?
你還記得嗎，十年前的一天下午，我來到你家，找你借了一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈?
when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace實(shí)際上是修飾afternoon而不是修飾 years。ten years ago 實(shí)際上是定語后置修飾afternoon。
③先行詞與定語從句被謂語分隔開來。此時(shí)，先行詞通常是句子的主語，因定語從句較長，主句謂語較短，為使句子平衡，常將定語從句移至謂語之后
如：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
明天，新(男)老師將來較你德語。
【語法難點(diǎn)精析之besides,but,except,exept for,excepting,apart from的區(qū)別】
(1) besides與except
前者表示”除...以外，還有...”;后者表示”從整體中除去...”
這個(gè)大家都知道，就不舉例子了.
(2)except與except for
a.除去的和非除去的是同類事物，用except
eg：
All the essays are well written except Nelson's.
Nelson的文章(除去的)和All the essays(非除去的)是同類事物，所以用except.
b.除去的和非除去的不是同類事物，用except for，并且從語氣上通常表示遺憾.
eg：His essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
a few spelling mistakes(除去的)和His essay(非除去的)是不同類的事物.
(3)apart from 具有多重意義：既可表示besides，也可以表示exept或exept for，還可以表示without的意思
eg：
Apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.(=besides)
The orphan had no one to take care of him apart from his uncle.(=except)
He has done good work,apart from a few slight faults.(=except for)
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.實(shí)踐出真知.(=without)
(4)excepting =except,但一般用于句首或用于not，without，always等詞之后
eg:
Excepting his brother,they are all right.
Everyone,not excepting myself,must share the blame.
All of us,without excepting those who know more about the subject,should study.
All my brothers com here every day,always excepting the youngest.
(5)but與except同義，但but多用在every，any，no等和由這些詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞 如everything，anywhere，nobody等詞以后及all，none之后
eg：
The children go to school everyday but Sunday.
They are all gone but me.
You can get the book anywhere but here.
There is no one but me.
Who but George would do such a thing?
【too...to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定含義的情況】
我們知道too...to結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示否定含義,意為"太...以致于不能"
eg:He is too old to work.
但too...to在下列情況下卻表示肯定含義:
⑴當(dāng)too前或to前有否定詞構(gòu)成雙重否定時(shí).
eg:English is not too difficult to learn.
英語并不太難學(xué).
He is too wise not to see that.
他很聰明,不會(huì)不懂這一點(diǎn).
⑵當(dāng)too后是glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,apt,good,true,easy,near,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容詞或副詞時(shí).
eg:They are too anxious to leave.
他們急于離開.
He is too ready to help others.
他總是樂于助人.
與這些詞連用時(shí),too前還常加上only,all,but,just,simply等副詞,意思不變,因?yàn)檫@些詞加上too后與very同義.
eg:I'm only too glad to see you .
見到你非常高興.
They are but too pleased to hear the news.
他們聽到這個(gè)消息,非常高興.
⑶與cannot連用時(shí).
如：There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.
在太空中有成千上萬的象太陽般的星星。
乍一看，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句在名詞sky的后面，似乎應(yīng)該是修飾sky的。但仔細(xì)一想，”不對啊，天空怎么能象太陽呢?“，原來that引導(dǎo)的定語從句被in the sky這個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語分隔開來，修飾中心詞stars。
②在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個(gè)定語。
如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?
你還記得嗎，十年前的一天下午，我來到你家，找你借了一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈?
when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace實(shí)際上是修飾afternoon而不是修飾 years。ten years ago 實(shí)際上是定語后置修飾afternoon。
③先行詞與定語從句被謂語分隔開來。此時(shí)，先行詞通常是句子的主語，因定語從句較長，主句謂語較短，為使句子平衡，常將定語從句移至謂語之后
如：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
明天，新(男)老師將來較你德語。
【語法難點(diǎn)精析之besides,but,except,exept for,excepting,apart from的區(qū)別】
(1) besides與except
前者表示”除...以外，還有...”;后者表示”從整體中除去...”
這個(gè)大家都知道，就不舉例子了.
(2)except與except for
a.除去的和非除去的是同類事物，用except
eg：
All the essays are well written except Nelson's.
Nelson的文章(除去的)和All the essays(非除去的)是同類事物，所以用except.
b.除去的和非除去的不是同類事物，用except for，并且從語氣上通常表示遺憾.
eg：His essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
a few spelling mistakes(除去的)和His essay(非除去的)是不同類的事物.
(3)apart from 具有多重意義：既可表示besides，也可以表示exept或exept for，還可以表示without的意思
eg：
Apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.(=besides)
The orphan had no one to take care of him apart from his uncle.(=except)
He has done good work,apart from a few slight faults.(=except for)
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.實(shí)踐出真知.(=without)
(4)excepting =except,但一般用于句首或用于not，without，always等詞之后
eg:
Excepting his brother,they are all right.
Everyone,not excepting myself,must share the blame.
All of us,without excepting those who know more about the subject,should study.
All my brothers com here every day,always excepting the youngest.
(5)but與except同義，但but多用在every，any，no等和由這些詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞 如everything，anywhere，nobody等詞以后及all，none之后
eg：
The children go to school everyday but Sunday.
They are all gone but me.
You can get the book anywhere but here.
There is no one but me.
Who but George would do such a thing?
【too...to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定含義的情況】
我們知道too...to結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示否定含義,意為"太...以致于不能"
eg:He is too old to work.
但too...to在下列情況下卻表示肯定含義:
⑴當(dāng)too前或to前有否定詞構(gòu)成雙重否定時(shí).
eg:English is not too difficult to learn.
英語并不太難學(xué).
He is too wise not to see that.
他很聰明,不會(huì)不懂這一點(diǎn).
⑵當(dāng)too后是glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,apt,good,true,easy,near,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容詞或副詞時(shí).
eg:They are too anxious to leave.
他們急于離開.
He is too ready to help others.
他總是樂于助人.
與這些詞連用時(shí),too前還常加上only,all,but,just,simply等副詞,意思不變,因?yàn)檫@些詞加上too后與very同義.
eg:I'm only too glad to see you .
見到你非常高興.
They are but too pleased to hear the news.
他們聽到這個(gè)消息,非常高興.
⑶與cannot連用時(shí).