一、現(xiàn)分與過分的區(qū)別
    現(xiàn)分　　　　　　過分　　　　　　考與不考備注
    －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
    主動(dòng)　　　　　　被動(dòng)　　　　　　90%（后置定語(yǔ)，狀）
    進(jìn)行　　　　　　完成　　　　　　10%（前置定語(yǔ)）
    ┗┏┃　　　　動(dòng)作　　　　　　狀態(tài)　　　　　　不考
    ┏　a retired general
    ┗ a retirign general 錯(cuò)
    ┏　a fallen fruit 在地下
    ┗ a falling fruit　　　　正在掉
    二、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的用法
    1. 用于名詞后作后置定語(yǔ)，等同于定語(yǔ)從句，只考慮主被動(dòng)
    Indians who lived in
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~=living
    分詞＝從句
    2. 用于句首，句末作狀語(yǔ)，只考慮主被動(dòng)
    非此即彼　┏included in/by
    ┗including 分，prep
    ┏involved in
    ┗involving
    3. ?？嫉慕觗oing的詞
    enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,
    mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit
    spend ... (in) doing
    have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in)　doing
    三、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略用法
    1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省
    ┗help sb to do = help sb do
    2. 使役動(dòng)詞必省to
    let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do
    have sth done
    3. 關(guān)于感觀動(dòng)詞
    see, hear, notice, feel, watch
    必須省to
    ┏see sb do 看見整個(gè)過程
    ┗see sb doing　　看見動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行
    改被動(dòng)后to 要加回來(lái)
    ┏be seen to do
    ┗be seen doing
    四、動(dòng)詞不定式的固定用法
    1. 第一“人”
    the first (sb) to do
    2. 表“迫使”的動(dòng)詞
    allow sb to do allow sth
    permit sb to do permit sth
    enable sb to do enable sth
    cause sb to do cause sth
    force sb to do force sth
    3. 表“傾向”的adj./V
    tend to do
    attemp to do
    be (more) likely to do
    that + 句子
    be inclined to do
    be apt to do
    be liable to do
    4. 表“目的”的名詞
    The function + of sth. + is to do sth.
    function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention
    5.與接不定式的V或adj. 同詞根的名詞也接不定式
    be able to do -> ability to do
    enable sb to do
    decide to do -> decision to do
    be ambitious to do -> ambition to do
    try to do -> make great efforts to do
    attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do
    五、動(dòng)詞不定式的其它形式
    1. 動(dòng)詞不定式的將來(lái)式
    主動(dòng)：be to do
    被動(dòng)：be to be done
    表示預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生或按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事情
    China is to be one of the most important contries in the world.
    被動(dòng)式與過去分詞的區(qū)別
    the surfaces to be glued
    the surfaces glued
    2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)
    主動(dòng)　　to have done
    被動(dòng)　　to have been done
    表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前
    I’m glad to have seen your son yesterday.
    3. 某些adj. 后主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)
    This plas is difficult to come out
    easy
    hard
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