| 考試日期： | 2012年10月20日 |
| Reading Passage 1 | |
| Title: | Bondi beach 邦迪海灘 |
| Question types: | TRUE/FLASE/NOT GIVEN, Short Answer Questions |
| 文章內(nèi)容回顧 | 邦迪海灘是澳大利亞的海灘 |
| 英文原文閱讀 | Bondi Beach is about one kilometre long (≈0.6 miles) and receives many visitors throughout the year. Surf Life Saving Australia has given different hazard ratings to Bondi Beach in 2004. While the northern end has been rated a gentle 4 (with 10 as the most hazardous), the southern side is rated as a 7 due to a famous rip current known as the "Backpackers' Express" because of its proximity to the bus stop, and the unwillingness of tourists to walk the length of the beach to safer swimming. The south end of the beach is generally reserved for surfboard riding. Yellow and red flags define safe swimming areas, and visitors are advised to swim between them. There is an underwater shark net shared, during the summer months, with other beaches along the southern part of the coast. Pods of whales and dolphins have been sighted in the bay during the months of migration. Fairy penguins, while uncommon, are sometimes also seen swimming close to shore or amongst surfers in southern line-up. In 2007, the Guinness World Record for the largest swimsuit photo shoot was set at Bondi Beach, with 1,010 women wearing bikinis taking part. Bondi Beach was added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2008. Sport and recreation Bondi Beach is the end point of the City to Surf Fun Run which is held each year in August. The race attracts over 63,000 entrants who complete the 14 km run from the central business district of Sydney to Bondi Beach. Other annual activities at Bondi Beach include Flickerfest, Australia's premier international short film festival in January, World Environment Day in June, and Sculpture By The Sea in November. In addition to many activities, the Bondi Beach Markets is open every Sunday. Many Irish and British tourists spend Christmas Day at the beach. An Oceanway connects Bondi to South Head to the north and other beaches to the south up to Coogee. Bondi Beach hosted the beach volleyball competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics. A temporary 10,000-seat stadium, a much smaller stadium, 2 warm-up courts, and 3 training courts were set up to host the tournament. Lifesaving clubs Bondi Surf Bathers' Life Saving Club is the world's first surf lifesaving club and North Bondi Surf Lifesaving Club is a federation club. Both clubs were founded in 1907. Bondi members invented the surf reel and many other icons of lifesaving. Surf Lifesavers from both clubs were involved in the largest rescue ever on a single day, known as 'Black Sunday'. Bondi holds the most Australian Surf Lifesaving Championship gold medals in R&R (rescue & resuscitation) and North Bondi hold the most gold medals in March Past. Bondi Icebergs The Swimming Club's origin dates back to 1929 and owes its origins to the desire of a band of dedicated local lifesavers who wished to maintain their fitness during the winter months. They formed the Bondi Icebergs Winter Swimming Club and drew up a constitution and elected office bearers. Included in the constitution was a rule that to maintain membership it was mandatory that swimmers compete on three Sundays out of four for a period of five years. The Icebergs became licensed in 1960 and the members moved from a tin shed into comfortable premises with Bar and Poker Machines. A further update took place in the 1970s enabling the Club to operate on two floors. In 1994, female members were admitted and in 2002 the Club opened their new premises. |
| 題型難度分析 | 這兩個題型都較容易，前面的判斷題有五個題目，后面的簡答題大概有三個。 |
| 題型技巧分析 | 是非無判斷題是雅思考試閱讀的經(jīng)典題型，雖然今年的題量相對減少，但是仍是復(fù)習(xí)備考時應(yīng)關(guān)注的題型。 首先應(yīng)該注意看清是TRUE還是YES, 本篇是TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN 解題步驟： 1. 速讀問題的句子，找出考點詞（容易有問題的部分）。考點詞：比較級，級，數(shù)據(jù)（時間），程度副詞，特殊形容詞，絕對化的詞（only, most, each, any, every, the same as等） 2. 排除考點詞，在余下的詞中找定位詞，去原文定位。 3. 重點考察考點詞是否有提及，是否正確。 TRUE的原則是同義替換，至少有一組近義詞。 FALSE是題目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一組反義詞。 NOT GIVEN原文未提及，不做任何推斷，尤其多考察題目的主語等名詞在原文是否有提及。 |
| 劍橋雅思推薦原文練習(xí) | 機(jī)經(jīng)：2011年8月20日的澳洲環(huán)保島 |
| Reading Passage 2 | |
| Title: | 改正錯誤 |
| Question types: | Summary（有選項），填空題 |
| 文章內(nèi)容回顧 | 本文是關(guān)于教育類的，講了老師的作用是讓小孩犯錯，說出錯誤讓孩子改進(jìn)，舉了小孩玩積木和古代奴隸小孩的例子。 |
| 英文原文閱讀 | Mistakes Improve Children's Learning Everyone makes mistakes and children are no exception. What's important is how we learn from them. Yet, children grow up in a society that pressures them to be perfect and intelligent - to achieve the highest SAT scores, land prized scholarships, and get into the best universities. Parents reinforce this pressure at home when they cover up children's mistakes, correct homework to improve grades, or drill knowledge into kids until they get it right. Stress is increased when children are constantly praised for their intelligence. How does this focus on perfection and IQ affect learning? And how can we help children and teens believe in themselves by accepting their mistakes and learning from them? A recent Scientific American article, Getting it Wrong: Surprising Tips on How to Learn, supports a number of learning and developmental theories. Historically, many educators have created conditions for learning that do not encourage errors. And parents have followed suit. For example, if we drill children over and over again with the same math problem, they will eventually remember the answer. And if they are lucky, they will remember the answer on a standardized test. This approach to learning assumes that if students are allowed to make mistakes, they will not learn the correct information. However, recent research shows this to be an incorrect assumption. In fact, studies have found that learning is enhanced when children make mistakes! Whether it involves homework, developing friendships, or playing soccer, learning is enriched through error. Making mistakes is part of how kids are challenged to learn to do things differently. It motivates them to try new approaches. Carol Dweck, a professor at Stanford University, studies the importance of challenging children, even if they get things wrong. Her research shows that praising children for their intelligence can actually make them less likely to persist in the face of challenge. She and her colleagues followed hundreds of 5th grade children in New York City schools. One group was praised for their intelligence while the other group was praised for their effort. When the 5th graders were challenged with an extremely difficult test designed for 8th graders, a surprising result occurred. The students who had been praised for their effort worked very hard, even though they made a lot of mistakes. The kids praised for being smart became discouraged and saw their mistakes as a sign of failure. Intelligence testing for the kids praised for their effort increased by 30% while the kids praised for their intelligence dropped by 20%. Dweck's work, described in the book MindSet: The New Psychology of Success reminds parents that glowing, unconditional praise that masks errors and mistakes is harmful to children's development. Being too quick with praise can be as detrimental as correcting homework mistakes that would have provided opportunities for learning. Children make many kinds of mistakes. Some mistakes, like forgetting a homework assignment or not studying for an important test, have expected consequences. Others like lying, cheating, or actions that negatively affect friendships, have more complicated causes and are more complex to remedy. But all mistakes contain seeds of learning. Ten Parenting Guidelines that Help Kids Learn from Mistakes Acknowledge that you don't expect your children to be perfect. Let them know your love is unconditional, regardless of their mistakes or lapses in judgment. Don't rescue children from their mistakes. Instead, help them focus on the solution. Provide examples of your own mistakes, the consequences, and how you learned from them. Encourage them to take responsibility for their mistakes and not blame others. Avoid pointing out their past mistakes. Instead, focus on the one at hand. Praise them for their ability to admit their mistakes. Praise them for their efforts and courage to overcome setbacks. Mentor them on how to apologize when their mistakes have hurt others. Help them look at the good side of getting things wrong! |
| 題型難度分析 | 本文題型難度適中，第一種題型是文章摘要題，并且有選項，針對的是文章的前兩段，后一種是填空題，要求填一個單詞，也是細(xì)節(jié)題。 |
| 題型技巧分析 | Summary題，有順序原則。 先關(guān)注instruction字?jǐn)?shù)限制，有些題目在字?jǐn)?shù)限制前，還有段落限制，告訴考生這個題目是針對哪個段落的。 其次，通讀summary, 并且劃出關(guān)鍵詞，主要包括名詞，連接詞，介詞，不定冠詞。 然后根據(jù)空格前后信息，預(yù)測空格上的單詞（單復(fù)數(shù)，可數(shù)與否，詞性，-ing, -ed, 固定搭配等） 如果是有選項的摘要題的話，還要通讀選項。 同時注意無選項的文章摘要題，在寫答案的時候，單詞一定要是來自于文章中的。 |
| 劍橋雅思推薦原文練習(xí) | 機(jī)經(jīng)：2010年11月20日的兒童識別錯誤 |
| Reading Passage 3 | |
| Title: | 歐洲祖先的生活環(huán)境 |
| Question types: | 段落配標(biāo)題，配對，填空，選擇題（考查主旨） |
| 文章內(nèi)容回顧 | 講過去歐洲祖先的生活環(huán)境，極地的民族用火，用動物皮什么的，有一個cave, 科技的演化，火，在5個不同地方的區(qū)別。 |
| 題型難度分析 | 這篇文章的題型較多，段落配標(biāo)題和配對相對較難，填空題較容易 |
| 題型技巧分析 | 選擇題的做題步驟 一、閱讀指令 (Instruction) 這一步驟主要是針對多項選擇而言的。單項選擇題的指令沒有什么作用，而在多項選擇題中，指令中會提示正確選項的數(shù)量。在謄寫答題卡的時候，一定要注意多項選擇題的題號，一個正確選項占用一個題號。這一點對于初次接觸雅思的考生來說要特別引起注意。 二、閱讀題干，劃出定位詞 由于選擇題考察細(xì)節(jié)的特點，故題干中的詞往往能夠提供定位 三、閱讀選項，劃出核心詞 在尋找正確答案之前，一定要事先通讀選項，因為選項提供了對原文正確或者是錯誤的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。但是由于選項較長，不可能一次性全部記住，所以有必要把選項里的核心詞劃出來，這樣可以減輕記憶負(fù)擔(dān)，并且更加有針對性地做題。 四、找到相關(guān)句子段落，擺脫干擾找到答案 這是做題的最后一個步驟，也是最重要的步驟。由于選擇項的干擾性往往很強(qiáng)，所以對找到的相關(guān)句子或段落一定要進(jìn)行仔細(xì)閱讀，排除錯誤選項。甄別干擾項這一步驟是考生解題的關(guān)鍵，很多考生在往往對幾個選項猶豫不決，經(jīng)常跳進(jìn)題目的陷阱。一般說來，干擾項有如下幾個類別： 1、數(shù)字陷阱 選擇題的特點便是選項進(jìn)行深度的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。但是如果個別選項中出現(xiàn)了數(shù)字，往往意味著這個數(shù)字直接來源于文章，沒有進(jìn)行任何同義替換。這種干擾選項對于根本讀不懂原文的考生有著致命的誘惑力，因為只有數(shù)字是熟悉的，其它的單詞都讀不懂。數(shù)字選項中，數(shù)字在文章中都有提及，但經(jīng)常是通過移花接木的形式出現(xiàn)的，以干擾考生的注意力。 2、相似陷阱 同理，如果題目中出現(xiàn)的個別單詞與原文中的用詞一模一樣，尤其是一些經(jīng)常被同義替換掉的動詞、形容詞等，這個選項往往就是干擾選項。 3、偷換概念陷阱 有時候選項中雖然與文中有對應(yīng)的詞，但選項中偷換了關(guān)鍵性的成分（如謂語部分），使得答案錯誤。 4、搭配不當(dāng)陷阱 這是有誘惑性的選項。這種選項的特點是：選項本身是正確的，但是跟題干卻不能形成搭配關(guān)系。很多考生看到選項和原文內(nèi)容相似，甚至還有同義轉(zhuǎn)換，便毫不猶豫地選擇了這樣的干擾項。 |
| 劍橋雅思推薦原文練習(xí) | 機(jī)經(jīng)：2009年10月11日遠(yuǎn)古人類的住宿環(huán)境 |