英語(yǔ)資源頻道為大家整理的china daily 雙語(yǔ)新聞：霧霾已成為中國(guó)夢(mèng)的敵人，供大家閱讀參考。
One of the most popular iPad apps in Beijing at present is China Air Pollution Index. The app is both addictive and disturbing. When I checked into a Beijing hotel recently, I found that – even from the 40th floor – I couldn't see further than one block because of the grey smog enveloping the city. So I checked the numbers and discovered that the AQ level, which measures fine particulates that are especially dangerous, was 250 – about five times the level deemed safe.
目前在北京歡迎的一款iPad應(yīng)用是"中國(guó)空氣污染指數(shù)"。這款應(yīng)用既令人著迷，又令人不安。最近，我在入住北京一家賓館時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，即便站在40層樓上，也無(wú)法看清一個(gè)街區(qū)以外的地方，因?yàn)檫@座城市已被灰色的霧霾包裹住了。于是我查看了一下數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)空氣污染水平（衡量尤為危險(xiǎn)的細(xì)微顆粒）是250，約為安全水平的5倍。
A few weeks earlier I had experienced Beijing at 350, a level that made my eyes sting and lungs ache, even inside a car. Back in January it went as high as 1,000, at which point the US embassy urges people to remain indoors with the windows shut.
幾周前，我還在北京體驗(yàn)過(guò)350的污染水平——即便坐在車?yán)?，也感覺(jué)眼疼肺痛。而更早一些，今年1月份北京的空氣污染水平曾達(dá)1000，當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)使館敦促人們留在室內(nèi)，關(guān)緊窗戶。
In fairness, when the wind blows the pollution away from Beijing, the sky can be blue and it is suddenly a pleasure to walk around. But a good day in Beijing is often a bad day elsewhere in the country.
公平地說(shuō)，當(dāng)大風(fēng)吹走霧霾時(shí)，北京的天空還是一片湛藍(lán)的，忽然之間，出外散步變成了一件愉悅的事。但北京天氣好起來(lái)時(shí)，中國(guó)其他地方的天氣往往很惡劣。
Pollution in China is now so bad that it threatens to obscure the vision being laid out by Xi Jinping, the new president. Mr Xi has popularised the idea of a "Chinese dream", an obvious foil to the American dream. His dream seems to involve increasing wealth at home and increasing power abroad.
如今，中國(guó)的污染如此嚴(yán)重，很可能會(huì)遮蔽住新任國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平規(guī)劃的愿景。習(xí)近平大力倡導(dǎo)"中國(guó)夢(mèng)"，顯然是為了對(duì)抗美國(guó)夢(mèng)。他的夢(mèng)想似乎是要對(duì)內(nèi)增加財(cái)富，對(duì)外增強(qiáng)國(guó)力。
But the choking smog suggests that the leadership needs to rethink its national goals. After all, what is the point of rapid economic growth if it creates cities in which it is dangerous to breathe?
但令人窒息的霧霾表明，中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層需要重新思考其國(guó)家目標(biāo)。畢竟，如果經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長(zhǎng)的后果是把城市變得連呼吸都危險(xiǎn)了，那么經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)又有什么意義？
One study, published in The Lancet medical journal last year, suggested that air pollution might have caused about 1.2m premature deaths in China in 2010 alone – a considerable figure even for a country of 1.3bn people. Beijing has registered a 60 per cent rise in lung cancer cases in the past decade.
醫(yī)學(xué)雜志《柳葉刀》(Lancet)去年發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)研究指出，僅2010年，中國(guó)空氣污染就可能導(dǎo)致約120萬(wàn)人過(guò)早死亡，即便對(duì)于一個(gè)擁有13億人口的國(guó)家而言，這一數(shù)字也相當(dāng)高了。過(guò)去10年間，北京肺癌發(fā)病率增長(zhǎng)了60%。
With pollution that bad, otherwise innocent sights take on a sinister aspect. Ma Jun, a prominent environmental activist, says that on days when the smog envelops the city he winces when he sees children playing football outdoors. Indeed many schools, foreign and Chinese, now forbid kids from playing outside on bad days.
污染如此嚴(yán)重，原本無(wú)害的景色也顯得邪惡起來(lái)。環(huán)保活動(dòng)人士馬軍表示，在霧霾包裹北京城的日子里，他看到孩子們?cè)谑彝馓咦闱驎?huì)感到痛苦。確實(shí)，很多學(xué)校（不管是面向外國(guó)人還是中國(guó)人的），如今都禁止孩子在污染嚴(yán)重的天氣里到室外玩耍。
The pollution in Beijing is also an international embarrassment. The government went to great lengths to show the city off at its best during the 2008 Olympics, yet now the first thing any foreign visitor wants to talk about is the pollution, and many expats talk about leaving.
北京的污染也讓中國(guó)政府在國(guó)際上處境尷尬。2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)期間，中國(guó)政府不遺余力地展現(xiàn)這座城市最美好的一面，然而現(xiàn)在，外國(guó)游客談?wù)摰牡谝患戮褪俏廴荆芏嘣谌A外籍人士正在考慮回國(guó)。
Even allowing for the installation of air filters in official residences, China's leaders have to breathe the same air as their citizens. So one might expect them to make pollution their top priority. But the signs are that rapid growth remains goal number one.
即便考慮到中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的官邸安裝空氣過(guò)濾器，但他們也得與公民呼吸同樣的空氣。于是，人們期望把治污當(dāng)成重中之重。然而種種跡象顯示，經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng)依然是首要目標(biāo)。
That is partly because, in recent decades, the government has derived its legitimacy from growth. Officials speak with justifiable pride about the hundreds of millions of people who have been lifted out of poverty. Influential pro-government academics, such as Shanghai's Zhang Weiwei, argue that the one-party system does not need a democratic mandate because it has "performance legitimacy", derived from improving the lot of ordinary people.
這在一定程度是因?yàn)?，過(guò)去幾十年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府的執(zhí)政合法性一直源于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。官員不無(wú)自豪地談?wù)撝?，中?guó)數(shù)億人已擺脫了貧困。如上海的張維為等富有影響力、支持政府的學(xué)者辯稱，一黨制不需要民主授權(quán)，因?yàn)檫@一制度了改善普通大眾的命運(yùn)，便從中獲得了"績(jī)效合法性"。
Yet the pollution problem suggests the leadership needs urgently to adopt a "greener" measure of "performance". It is not just the air. The rivers are often polluted by industrial waste, and the country has had a series of food-safety scandals.
然而污染問(wèn)題表明，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層需要迫切采取"更綠色"的"績(jī)效"措施。受到污染的不只是空氣。中國(guó)的河流也往往受到工業(yè)廢水的污染，而且中國(guó)已經(jīng)爆出一連串食品安全丑聞。
Local leaders and businesspeople also need to change direction. For the past 30 years, every provincial governor with an eye on a big job in Beijing knew that they would be judged by the local growth rate. Persuading them that they should now care as much about their city's air quality will be difficult when their personal and political fortunes are still tied to increasing the rate of economic expansion.
地方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人以及商人也需要改變方向。過(guò)去30年間，每一位希望在北京謀求高位的省長(zhǎng)都知道，當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率是評(píng)判他們表現(xiàn)如何的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在其個(gè)人及政治前途仍然系于經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張的速度之際，想要說(shuō)服他們對(duì)空氣質(zhì)量予以同等關(guān)注是很困難的。
Some of the necessary environmental measures are fairly obvious. Insisting on cleaner fuel for cars and stricter emission standards for factories and power stations is crucial. But enforcing those rules will involve facing down powerful interests in the state-owned energy and power companies.
中國(guó)顯然必須采取某些環(huán)保措施。要求汽車采用更清潔的燃油，在電廠以及工廠執(zhí)行更嚴(yán)格的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，都是十分關(guān)鍵的。但執(zhí)行這些規(guī)章則必須降服國(guó)有能源及電力企業(yè)強(qiáng)大的既得利益。
If nothing is done, the problem will certainly worsen. Coal-fired power stations continue to open at a great pace and the number of cars on the roads is projected to quadruple by 2030. The latter is, of course, part of the Chinese dream of rising affluence. But personal fulfilment threatens to create a collective nightmare.
如果無(wú)所作為，問(wèn)題肯定會(huì)惡化。中國(guó)各地大量新增燃煤發(fā)電廠繼續(xù)迅速投入使用，路上行駛的車輛預(yù)計(jì)到2030年增加3倍。當(dāng)然，擁有汽車是日益富裕的中國(guó)夢(mèng)的一個(gè)組成部分。但個(gè)人成就可能創(chuàng)造出集體夢(mèng)魘。
China can take some comfort from the fact that notoriously polluted cities elsewhere, such as London and Los Angeles, have been cleaned up. But the task for Beijing will be particularly tough. Mr Ma, the environmentalist, says: "London's problem was coal and LA's problem was cars. We have both."
世界其他地區(qū)以污染嚴(yán)重著稱的城市（例如倫敦和洛杉磯）最終都治理干凈了，可以讓中國(guó)從中感到一絲慰藉。但北京的任務(wù)異常艱巨。環(huán)保斗士馬軍表示："倫敦的問(wèn)題是煤炭，洛杉磯的問(wèn)題是汽車。而兩個(gè)問(wèn)題在我們這里同時(shí)存在。"
The fact that environmental activists are allowed to speak out, however, may be a sign that the government wants to act and is willing to encourage a public debate. The air-quality readings for Beijing used to be released only by the US embassy. Now the government releases its own figures in real time, which people can check on their phones as they move around the city.
但環(huán)保活動(dòng)人士被允許發(fā)聲，或許就表明，政府希望采取行動(dòng)，也愿意鼓勵(lì)公眾參與討論。以前只有美國(guó)使館發(fā)布北京的空氣污染指數(shù)。如今中國(guó)政府也實(shí)時(shí)發(fā)布自己的數(shù)據(jù)，人們?cè)谑袇^(qū)往來(lái)時(shí)，可以用手機(jī)查看這些數(shù)據(jù)。
Mr Xi has made clear that he wants to restore Chinese greatness. But greatness can be defined in many ways. The country can now take rising affluence and international respect for granted. The next dream for China should be cleaner air and water – and an open debate about how to get there.
習(xí)近平明確表示，他想實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)的偉大復(fù)興。但偉大的定義有很多種。如今中國(guó)可以把國(guó)家日益富裕、贏得國(guó)際尊敬視為理所當(dāng)然。中國(guó)的下一個(gè)夢(mèng)想應(yīng)該是更清潔的空氣和水——以及公開(kāi)討論如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。
One of the most popular iPad apps in Beijing at present is China Air Pollution Index. The app is both addictive and disturbing. When I checked into a Beijing hotel recently, I found that – even from the 40th floor – I couldn't see further than one block because of the grey smog enveloping the city. So I checked the numbers and discovered that the AQ level, which measures fine particulates that are especially dangerous, was 250 – about five times the level deemed safe.
目前在北京歡迎的一款iPad應(yīng)用是"中國(guó)空氣污染指數(shù)"。這款應(yīng)用既令人著迷，又令人不安。最近，我在入住北京一家賓館時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，即便站在40層樓上，也無(wú)法看清一個(gè)街區(qū)以外的地方，因?yàn)檫@座城市已被灰色的霧霾包裹住了。于是我查看了一下數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)空氣污染水平（衡量尤為危險(xiǎn)的細(xì)微顆粒）是250，約為安全水平的5倍。
A few weeks earlier I had experienced Beijing at 350, a level that made my eyes sting and lungs ache, even inside a car. Back in January it went as high as 1,000, at which point the US embassy urges people to remain indoors with the windows shut.
幾周前，我還在北京體驗(yàn)過(guò)350的污染水平——即便坐在車?yán)?，也感覺(jué)眼疼肺痛。而更早一些，今年1月份北京的空氣污染水平曾達(dá)1000，當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)使館敦促人們留在室內(nèi)，關(guān)緊窗戶。
In fairness, when the wind blows the pollution away from Beijing, the sky can be blue and it is suddenly a pleasure to walk around. But a good day in Beijing is often a bad day elsewhere in the country.
公平地說(shuō)，當(dāng)大風(fēng)吹走霧霾時(shí)，北京的天空還是一片湛藍(lán)的，忽然之間，出外散步變成了一件愉悅的事。但北京天氣好起來(lái)時(shí)，中國(guó)其他地方的天氣往往很惡劣。
Pollution in China is now so bad that it threatens to obscure the vision being laid out by Xi Jinping, the new president. Mr Xi has popularised the idea of a "Chinese dream", an obvious foil to the American dream. His dream seems to involve increasing wealth at home and increasing power abroad.
如今，中國(guó)的污染如此嚴(yán)重，很可能會(huì)遮蔽住新任國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平規(guī)劃的愿景。習(xí)近平大力倡導(dǎo)"中國(guó)夢(mèng)"，顯然是為了對(duì)抗美國(guó)夢(mèng)。他的夢(mèng)想似乎是要對(duì)內(nèi)增加財(cái)富，對(duì)外增強(qiáng)國(guó)力。
But the choking smog suggests that the leadership needs to rethink its national goals. After all, what is the point of rapid economic growth if it creates cities in which it is dangerous to breathe?
但令人窒息的霧霾表明，中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層需要重新思考其國(guó)家目標(biāo)。畢竟，如果經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長(zhǎng)的后果是把城市變得連呼吸都危險(xiǎn)了，那么經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)又有什么意義？
One study, published in The Lancet medical journal last year, suggested that air pollution might have caused about 1.2m premature deaths in China in 2010 alone – a considerable figure even for a country of 1.3bn people. Beijing has registered a 60 per cent rise in lung cancer cases in the past decade.
醫(yī)學(xué)雜志《柳葉刀》(Lancet)去年發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)研究指出，僅2010年，中國(guó)空氣污染就可能導(dǎo)致約120萬(wàn)人過(guò)早死亡，即便對(duì)于一個(gè)擁有13億人口的國(guó)家而言，這一數(shù)字也相當(dāng)高了。過(guò)去10年間，北京肺癌發(fā)病率增長(zhǎng)了60%。
With pollution that bad, otherwise innocent sights take on a sinister aspect. Ma Jun, a prominent environmental activist, says that on days when the smog envelops the city he winces when he sees children playing football outdoors. Indeed many schools, foreign and Chinese, now forbid kids from playing outside on bad days.
污染如此嚴(yán)重，原本無(wú)害的景色也顯得邪惡起來(lái)。環(huán)保活動(dòng)人士馬軍表示，在霧霾包裹北京城的日子里，他看到孩子們?cè)谑彝馓咦闱驎?huì)感到痛苦。確實(shí)，很多學(xué)校（不管是面向外國(guó)人還是中國(guó)人的），如今都禁止孩子在污染嚴(yán)重的天氣里到室外玩耍。
The pollution in Beijing is also an international embarrassment. The government went to great lengths to show the city off at its best during the 2008 Olympics, yet now the first thing any foreign visitor wants to talk about is the pollution, and many expats talk about leaving.
北京的污染也讓中國(guó)政府在國(guó)際上處境尷尬。2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)期間，中國(guó)政府不遺余力地展現(xiàn)這座城市最美好的一面，然而現(xiàn)在，外國(guó)游客談?wù)摰牡谝患戮褪俏廴荆芏嘣谌A外籍人士正在考慮回國(guó)。
Even allowing for the installation of air filters in official residences, China's leaders have to breathe the same air as their citizens. So one might expect them to make pollution their top priority. But the signs are that rapid growth remains goal number one.
即便考慮到中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的官邸安裝空氣過(guò)濾器，但他們也得與公民呼吸同樣的空氣。于是，人們期望把治污當(dāng)成重中之重。然而種種跡象顯示，經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng)依然是首要目標(biāo)。
That is partly because, in recent decades, the government has derived its legitimacy from growth. Officials speak with justifiable pride about the hundreds of millions of people who have been lifted out of poverty. Influential pro-government academics, such as Shanghai's Zhang Weiwei, argue that the one-party system does not need a democratic mandate because it has "performance legitimacy", derived from improving the lot of ordinary people.
這在一定程度是因?yàn)?，過(guò)去幾十年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府的執(zhí)政合法性一直源于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。官員不無(wú)自豪地談?wù)撝?，中?guó)數(shù)億人已擺脫了貧困。如上海的張維為等富有影響力、支持政府的學(xué)者辯稱，一黨制不需要民主授權(quán)，因?yàn)檫@一制度了改善普通大眾的命運(yùn)，便從中獲得了"績(jī)效合法性"。
Yet the pollution problem suggests the leadership needs urgently to adopt a "greener" measure of "performance". It is not just the air. The rivers are often polluted by industrial waste, and the country has had a series of food-safety scandals.
然而污染問(wèn)題表明，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層需要迫切采取"更綠色"的"績(jī)效"措施。受到污染的不只是空氣。中國(guó)的河流也往往受到工業(yè)廢水的污染，而且中國(guó)已經(jīng)爆出一連串食品安全丑聞。
Local leaders and businesspeople also need to change direction. For the past 30 years, every provincial governor with an eye on a big job in Beijing knew that they would be judged by the local growth rate. Persuading them that they should now care as much about their city's air quality will be difficult when their personal and political fortunes are still tied to increasing the rate of economic expansion.
地方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人以及商人也需要改變方向。過(guò)去30年間，每一位希望在北京謀求高位的省長(zhǎng)都知道，當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率是評(píng)判他們表現(xiàn)如何的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在其個(gè)人及政治前途仍然系于經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張的速度之際，想要說(shuō)服他們對(duì)空氣質(zhì)量予以同等關(guān)注是很困難的。
Some of the necessary environmental measures are fairly obvious. Insisting on cleaner fuel for cars and stricter emission standards for factories and power stations is crucial. But enforcing those rules will involve facing down powerful interests in the state-owned energy and power companies.
中國(guó)顯然必須采取某些環(huán)保措施。要求汽車采用更清潔的燃油，在電廠以及工廠執(zhí)行更嚴(yán)格的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，都是十分關(guān)鍵的。但執(zhí)行這些規(guī)章則必須降服國(guó)有能源及電力企業(yè)強(qiáng)大的既得利益。
If nothing is done, the problem will certainly worsen. Coal-fired power stations continue to open at a great pace and the number of cars on the roads is projected to quadruple by 2030. The latter is, of course, part of the Chinese dream of rising affluence. But personal fulfilment threatens to create a collective nightmare.
如果無(wú)所作為，問(wèn)題肯定會(huì)惡化。中國(guó)各地大量新增燃煤發(fā)電廠繼續(xù)迅速投入使用，路上行駛的車輛預(yù)計(jì)到2030年增加3倍。當(dāng)然，擁有汽車是日益富裕的中國(guó)夢(mèng)的一個(gè)組成部分。但個(gè)人成就可能創(chuàng)造出集體夢(mèng)魘。
China can take some comfort from the fact that notoriously polluted cities elsewhere, such as London and Los Angeles, have been cleaned up. But the task for Beijing will be particularly tough. Mr Ma, the environmentalist, says: "London's problem was coal and LA's problem was cars. We have both."
世界其他地區(qū)以污染嚴(yán)重著稱的城市（例如倫敦和洛杉磯）最終都治理干凈了，可以讓中國(guó)從中感到一絲慰藉。但北京的任務(wù)異常艱巨。環(huán)保斗士馬軍表示："倫敦的問(wèn)題是煤炭，洛杉磯的問(wèn)題是汽車。而兩個(gè)問(wèn)題在我們這里同時(shí)存在。"
The fact that environmental activists are allowed to speak out, however, may be a sign that the government wants to act and is willing to encourage a public debate. The air-quality readings for Beijing used to be released only by the US embassy. Now the government releases its own figures in real time, which people can check on their phones as they move around the city.
但環(huán)保活動(dòng)人士被允許發(fā)聲，或許就表明，政府希望采取行動(dòng)，也愿意鼓勵(lì)公眾參與討論。以前只有美國(guó)使館發(fā)布北京的空氣污染指數(shù)。如今中國(guó)政府也實(shí)時(shí)發(fā)布自己的數(shù)據(jù)，人們?cè)谑袇^(qū)往來(lái)時(shí)，可以用手機(jī)查看這些數(shù)據(jù)。
Mr Xi has made clear that he wants to restore Chinese greatness. But greatness can be defined in many ways. The country can now take rising affluence and international respect for granted. The next dream for China should be cleaner air and water – and an open debate about how to get there.
習(xí)近平明確表示，他想實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)的偉大復(fù)興。但偉大的定義有很多種。如今中國(guó)可以把國(guó)家日益富裕、贏得國(guó)際尊敬視為理所當(dāng)然。中國(guó)的下一個(gè)夢(mèng)想應(yīng)該是更清潔的空氣和水——以及公開(kāi)討論如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。