2012年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫(xiě)作方法：語(yǔ)態(tài)的隱含意義
Where possible, reduce the use of "which," "who" "that" "whom" "whether... or not" etc.
少用關(guān)系代詞
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)系代詞是你學(xué)習(xí)英文過(guò)程中的一個(gè)重要的階段。學(xué)會(huì)少用它們則表明你取得了更大的進(jìn)步。在校對(duì)你的作品時(shí)，仔細(xì)檢查一下所有的which’s, who’s that’s和whom’s是否必要。刪除不必要的關(guān)系代詞會(huì)使你的文章更精彩。
Example:
Unnecessary: It is a truth that is universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
(用兩個(gè) that’s，讀起來(lái)很別扭)
Better: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
-- Jane Austin
注：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)修飾的名詞通常不須用關(guān)系代詞。
Unnecessary: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, which was built with American assistance.
Improved: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, built with American assistance.
Unnecessary: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation which was undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.
Improved: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.
Unnecessary: Justice theories have a long tradition, which goes back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.
Improved: Justice theories have a long tradition, going back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.
Unnecessary: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million that she made by tap dancing which made her famous in the movies.
Improved: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million she made tap dancing her way to fame in the movies.
Unnecessary: We told them they were the victims who deserved sympathy the most.
Improved: We told them they were the victims, most deserving of sympathy.
Unnecessary: Only a person who is oblivious* to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.
Better: Only a person oblivious to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.
Unnecessary: Not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea, whether it contains caffeine or not.
Better: With or without caffeine, not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea.
Unnecessary: Usually the Washington family married people who were socially better off than themselves, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.
Better: Usually the Washingtons married their social betters, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.
Unnecessary: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach the person to whom the letter is addressed.
Better: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach its intended receiver.
Where possible, reduce the use of "which," "who" "that" "whom" "whether... or not" etc.
少用關(guān)系代詞
學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)系代詞是你學(xué)習(xí)英文過(guò)程中的一個(gè)重要的階段。學(xué)會(huì)少用它們則表明你取得了更大的進(jìn)步。在校對(duì)你的作品時(shí)，仔細(xì)檢查一下所有的which’s, who’s that’s和whom’s是否必要。刪除不必要的關(guān)系代詞會(huì)使你的文章更精彩。
Example:
Unnecessary: It is a truth that is universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
(用兩個(gè) that’s，讀起來(lái)很別扭)
Better: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
-- Jane Austin
注：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)修飾的名詞通常不須用關(guān)系代詞。
Unnecessary: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, which was built with American assistance.
Improved: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, built with American assistance.
Unnecessary: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation which was undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.
Improved: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.
Unnecessary: Justice theories have a long tradition, which goes back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.
Improved: Justice theories have a long tradition, going back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.
Unnecessary: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million that she made by tap dancing which made her famous in the movies.
Improved: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million she made tap dancing her way to fame in the movies.
Unnecessary: We told them they were the victims who deserved sympathy the most.
Improved: We told them they were the victims, most deserving of sympathy.
Unnecessary: Only a person who is oblivious* to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.
Better: Only a person oblivious to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.
Unnecessary: Not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea, whether it contains caffeine or not.
Better: With or without caffeine, not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea.
Unnecessary: Usually the Washington family married people who were socially better off than themselves, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.
Better: Usually the Washingtons married their social betters, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.
Unnecessary: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach the person to whom the letter is addressed.
Better: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach its intended receiver.