Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Facebook Moms
A． Kimberly Gervaise, a stay-at-home mother of three in Little Silver, N.J., joined Facebook five years ago and only posts every couple of months, mostly sharing photos from special events, like birthdays. She has 393 friends, and wishes some of them would tuck it in (收斂) a bit. "I get a little annoyed about people who feel the need to post a picture of a straight-A report card--and there are many," she says. "I am sure that most of the time, they are just proud, but I find it annoying." ~
B． Gervaise says more and more mothers are using Facebook as a platform to boast about their lives, their kids, their parenting techniques. And that's making it harder and harder for morns like her to log on without getting slapped in the face. Bragging about your kids is nothing new, but before Facebook, the Compare & Contrast game was mostly played at the playground or the preschool parking lot. Morns would stand around discreetly scrutinizing kids to see who was hitting milestones faster or slower than their own children. Now it's going on all day, every day, in a vast electronic sandbox.
C． Facebook morns are constantly bombarded with updates about their friends' kids and their accomplishments. Daily, hourly even. According to Edison Research's Moms and Media 2013 report, 57% of morns on Facebook are over 35--these women are the first generation to have raised their children entirely in the Facebook era. They started out single, gossiping and posting party photos and flirting, and now they're changing diapers, worrying about peanut allergies and diligently navigating the sometimes treacherous mommy waters. And if they're active on Facebook, they're learning in front of a huge, rapt audience.
D． Mothers are heavy Facebook users. Edison's 2013 research reveals that 7 out of 10 moms have a profile, and there are more than 1,000 mommy groups, public and private. These groups range in size from hundreds of members to tens of thousands, and they are discussing everything from potty training to gaming that private- school admissions test.
E.Of all the members on Facebook, moms check in the most(an average of 5.1 times a day, according to Edison), and they keep coming back, even if they are being battered with subtle--and sometimes not so subtle--"My kid's smarter/healthier/happier than yours" remarks. For the mom who barely gets her kids' shoes on before hustling them off to school, posts that portray the perfect family can stir up guilt or even self-loathing( 自我厭惡 ). "Who has time to draw pictures with children? Who has time to clean up the giant mess?" says Meredith DePersia, a working mother of two in San Francisco. "When I see these posts, I definitely feel like a lazy person."
F.The great time-killer is now a massive ego-killer, and even a mommy-blogger with a huge following feels vulnerable."Facebook makes me feel bad," says Glennon Doyle Melton, who had a New York Times best- seller with Carry On, Warrior."No matter how satisfied I am with my life， career, family, social life, house, etc., as soon as I log on to Facebook and peek into others' lives, I immediately feel that unease caused by comparison."
G. This is turning many rooms off. "One thing that drove me crazy when my son was younger was moms posting about how well their baby slept," a morn from Texas recalls. "Our son was a pretty poor sleeper, and we spent so much of that first year utterly exhausted. So to be honest, when I would see a post gloating, ' X slept for six hours straight last night! ' I would immediately hide that person for a while because it would irritate me." An online media professional and mom of one from Falls Church, Va., is so fired of playing the game. "I kind of avoid Facebook entirely," she says, "because I'm sick of everyone's presentation of perfection."
H. There is nothing in the Facebook rules that requires complete honesty and total disclosure, and it is human nature to portray the best version of one's life. From carefully presenting our vacation pictures to sharing perfectly posed first-day-of-school photos, all of us, not just moms, try to portray a problem-free, fun-filled, blissful life. And that can be pretty annoying if you've just spent the morning watching your 4-year-old repaint your kitchen walls with oatmeal( 麥片粥).
I."An acquaintance posted a drawing her daughter had made, and it was so perfect. Way more than my son could do, even though he is the same age," says a teacher and mother from Texas."I panicked for a minute, but talked myself down. If someone is posting positive, cheerful, perfect things all the time, I always think: Nope. Not buying it. No one's life is that perfect."
J.Part of the problem is that this isn't happening in real time, face to face. That means moms who might not mean to offend are missing the social cues that normally put a damper on excessive crowing. "Social networks like Facebook haven't changed the way people respond to bragging; they've changed how much people brag," says Dr. Pamela Rutledge, director of the Media Psychology Research Center. "The ability to publicize so much has blurred the line between sharing and boasting. When you brag in a group, you. notice when they wander away. When you brag on Facebook, it's harder to tell who you're alienating."
K. Dr. Saedi, author of the blog Millennial Media, thinks it's important to keep it all in perspective. "Remember that, like TV, not everything you see on Facebook is true. No one's life is perfect. And the more that people try to prove how great it is, the more it's often a sign that it's not. It's important for rooms on Facebook to take a step back, get some distance and reassess."
L.Many feeling-smothered mothers don't want to "step back"; they want to escape, to be free. "I deleted my Facebook account!" crows a stay-at-home mom of two in Austin, Texas. "I hated the'Keeping up with the Joneses' behavior that Facebook engenders." Not everyone is ready--or able---to completely cut the Facebook umbilical cord(臍帶). One mom decided she just needed to take control of her page, and silence the braggers and know-everythings. "I cleaned house a year ago and only connect with people I'm actually friends or family with," she says. "I found that I'd catch up on Facebook and be bad-tempered after, so I changed my profile to only let Facebook be what I want it to be."
M. Even mommy-blogger Melton took a Facebook vacation. For 40 days, the 101,000 followers of her Momastery website waited patiently as she took a rest. It was during this break that she realized how unhappy Facebook made her at times. "I called my younger sister the other day and said, 'I'm going to quit Facebook.
I don't use it right. Whether I want to or not, I just end up comparing myself to everyone else.' "
N. "And (my) sister said, 'Actually, you're using it for the exact thing it was originally designed for. Remember, some college guys made it so that students could compare women to each other and decide who was hotter.' " Melton ponders this for a moment. "And I thought, Ah. Right. Huh. The origin of Facebook is really annoying and offensive, when you think about it. And even more annoying is that we often still use it for what it was originally intended: comparison."
46. Comparison was the original function when people designed Facebook and the function has been in use since then.
47. People on Facebook are not required to tell completely true stories about themselves when sharing information with others.
48. Kimberly Gervaise hopes some of her almost 400 hundred friends on Facebook can be modest a bit.
49. A mom from Fall Church, Va. is fed up with the endless comparison and the show-off of one's perfect life on Facebook.
50. Due to the non-real-time communication on Facebook, morns don't know they have hurt others when they boast about themselves.
51. According to Edison 2013 research, mothers use Facebook a lot since 70% percent of them own a profile.
52. Facebook makes it possible now for mothers to compare and boast kids at every moment every day.
53. Meredith DePersia felt ashamed for herself when she read from Facebook the perfect life of others.
54. Edison Research finds that more than half of the Fackbook rooms have started to use it even before they were married.
55. Dr. Sadei thinks that when people post their perfect life on Facebook, the reality may not be the case.
Section B
【參考譯文】
媽媽們的臉譜生活
A．金伯利·熱爾韋斯是三個孩子的媽媽，她住在新澤西州的LittleSilver，是全職太太。五年前她加入臉譜網(wǎng)，每隔幾個月才上傳點東西，主要是分享諸如生日這類特殊活動的照片。[48]她有393位好友。她希望有的好友能夠稍微收斂一點。她說：“有的人連得A的成績單也要曬出來，這樣的人還不少，這使我有點煩。我肯定大部分時候，這些人只是感到很驕傲，但我發(fā)現(xiàn)這有點讓人煩心。”
B．熱爾韋斯說，越來越多的媽媽們把臉譜網(wǎng)當(dāng)做炫耀自已生活、孩子以及育兒技巧的平臺。這使得像她一樣的媽媽們每次登錄進(jìn)去都有被打了耳光一樣的感覺。[52]炫耀自家的孩子也不是什么新鮮事，但有臉譜網(wǎng)以前，比拼的把戲大多是在孩子玩耍的地方或?qū)W前班的停車場上進(jìn)行。媽媽們會在孩子周圍密切注意著他們，看誰比自己的孩子進(jìn)入各個重要階段更早或更晚。而現(xiàn)在．這樣的比較整天。每一天都在龐大的電子沙坑主進(jìn)行著。
C．臉譜網(wǎng)的媽媽們不斷收到成堆的最新消息，都是關(guān)于朋友們的孩子和這些孩子的各種成就的。每天都有，甚至每小時都有。[54]據(jù)艾迪森研究所2013年母親和媒體報告稱，臉譜網(wǎng)上57％的媽媽年齡超過35歲。這些母親是第一批完全在臉譜時代養(yǎng)育兒女的人。她們起初還是單身，說點閑話。曬些派對照片或者與人調(diào)調(diào)情。但現(xiàn)在。她們換尿布．擔(dān)心花生過敏，不辭辛苦地航行在有時會充滿狂風(fēng)暴雨的“母童之?！敝小＜偃缢齻冊谀樧V上很活躍，那么她們正在一大群專心致志的觀眾面前學(xué)習(xí)。
D．[51]媽媽們對臉譜網(wǎng)的使用很多。艾迪森2013年的研究表明每10位媽媽中就有7位建立了自己的檔案。而且臉譜網(wǎng)上有一千多個媽媽群，有些是公開的，有些是私人的。這些群里少則有成百上千人，多則有成千上萬人。她們討論的話題從訓(xùn)練孩子使用便盆到如何應(yīng)對私立學(xué)校入學(xué)考試，無所不包。
E.在臉譜網(wǎng)用戶中，媽媽們查看得最勤(按照艾迪森的統(tǒng)計，平均每天5．1次)，她們不斷回到臉譜網(wǎng)上，即使她們總是被一些暗含的——有時還挺直白的——“我的孩子比你的聰明，健康，快樂”的評論打擊。那些在拉孩子去學(xué)校之前，勉勉強(qiáng)強(qiáng)能讓他們穿上鞋的媽媽認(rèn)為，[53]對于完美的家庭的描繪會讓人感到內(nèi)疚甚至自我厭惡?！罢l有時間和孩子一起畫畫?誰有時間去清理凌亂不堪的家?”在舊金山市工作的兩個孩子的母親梅瑞狄斯·德佩爾西亞說，“[53]我看到這些文章時．真覺得自己是個懶人?！?BR> F.消磨時光的好幫手現(xiàn)在變成了強(qiáng)大的自尊劊子手，甚至連擁有眾多粉絲的媽媽博主也感到脆弱不堪。榮登《紐約時報》暢銷書排行榜的《繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，勇士》的作者格倫農(nóng)·多伊爾·梅爾頓說：“臉譜網(wǎng)讓我感到難過，無論我對自己的生活、事業(yè)、家庭、社交、住房等有多滿意，我一登錄臉譜網(wǎng)，窺視到別人的生活，并與之比較之后，我就立刻感到渾身不自在?！?BR> G.這使得很多媽媽們關(guān)閉了臉譜。“我兒子小的時候，讓我感到特別受不了的是別的媽媽們曬自己的孩子睡得有多好?！币晃粊碜缘每怂_斯州的媽媽回憶道?！拔覂鹤铀吆懿缓?，我們在他出生的第一年使出渾身解數(shù)，徹底累壞了。所以，說實話，我一看到有人發(fā)帖說某某小孩昨晚睡了六個小時沒有醒過，我就會立刻隱藏說這話的人一段時間，因為這惹惱了我?！盵49]來自弗吉尼亞州福爾斯徹奇市的一位資深網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體人，同時也是一個孩子的母親已經(jīng)非常厭倦這種游戲?！拔矣悬c想徹底不再上臉譜網(wǎng)了，”她說，“因為我對每個人展示的完美感到厭倦?！?BR> H.[47]臉譜網(wǎng)上沒有任何規(guī)定要求完全誠實和公開所有信息。而人性就是這樣，要描繪自己生活中的一面。從精心展示我們的假日照片到分享姿勢完美的第一天上學(xué)照，我們所有人，不僅僅是媽媽們，都極力刻畫一個無憂無慮、充滿樂趣和幸福的人生。如果正巧那天早上你看見四歲的孩子正在用燕麥粥重新粉刷廚房的墻壁，那真是夠令人討厭的。
I.“一個我認(rèn)識的人曬了一張她女兒畫的畫，那幅畫堪稱完美。雖然她和我兒子一樣大，但是她畫得比我兒子強(qiáng)得多?！币晃粊碜缘每怂_斯的教師兼母親說?！拔倚耐戳似?，但說服自己冷靜下來。如果某個人一直曬積極的、歡樂的、美好的東西，我總是想：不可能。我不信。沒有人的生活會那么完美?！?BR> J.[50]一部分問題是，這不是實時發(fā)生的，羞不是面對面的交流。這意味那些無意冒犯別人的媽媽們可能沒有注意到我們的社交提示往往是抑制過分的自鳴得意?！跋衲樧V網(wǎng)這樣的社交網(wǎng)站并沒有改變?nèi)藗儗乓姆磻?yīng)方式。這些網(wǎng)站只是改變了人們炫耀的程度。”媒體心理學(xué)研究中心主任帕梅拉·拉特利奇博士說，“能夠進(jìn)行如此大量的自我宣傳模糊了分享和炫耀的界限。你在人群里自我吹噓的時候，你會注意到人們的離去?？赡阍谀樧V網(wǎng)上吹噓時，很難分辨你疏遠(yuǎn)了誰。”
K.千年媒體博客的作者薩迪博士認(rèn)為保持清醒是很重要的?！坝涀?，就像看電視一樣，并非你在臉譜網(wǎng)上看到的一切都是真的。沒有人的生活是完美的。[55]人們越是試圖證明生活多么好，他們的生活越有可能并不那么好。對于臉譜網(wǎng)上的媽媽們來說，后退一步，保持一定的距離并重新評估自己很重要?！?BR> L.許多感覺窒息的母親不想“后退一步”；她們想逃避，想要自由。“我刪除了我的臉譜網(wǎng)賬戶!”得克薩斯州奧斯汀市一位有兩個孩子的家庭主婦得意地說，“我討厭臉譜網(wǎng)產(chǎn)生的攀比行為?！钡皇敲總€人都準(zhǔn)備好了——或能夠——完全切斷與臉譜網(wǎng)的聯(lián)系。一個媽媽決定要控制自己的頁面，讓吹牛的人和自以為無所不知的人閉上嘴?！拔乙荒昵扒謇砹撕糜?，只與家人或朋友聯(lián)系?！彼f，“我發(fā)現(xiàn)我想上臉譜網(wǎng)了解大家的近況，但了解之后會變得暴躁不安，所以我改變了自己的基本資料，只讓臉譜網(wǎng)成為我想要的那樣。”
M.就連媽咪博主梅爾頓也在臉譜網(wǎng)上休假了。整整40天里，她Momastery網(wǎng)站的l0．1萬個粉絲在她休息時，耐心等待著。正是在這期間，她意識到了臉譜網(wǎng)有時讓她那么不快樂?！拔矣幸惶旖o妹妹打電話說：
‘我要戒了臉譜網(wǎng)。我沒有合理使用它。無論我是不是想，在臉譜網(wǎng)上，最終我還是要把自己和別人比較。’”
N.“然后(我)妹妹說：‘實際上，[46]你使用臉譜網(wǎng)的正是它最初被設(shè)計的功能。記住。是一些大學(xué)生創(chuàng)造了臉譜，這樣他們就能比較女人，并選出最惹火的那個?！泵窢栴D思考了片刻?！叭缓笪蚁?，啊。是的。呵呵。想起來，臉譜網(wǎng)的初衰就是令人惱火并帶有攻擊性的。[46]讓人更惱火的是，我們還經(jīng)常使用它以達(dá)到它最初的目的：比較。”
【答案解析】
46．N
解析：題干意為，當(dāng)初人們設(shè)計臉譜網(wǎng)時的功能就是為了比較，而且從那時起這個功能一直在被使用。
注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞0riginalfunction。關(guān)于臉譜網(wǎng)最初的作用的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在N段。該段指出，一些大學(xué)生創(chuàng)造了臉譜網(wǎng)，這樣他們可以比較女人，由此可知它最初的作用就是比較。最后一句指出，讓人更惱火的是，我們還經(jīng)常使用它以達(dá)到它最初的目的：比較。由此可見，題干對原文進(jìn)行了同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是N。
47．H
解析：題干意為，臉譜網(wǎng)上的人們在與他人分享信息時，并未被要求完全真實地分享關(guān)于自己的事情。
注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞People on Facebook、required和completely true stories。關(guān)于臉譜網(wǎng)是否要求人們給出真實信息的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在H段。該段第一句指出，臉譜網(wǎng)上沒有任何規(guī)定要求完全誠實和公開所有信息。由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是H。題干中的tell completelytrue stories與原文中的complete honesty及total disclosure是同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
48．A
解析：題干意為，金伯利·熱爾韋斯希望她臉譜網(wǎng)上大約400名好友中的一部分人能夠稍微謙虛點。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞Kimberly Gervaise。關(guān)于該女士的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在A段。該段第二句指出。她有393位好友。她希望有的好友能夠稍微收斂一點。由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是A。題干中的modest與原文的tuckitin相對應(yīng)。
49．G
解析：題干意為，來自弗吉尼亞州福爾斯徹奇市的一位媽媽厭倦了臉譜網(wǎng)上沒完沒了的比較和對自己完美生活的炫耀。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞FallChurch，Va．。關(guān)于弗吉尼亞州福爾斯徹奇市的一位媽媽的觀點在G段出現(xiàn)。該段中最后兩句指出，來自弗吉尼亞州福爾斯徹奇市的一位……母親已經(jīng)十分厭倦這種游戲?！拔矣悬c想徹底不再上臉譜網(wǎng)了，”她說，“因為我對每個人展示的完美感到厭倦。”由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是G。題干中的show．off與原文的presentation ofperfection是同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
50．J
解析：題干意為，由于臉譜網(wǎng)上的交流不是實時的，媽媽們在自我吹噓的時候不知道她們已經(jīng)傷害了別人。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞non．real．dmecommunication。關(guān)于臉譜網(wǎng)非實時交流的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在J段。該段第一、二句指出，一部分問題是，這不是實時發(fā)生的，并不是面對面的交流。這意味那些無意冒犯別人的媽媽們可能沒有注意到我們的社交提示往往是抑制過分的自鳴得意。由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是J。題干中的boastabout與原文的crowing相對應(yīng)。
51．D
解析：題干意為，根據(jù)艾迪森2013年研究結(jié)果，媽媽們對臉譜網(wǎng)的使用很多，她們中70％的人在臉譜網(wǎng)有個人檔案。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞Edison2013 research。關(guān)于艾迪森2013年研究結(jié)果的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在D段。該段中第一、二句指出，媽媽們對臉譜網(wǎng)的使用很多。艾迪森2013年的研究表明每10位媽媽中就有7位建立了自己的檔案。由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是D。題干中的alot與原文的heavy相對應(yīng)，70％與原文70utofl0是同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
52．B
解析：題干意為，臉譜網(wǎng)使得媽媽們可以每天、每時每刻都對孩子進(jìn)行比較并炫耀自己的孩子。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞mothers和compare。關(guān)于媽媽們對孩子進(jìn)行比較的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在B段。該段第三、四、五句指出，炫耀自家的孩子也不是什么新鮮事，但有臉譜網(wǎng)以前，比拼的把戲大多是在孩子玩耍的地方或?qū)W前班的停車場上進(jìn)行。媽媽們會在孩子周圍密切注意著他們，看誰比自己的孩子進(jìn)入各個重要階段更早或更晚。而現(xiàn)在，這樣的比較整天，每一天都在龐大的電子沙坑中進(jìn)行著。由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是B。題干中的boast與原文中的bragging相對應(yīng)。
53．E
解析：題干意為，梅瑞狄斯·德佩爾西亞在臉譜網(wǎng)上看到別人的完美生活時，對自己感到羞愧。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞MeredithDePerfia。關(guān)于該女士的想法的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在E段。該段第二句提到，“對于完美的家庭的描繪會讓人感到內(nèi)疚甚至自我厭惡。”而最后一句又提到，“我看到這些文章時，真覺得自己是個懶人。”由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是E。題干中的ashamed與原文中的guilt相對應(yīng)。
54．C
解析：題干意為，艾迪森研究所發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過半數(shù)使用臉譜網(wǎng)的媽媽們甚至在結(jié)婚以前就已經(jīng)開始使用該網(wǎng)站了。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞EdisonResearch及before…married。關(guān)于該機(jī)構(gòu)的研究結(jié)果以及媽媽們從何時開始使用臉譜網(wǎng)的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在C段。該段第二、三句指出，據(jù)艾迪森研究所2013年母親和媒體報告稱，臉譜網(wǎng)上57％的媽媽年齡超過35歲，這些母親是第一批完全在臉譜時代養(yǎng)育兒女的人。她們起初還是單身……但現(xiàn)在，她們換尿布……由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是C。題干中的more than half與原文中的57％是同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
55．K
解析：題干意為，薩迪博士認(rèn)為，人們在臉譜上曬出完美的生活時，現(xiàn)實情況可能并不是這么一回事。
注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞Dr．Saedi，關(guān)于他的言論的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在K段。該段倒數(shù)第二句指出。人們越是試圖證明生活多么好，他們的生活越有可能并不那么好。由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是K。
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Facebook Moms
A． Kimberly Gervaise, a stay-at-home mother of three in Little Silver, N.J., joined Facebook five years ago and only posts every couple of months, mostly sharing photos from special events, like birthdays. She has 393 friends, and wishes some of them would tuck it in (收斂) a bit. "I get a little annoyed about people who feel the need to post a picture of a straight-A report card--and there are many," she says. "I am sure that most of the time, they are just proud, but I find it annoying." ~
B． Gervaise says more and more mothers are using Facebook as a platform to boast about their lives, their kids, their parenting techniques. And that's making it harder and harder for morns like her to log on without getting slapped in the face. Bragging about your kids is nothing new, but before Facebook, the Compare & Contrast game was mostly played at the playground or the preschool parking lot. Morns would stand around discreetly scrutinizing kids to see who was hitting milestones faster or slower than their own children. Now it's going on all day, every day, in a vast electronic sandbox.
C． Facebook morns are constantly bombarded with updates about their friends' kids and their accomplishments. Daily, hourly even. According to Edison Research's Moms and Media 2013 report, 57% of morns on Facebook are over 35--these women are the first generation to have raised their children entirely in the Facebook era. They started out single, gossiping and posting party photos and flirting, and now they're changing diapers, worrying about peanut allergies and diligently navigating the sometimes treacherous mommy waters. And if they're active on Facebook, they're learning in front of a huge, rapt audience.
D． Mothers are heavy Facebook users. Edison's 2013 research reveals that 7 out of 10 moms have a profile, and there are more than 1,000 mommy groups, public and private. These groups range in size from hundreds of members to tens of thousands, and they are discussing everything from potty training to gaming that private- school admissions test.
E.Of all the members on Facebook, moms check in the most(an average of 5.1 times a day, according to Edison), and they keep coming back, even if they are being battered with subtle--and sometimes not so subtle--"My kid's smarter/healthier/happier than yours" remarks. For the mom who barely gets her kids' shoes on before hustling them off to school, posts that portray the perfect family can stir up guilt or even self-loathing( 自我厭惡 ). "Who has time to draw pictures with children? Who has time to clean up the giant mess?" says Meredith DePersia, a working mother of two in San Francisco. "When I see these posts, I definitely feel like a lazy person."
F.The great time-killer is now a massive ego-killer, and even a mommy-blogger with a huge following feels vulnerable."Facebook makes me feel bad," says Glennon Doyle Melton, who had a New York Times best- seller with Carry On, Warrior."No matter how satisfied I am with my life， career, family, social life, house, etc., as soon as I log on to Facebook and peek into others' lives, I immediately feel that unease caused by comparison."
G. This is turning many rooms off. "One thing that drove me crazy when my son was younger was moms posting about how well their baby slept," a morn from Texas recalls. "Our son was a pretty poor sleeper, and we spent so much of that first year utterly exhausted. So to be honest, when I would see a post gloating, ' X slept for six hours straight last night! ' I would immediately hide that person for a while because it would irritate me." An online media professional and mom of one from Falls Church, Va., is so fired of playing the game. "I kind of avoid Facebook entirely," she says, "because I'm sick of everyone's presentation of perfection."
H. There is nothing in the Facebook rules that requires complete honesty and total disclosure, and it is human nature to portray the best version of one's life. From carefully presenting our vacation pictures to sharing perfectly posed first-day-of-school photos, all of us, not just moms, try to portray a problem-free, fun-filled, blissful life. And that can be pretty annoying if you've just spent the morning watching your 4-year-old repaint your kitchen walls with oatmeal( 麥片粥).
I."An acquaintance posted a drawing her daughter had made, and it was so perfect. Way more than my son could do, even though he is the same age," says a teacher and mother from Texas."I panicked for a minute, but talked myself down. If someone is posting positive, cheerful, perfect things all the time, I always think: Nope. Not buying it. No one's life is that perfect."
J.Part of the problem is that this isn't happening in real time, face to face. That means moms who might not mean to offend are missing the social cues that normally put a damper on excessive crowing. "Social networks like Facebook haven't changed the way people respond to bragging; they've changed how much people brag," says Dr. Pamela Rutledge, director of the Media Psychology Research Center. "The ability to publicize so much has blurred the line between sharing and boasting. When you brag in a group, you. notice when they wander away. When you brag on Facebook, it's harder to tell who you're alienating."
K. Dr. Saedi, author of the blog Millennial Media, thinks it's important to keep it all in perspective. "Remember that, like TV, not everything you see on Facebook is true. No one's life is perfect. And the more that people try to prove how great it is, the more it's often a sign that it's not. It's important for rooms on Facebook to take a step back, get some distance and reassess."
L.Many feeling-smothered mothers don't want to "step back"; they want to escape, to be free. "I deleted my Facebook account!" crows a stay-at-home mom of two in Austin, Texas. "I hated the'Keeping up with the Joneses' behavior that Facebook engenders." Not everyone is ready--or able---to completely cut the Facebook umbilical cord(臍帶). One mom decided she just needed to take control of her page, and silence the braggers and know-everythings. "I cleaned house a year ago and only connect with people I'm actually friends or family with," she says. "I found that I'd catch up on Facebook and be bad-tempered after, so I changed my profile to only let Facebook be what I want it to be."
M. Even mommy-blogger Melton took a Facebook vacation. For 40 days, the 101,000 followers of her Momastery website waited patiently as she took a rest. It was during this break that she realized how unhappy Facebook made her at times. "I called my younger sister the other day and said, 'I'm going to quit Facebook.
I don't use it right. Whether I want to or not, I just end up comparing myself to everyone else.' "
N. "And (my) sister said, 'Actually, you're using it for the exact thing it was originally designed for. Remember, some college guys made it so that students could compare women to each other and decide who was hotter.' " Melton ponders this for a moment. "And I thought, Ah. Right. Huh. The origin of Facebook is really annoying and offensive, when you think about it. And even more annoying is that we often still use it for what it was originally intended: comparison."
46. Comparison was the original function when people designed Facebook and the function has been in use since then.
47. People on Facebook are not required to tell completely true stories about themselves when sharing information with others.
48. Kimberly Gervaise hopes some of her almost 400 hundred friends on Facebook can be modest a bit.
49. A mom from Fall Church, Va. is fed up with the endless comparison and the show-off of one's perfect life on Facebook.
50. Due to the non-real-time communication on Facebook, morns don't know they have hurt others when they boast about themselves.
51. According to Edison 2013 research, mothers use Facebook a lot since 70% percent of them own a profile.
52. Facebook makes it possible now for mothers to compare and boast kids at every moment every day.
53. Meredith DePersia felt ashamed for herself when she read from Facebook the perfect life of others.
54. Edison Research finds that more than half of the Fackbook rooms have started to use it even before they were married.
55. Dr. Sadei thinks that when people post their perfect life on Facebook, the reality may not be the case.
Section B
【參考譯文】
媽媽們的臉譜生活
A．金伯利·熱爾韋斯是三個孩子的媽媽，她住在新澤西州的LittleSilver，是全職太太。五年前她加入臉譜網(wǎng)，每隔幾個月才上傳點東西，主要是分享諸如生日這類特殊活動的照片。[48]她有393位好友。她希望有的好友能夠稍微收斂一點。她說：“有的人連得A的成績單也要曬出來，這樣的人還不少，這使我有點煩。我肯定大部分時候，這些人只是感到很驕傲，但我發(fā)現(xiàn)這有點讓人煩心。”
B．熱爾韋斯說，越來越多的媽媽們把臉譜網(wǎng)當(dāng)做炫耀自已生活、孩子以及育兒技巧的平臺。這使得像她一樣的媽媽們每次登錄進(jìn)去都有被打了耳光一樣的感覺。[52]炫耀自家的孩子也不是什么新鮮事，但有臉譜網(wǎng)以前，比拼的把戲大多是在孩子玩耍的地方或?qū)W前班的停車場上進(jìn)行。媽媽們會在孩子周圍密切注意著他們，看誰比自己的孩子進(jìn)入各個重要階段更早或更晚。而現(xiàn)在．這樣的比較整天。每一天都在龐大的電子沙坑主進(jìn)行著。
C．臉譜網(wǎng)的媽媽們不斷收到成堆的最新消息，都是關(guān)于朋友們的孩子和這些孩子的各種成就的。每天都有，甚至每小時都有。[54]據(jù)艾迪森研究所2013年母親和媒體報告稱，臉譜網(wǎng)上57％的媽媽年齡超過35歲。這些母親是第一批完全在臉譜時代養(yǎng)育兒女的人。她們起初還是單身，說點閑話。曬些派對照片或者與人調(diào)調(diào)情。但現(xiàn)在。她們換尿布．擔(dān)心花生過敏，不辭辛苦地航行在有時會充滿狂風(fēng)暴雨的“母童之?！敝小＜偃缢齻冊谀樧V上很活躍，那么她們正在一大群專心致志的觀眾面前學(xué)習(xí)。
D．[51]媽媽們對臉譜網(wǎng)的使用很多。艾迪森2013年的研究表明每10位媽媽中就有7位建立了自己的檔案。而且臉譜網(wǎng)上有一千多個媽媽群，有些是公開的，有些是私人的。這些群里少則有成百上千人，多則有成千上萬人。她們討論的話題從訓(xùn)練孩子使用便盆到如何應(yīng)對私立學(xué)校入學(xué)考試，無所不包。
E.在臉譜網(wǎng)用戶中，媽媽們查看得最勤(按照艾迪森的統(tǒng)計，平均每天5．1次)，她們不斷回到臉譜網(wǎng)上，即使她們總是被一些暗含的——有時還挺直白的——“我的孩子比你的聰明，健康，快樂”的評論打擊。那些在拉孩子去學(xué)校之前，勉勉強(qiáng)強(qiáng)能讓他們穿上鞋的媽媽認(rèn)為，[53]對于完美的家庭的描繪會讓人感到內(nèi)疚甚至自我厭惡?！罢l有時間和孩子一起畫畫?誰有時間去清理凌亂不堪的家?”在舊金山市工作的兩個孩子的母親梅瑞狄斯·德佩爾西亞說，“[53]我看到這些文章時．真覺得自己是個懶人?！?BR> F.消磨時光的好幫手現(xiàn)在變成了強(qiáng)大的自尊劊子手，甚至連擁有眾多粉絲的媽媽博主也感到脆弱不堪。榮登《紐約時報》暢銷書排行榜的《繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，勇士》的作者格倫農(nóng)·多伊爾·梅爾頓說：“臉譜網(wǎng)讓我感到難過，無論我對自己的生活、事業(yè)、家庭、社交、住房等有多滿意，我一登錄臉譜網(wǎng)，窺視到別人的生活，并與之比較之后，我就立刻感到渾身不自在?！?BR> G.這使得很多媽媽們關(guān)閉了臉譜。“我兒子小的時候，讓我感到特別受不了的是別的媽媽們曬自己的孩子睡得有多好?！币晃粊碜缘每怂_斯州的媽媽回憶道?！拔覂鹤铀吆懿缓?，我們在他出生的第一年使出渾身解數(shù)，徹底累壞了。所以，說實話，我一看到有人發(fā)帖說某某小孩昨晚睡了六個小時沒有醒過，我就會立刻隱藏說這話的人一段時間，因為這惹惱了我?！盵49]來自弗吉尼亞州福爾斯徹奇市的一位資深網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體人，同時也是一個孩子的母親已經(jīng)非常厭倦這種游戲?！拔矣悬c想徹底不再上臉譜網(wǎng)了，”她說，“因為我對每個人展示的完美感到厭倦?！?BR> H.[47]臉譜網(wǎng)上沒有任何規(guī)定要求完全誠實和公開所有信息。而人性就是這樣，要描繪自己生活中的一面。從精心展示我們的假日照片到分享姿勢完美的第一天上學(xué)照，我們所有人，不僅僅是媽媽們，都極力刻畫一個無憂無慮、充滿樂趣和幸福的人生。如果正巧那天早上你看見四歲的孩子正在用燕麥粥重新粉刷廚房的墻壁，那真是夠令人討厭的。
I.“一個我認(rèn)識的人曬了一張她女兒畫的畫，那幅畫堪稱完美。雖然她和我兒子一樣大，但是她畫得比我兒子強(qiáng)得多?！币晃粊碜缘每怂_斯的教師兼母親說?！拔倚耐戳似?，但說服自己冷靜下來。如果某個人一直曬積極的、歡樂的、美好的東西，我總是想：不可能。我不信。沒有人的生活會那么完美?！?BR> J.[50]一部分問題是，這不是實時發(fā)生的，羞不是面對面的交流。這意味那些無意冒犯別人的媽媽們可能沒有注意到我們的社交提示往往是抑制過分的自鳴得意?！跋衲樧V網(wǎng)這樣的社交網(wǎng)站并沒有改變?nèi)藗儗乓姆磻?yīng)方式。這些網(wǎng)站只是改變了人們炫耀的程度。”媒體心理學(xué)研究中心主任帕梅拉·拉特利奇博士說，“能夠進(jìn)行如此大量的自我宣傳模糊了分享和炫耀的界限。你在人群里自我吹噓的時候，你會注意到人們的離去?？赡阍谀樧V網(wǎng)上吹噓時，很難分辨你疏遠(yuǎn)了誰。”
K.千年媒體博客的作者薩迪博士認(rèn)為保持清醒是很重要的?！坝涀?，就像看電視一樣，并非你在臉譜網(wǎng)上看到的一切都是真的。沒有人的生活是完美的。[55]人們越是試圖證明生活多么好，他們的生活越有可能并不那么好。對于臉譜網(wǎng)上的媽媽們來說，后退一步，保持一定的距離并重新評估自己很重要?！?BR> L.許多感覺窒息的母親不想“后退一步”；她們想逃避，想要自由。“我刪除了我的臉譜網(wǎng)賬戶!”得克薩斯州奧斯汀市一位有兩個孩子的家庭主婦得意地說，“我討厭臉譜網(wǎng)產(chǎn)生的攀比行為?！钡皇敲總€人都準(zhǔn)備好了——或能夠——完全切斷與臉譜網(wǎng)的聯(lián)系。一個媽媽決定要控制自己的頁面，讓吹牛的人和自以為無所不知的人閉上嘴?！拔乙荒昵扒謇砹撕糜?，只與家人或朋友聯(lián)系?！彼f，“我發(fā)現(xiàn)我想上臉譜網(wǎng)了解大家的近況，但了解之后會變得暴躁不安，所以我改變了自己的基本資料，只讓臉譜網(wǎng)成為我想要的那樣。”
M.就連媽咪博主梅爾頓也在臉譜網(wǎng)上休假了。整整40天里，她Momastery網(wǎng)站的l0．1萬個粉絲在她休息時，耐心等待著。正是在這期間，她意識到了臉譜網(wǎng)有時讓她那么不快樂?！拔矣幸惶旖o妹妹打電話說：
‘我要戒了臉譜網(wǎng)。我沒有合理使用它。無論我是不是想，在臉譜網(wǎng)上，最終我還是要把自己和別人比較。’”
N.“然后(我)妹妹說：‘實際上，[46]你使用臉譜網(wǎng)的正是它最初被設(shè)計的功能。記住。是一些大學(xué)生創(chuàng)造了臉譜，這樣他們就能比較女人，并選出最惹火的那個?！泵窢栴D思考了片刻?！叭缓笪蚁?，啊。是的。呵呵。想起來，臉譜網(wǎng)的初衰就是令人惱火并帶有攻擊性的。[46]讓人更惱火的是，我們還經(jīng)常使用它以達(dá)到它最初的目的：比較。”
【答案解析】
46．N
解析：題干意為，當(dāng)初人們設(shè)計臉譜網(wǎng)時的功能就是為了比較，而且從那時起這個功能一直在被使用。
注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞0riginalfunction。關(guān)于臉譜網(wǎng)最初的作用的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在N段。該段指出，一些大學(xué)生創(chuàng)造了臉譜網(wǎng)，這樣他們可以比較女人，由此可知它最初的作用就是比較。最后一句指出，讓人更惱火的是，我們還經(jīng)常使用它以達(dá)到它最初的目的：比較。由此可見，題干對原文進(jìn)行了同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是N。
47．H
解析：題干意為，臉譜網(wǎng)上的人們在與他人分享信息時，并未被要求完全真實地分享關(guān)于自己的事情。
注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞People on Facebook、required和completely true stories。關(guān)于臉譜網(wǎng)是否要求人們給出真實信息的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在H段。該段第一句指出，臉譜網(wǎng)上沒有任何規(guī)定要求完全誠實和公開所有信息。由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是H。題干中的tell completelytrue stories與原文中的complete honesty及total disclosure是同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
48．A
解析：題干意為，金伯利·熱爾韋斯希望她臉譜網(wǎng)上大約400名好友中的一部分人能夠稍微謙虛點。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞Kimberly Gervaise。關(guān)于該女士的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在A段。該段第二句指出。她有393位好友。她希望有的好友能夠稍微收斂一點。由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是A。題干中的modest與原文的tuckitin相對應(yīng)。
49．G
解析：題干意為，來自弗吉尼亞州福爾斯徹奇市的一位媽媽厭倦了臉譜網(wǎng)上沒完沒了的比較和對自己完美生活的炫耀。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞FallChurch，Va．。關(guān)于弗吉尼亞州福爾斯徹奇市的一位媽媽的觀點在G段出現(xiàn)。該段中最后兩句指出，來自弗吉尼亞州福爾斯徹奇市的一位……母親已經(jīng)十分厭倦這種游戲?！拔矣悬c想徹底不再上臉譜網(wǎng)了，”她說，“因為我對每個人展示的完美感到厭倦。”由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是G。題干中的show．off與原文的presentation ofperfection是同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
50．J
解析：題干意為，由于臉譜網(wǎng)上的交流不是實時的，媽媽們在自我吹噓的時候不知道她們已經(jīng)傷害了別人。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞non．real．dmecommunication。關(guān)于臉譜網(wǎng)非實時交流的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在J段。該段第一、二句指出，一部分問題是，這不是實時發(fā)生的，并不是面對面的交流。這意味那些無意冒犯別人的媽媽們可能沒有注意到我們的社交提示往往是抑制過分的自鳴得意。由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是J。題干中的boastabout與原文的crowing相對應(yīng)。
51．D
解析：題干意為，根據(jù)艾迪森2013年研究結(jié)果，媽媽們對臉譜網(wǎng)的使用很多，她們中70％的人在臉譜網(wǎng)有個人檔案。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞Edison2013 research。關(guān)于艾迪森2013年研究結(jié)果的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在D段。該段中第一、二句指出，媽媽們對臉譜網(wǎng)的使用很多。艾迪森2013年的研究表明每10位媽媽中就有7位建立了自己的檔案。由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是D。題干中的alot與原文的heavy相對應(yīng)，70％與原文70utofl0是同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
52．B
解析：題干意為，臉譜網(wǎng)使得媽媽們可以每天、每時每刻都對孩子進(jìn)行比較并炫耀自己的孩子。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞mothers和compare。關(guān)于媽媽們對孩子進(jìn)行比較的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在B段。該段第三、四、五句指出，炫耀自家的孩子也不是什么新鮮事，但有臉譜網(wǎng)以前，比拼的把戲大多是在孩子玩耍的地方或?qū)W前班的停車場上進(jìn)行。媽媽們會在孩子周圍密切注意著他們，看誰比自己的孩子進(jìn)入各個重要階段更早或更晚。而現(xiàn)在，這樣的比較整天，每一天都在龐大的電子沙坑中進(jìn)行著。由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是B。題干中的boast與原文中的bragging相對應(yīng)。
53．E
解析：題干意為，梅瑞狄斯·德佩爾西亞在臉譜網(wǎng)上看到別人的完美生活時，對自己感到羞愧。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞MeredithDePerfia。關(guān)于該女士的想法的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在E段。該段第二句提到，“對于完美的家庭的描繪會讓人感到內(nèi)疚甚至自我厭惡。”而最后一句又提到，“我看到這些文章時，真覺得自己是個懶人。”由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是E。題干中的ashamed與原文中的guilt相對應(yīng)。
54．C
解析：題干意為，艾迪森研究所發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過半數(shù)使用臉譜網(wǎng)的媽媽們甚至在結(jié)婚以前就已經(jīng)開始使用該網(wǎng)站了。注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞EdisonResearch及before…married。關(guān)于該機(jī)構(gòu)的研究結(jié)果以及媽媽們從何時開始使用臉譜網(wǎng)的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在C段。該段第二、三句指出，據(jù)艾迪森研究所2013年母親和媒體報告稱，臉譜網(wǎng)上57％的媽媽年齡超過35歲，這些母親是第一批完全在臉譜時代養(yǎng)育兒女的人。她們起初還是單身……但現(xiàn)在，她們換尿布……由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是C。題干中的more than half與原文中的57％是同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
55．K
解析：題干意為，薩迪博士認(rèn)為，人們在臉譜上曬出完美的生活時，現(xiàn)實情況可能并不是這么一回事。
注意抓住題干中關(guān)鍵詞Dr．Saedi，關(guān)于他的言論的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在K段。該段倒數(shù)第二句指出。人們越是試圖證明生活多么好，他們的生活越有可能并不那么好。由此可見，題干與原文是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案是K。