又到一年畢業(yè)季，考試槍手，代寫(xiě)槍手(ghostwriter)紛紛登場(chǎng)。這些槍手嚴(yán)重影響了中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)的公正性，而缺少相關(guān)法律法規(guī)也使得該群體日益猖狂。
放大這張圖片
Internet
又到一年畢業(yè)季 槍手寫(xiě)手紛登場(chǎng)
A shabby minivan is parked near a tranquil building on a Beijing campus. Wang Lin is sitting in the vehicle wearing headphones with a mike. “D. B. A. D. C,” set after set of five-letter codes slip from his lips… All of a sudden, someone gives two warning knocks on the back door of the van. Wang drops his headphones and drives off quickly.
在北京某校園里，一輛破舊的小貨車停在一棟寧?kù)o的建筑旁。王林（音譯）頭戴耳麥，坐在車中?！癉、B、A、D、C”，他口中說(shuō)著一串串五個(gè)字母的代碼。突然，有人在后車門(mén)上敲了兩下以示警報(bào)。王林丟下耳麥，飛快地開(kāi)車走了。
He’s one of the new breed of “gunners”, cheats who write essays and sit exams for others for cash.
他就是“槍手”這個(gè)新興行業(yè)中的一員，這些槍手通過(guò)代寫(xiě)論文或*來(lái)賺錢(qián)。
Academic cheating has become a lucrative business with well-organized gangs. Meanwhile there are insufficient deterrents to tackle the problem.
學(xué)術(shù)造假已經(jīng)成為一門(mén)相當(dāng)賺錢(qián)的生意，內(nèi)部組織十分嚴(yán)密。而與此同時(shí)，目前尚無(wú)足夠有效的手段來(lái)遏制這一現(xiàn)象。
Every year more than 10 million faculties, researchers, students and specialists require to publish academic papers, according to a survey conducted by Shen Yang, a professor at Wuhan University, in 2009. Shen’s team concluded that the market in research papers was worth more than 1 billion yuan.
武漢大學(xué)教授沈洋2009年所做的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，每年有超過(guò)一千萬(wàn)的大學(xué)教師、研究員、學(xué)生以及專業(yè)人士需要發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文。據(jù)沈洋的團(tuán)隊(duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)，科研論文市場(chǎng)價(jià)值高達(dá)10億元人民幣。
“With virtually no investment and huge profits, the academic black market is becoming more lucrative,” said Zhang Qiang, a junior in a Beijing-based university.
“由于零投資高回報(bào)的現(xiàn)實(shí)，學(xué)術(shù)黑市越來(lái)越有利可圖?！眮?lái)自北京的大三學(xué)生張強(qiáng)（音譯）說(shuō)。
He calls himself a “campus agent” and works on commission connecting student clients with professional essay writers.
他自稱為“校園代理”，通過(guò)聯(lián)系學(xué)生客戶與專業(yè)論文寫(xiě)手來(lái)賺取傭金。
Zhang’s domain is China University of Geosciences and Beijing University of Technology. He said proudly that more than 200 students from undergraduates to PhD students contacted him during the last six months.
中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)和北京科技大學(xué)是張強(qiáng)的主要市場(chǎng)。他驕傲地表示，在過(guò)去半年中，從本科生到博士生，他接待的客戶有200多人。
The majority of them are old customers. With 15 to 20 percent commission, Zhang’s monthly “salary” easily exceeds 3,000 yuan during the graduation season.
這其中大多數(shù)都是老顧客。每位客戶收取15%到20%的中介費(fèi)，每到畢業(yè)季，張強(qiáng)的月收入超過(guò)3000元。
“I guarantee you that on every campus in major cities, agents like me are in good company,” said Zhang.
張強(qiáng)說(shuō)：“我保證在大城市的每個(gè)校園中，像我這樣的代理生意都好著呢。”
Zhang connects students to writers like Li Jian, a graduate student in economics. The client needs to provide the title of the essay and the recommended reading list.
張強(qiáng)讓學(xué)生們與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)畢業(yè)生李建（音譯）這樣的寫(xiě)手取得聯(lián)系，客戶需要提供論文的題目與推薦書(shū)單。
Li set up his own service on a major online shopping website where he charges between 3,000 and 5,000 yuan for papers on economics and finance. He is very busy these days.
李建在一家大型購(gòu)物網(wǎng)站上開(kāi)了家網(wǎng)店兜售服務(wù)，經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融方面的論文每篇收取3000至5000元。最近這些天，他的生意非?；?。
“I have more than 10 assignments every day,” sad Li. “I have to outsource some essays to my friends.”
“每天都有十幾個(gè)活兒?！崩罱ㄕf(shuō)，“我不得不把一些論文外包給朋友們。”
As an after sales service, many essay writers even offer a paper inspection service to secure quality and make sure their product passes the school’s anti-plagiarism system. The additional charge is from 200 to 500 yuan.
有些論文寫(xiě)手甚至將通過(guò)論文審查作為售后服務(wù)，以保證論文的質(zhì)量，確保他們的產(chǎn)品可以通過(guò)學(xué)校的防抄襲系統(tǒng)。這項(xiàng)附加服務(wù)的價(jià)格在200至500元不等。
The text service does not end here. For the right price, one can get one’s paper published in academic periodicals.
論文服務(wù)并不是只有這些而已。人們可以以合適的價(jià)格在學(xué)術(shù)期刊上發(fā)表自己的論文。
When the 21st Century reporter called a cell phone number found on a flyer at China University of Political Science and Law, the man on the other end of the line refused to give his name, but he said: “We have the resources to have any paper published in some minor periodicals. I cannot tell you how, but we can.”
當(dāng)《21世紀(jì)英文報(bào)》的記者撥通了在中國(guó)政法大學(xué)校內(nèi)傳單上找到的電話時(shí)，電話那頭的男子拒絕透露姓名，但他說(shuō)：“我們有渠道可以讓任何一篇論文在小型期刊上發(fā)表。我不能告訴你過(guò)程，但我們可以做到?！?BR> Zhang Xiaohong, a professor at Communication University of China, said: “Gunners and ghostwriters are poisoning the country’s research quality and China’s academic credibility.”
來(lái)自中國(guó)傳媒大學(xué)的張曉紅教授說(shuō)：“槍手和寫(xiě)手正在荼害著中國(guó)的科研質(zhì)量和中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)的公信力。”
According to experts, the booming academic black market has been fuelled by several factors.
有關(guān)專家表示，學(xué)術(shù)黑市興起的背后，有著幾個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。
Yi Xiaojun, a researcher at Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, points out that too much importance is attached to graduate treatises, especially for some master programs.
陜西社科院研究員易曉軍（音譯）指出，學(xué)校過(guò)于重視畢業(yè)論文，尤其對(duì)于某些研究生項(xiàng)目而言。
The result is that cheats can get their degrees based on one piece of written work.
結(jié)果導(dǎo)致作弊者僅憑一份書(shū)面作業(yè)就可以拿到學(xué)位。
“The school should split its evaluation into many parts so that students have to devote themselves to study on a daily basis to get a certificate,” said Yi.
“學(xué)校的評(píng)估機(jī)制應(yīng)該是多方面的，這樣學(xué)生為了獲得畢業(yè)證書(shū)，就必須要全身心投入到日常學(xué)習(xí)中去。”易曉軍說(shuō)。
Chen Qianyi, of a legal consulting company in Shanghai, said that the lack of clear-cut regulations on paper trading is leaving academic fraud in a gray area while school regulations are too weak.
就職于上海一家法律咨詢公司的陳謙毅（音譯）表示，由于國(guó)家對(duì)于買賣論文沒(méi)有明文規(guī)定，這使得學(xué)術(shù)造假處于一個(gè)灰色地帶。而校規(guī)也顯得力不從心。
“No administration manages the situation,” said Chen. “We see many essay writing companies online with huge business, but we have no specific powers to regulate them.”
“沒(méi)有行政機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)此進(jìn)行管理。” 陳謙毅說(shuō)，“我們看到網(wǎng)上有很多論文寫(xiě)作公司，生意非常好。但我們沒(méi)有具體的權(quán)力去約束它們?！?
放大這張圖片
Internet
又到一年畢業(yè)季 槍手寫(xiě)手紛登場(chǎng)
A shabby minivan is parked near a tranquil building on a Beijing campus. Wang Lin is sitting in the vehicle wearing headphones with a mike. “D. B. A. D. C,” set after set of five-letter codes slip from his lips… All of a sudden, someone gives two warning knocks on the back door of the van. Wang drops his headphones and drives off quickly.
在北京某校園里，一輛破舊的小貨車停在一棟寧?kù)o的建筑旁。王林（音譯）頭戴耳麥，坐在車中?！癉、B、A、D、C”，他口中說(shuō)著一串串五個(gè)字母的代碼。突然，有人在后車門(mén)上敲了兩下以示警報(bào)。王林丟下耳麥，飛快地開(kāi)車走了。
He’s one of the new breed of “gunners”, cheats who write essays and sit exams for others for cash.
他就是“槍手”這個(gè)新興行業(yè)中的一員，這些槍手通過(guò)代寫(xiě)論文或*來(lái)賺錢(qián)。
Academic cheating has become a lucrative business with well-organized gangs. Meanwhile there are insufficient deterrents to tackle the problem.
學(xué)術(shù)造假已經(jīng)成為一門(mén)相當(dāng)賺錢(qián)的生意，內(nèi)部組織十分嚴(yán)密。而與此同時(shí)，目前尚無(wú)足夠有效的手段來(lái)遏制這一現(xiàn)象。
Every year more than 10 million faculties, researchers, students and specialists require to publish academic papers, according to a survey conducted by Shen Yang, a professor at Wuhan University, in 2009. Shen’s team concluded that the market in research papers was worth more than 1 billion yuan.
武漢大學(xué)教授沈洋2009年所做的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，每年有超過(guò)一千萬(wàn)的大學(xué)教師、研究員、學(xué)生以及專業(yè)人士需要發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文。據(jù)沈洋的團(tuán)隊(duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)，科研論文市場(chǎng)價(jià)值高達(dá)10億元人民幣。
“With virtually no investment and huge profits, the academic black market is becoming more lucrative,” said Zhang Qiang, a junior in a Beijing-based university.
“由于零投資高回報(bào)的現(xiàn)實(shí)，學(xué)術(shù)黑市越來(lái)越有利可圖?！眮?lái)自北京的大三學(xué)生張強(qiáng)（音譯）說(shuō)。
He calls himself a “campus agent” and works on commission connecting student clients with professional essay writers.
他自稱為“校園代理”，通過(guò)聯(lián)系學(xué)生客戶與專業(yè)論文寫(xiě)手來(lái)賺取傭金。
Zhang’s domain is China University of Geosciences and Beijing University of Technology. He said proudly that more than 200 students from undergraduates to PhD students contacted him during the last six months.
中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)和北京科技大學(xué)是張強(qiáng)的主要市場(chǎng)。他驕傲地表示，在過(guò)去半年中，從本科生到博士生，他接待的客戶有200多人。
The majority of them are old customers. With 15 to 20 percent commission, Zhang’s monthly “salary” easily exceeds 3,000 yuan during the graduation season.
這其中大多數(shù)都是老顧客。每位客戶收取15%到20%的中介費(fèi)，每到畢業(yè)季，張強(qiáng)的月收入超過(guò)3000元。
“I guarantee you that on every campus in major cities, agents like me are in good company,” said Zhang.
張強(qiáng)說(shuō)：“我保證在大城市的每個(gè)校園中，像我這樣的代理生意都好著呢。”
Zhang connects students to writers like Li Jian, a graduate student in economics. The client needs to provide the title of the essay and the recommended reading list.
張強(qiáng)讓學(xué)生們與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)畢業(yè)生李建（音譯）這樣的寫(xiě)手取得聯(lián)系，客戶需要提供論文的題目與推薦書(shū)單。
Li set up his own service on a major online shopping website where he charges between 3,000 and 5,000 yuan for papers on economics and finance. He is very busy these days.
李建在一家大型購(gòu)物網(wǎng)站上開(kāi)了家網(wǎng)店兜售服務(wù)，經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融方面的論文每篇收取3000至5000元。最近這些天，他的生意非?；?。
“I have more than 10 assignments every day,” sad Li. “I have to outsource some essays to my friends.”
“每天都有十幾個(gè)活兒?！崩罱ㄕf(shuō)，“我不得不把一些論文外包給朋友們。”
As an after sales service, many essay writers even offer a paper inspection service to secure quality and make sure their product passes the school’s anti-plagiarism system. The additional charge is from 200 to 500 yuan.
有些論文寫(xiě)手甚至將通過(guò)論文審查作為售后服務(wù)，以保證論文的質(zhì)量，確保他們的產(chǎn)品可以通過(guò)學(xué)校的防抄襲系統(tǒng)。這項(xiàng)附加服務(wù)的價(jià)格在200至500元不等。
The text service does not end here. For the right price, one can get one’s paper published in academic periodicals.
論文服務(wù)并不是只有這些而已。人們可以以合適的價(jià)格在學(xué)術(shù)期刊上發(fā)表自己的論文。
When the 21st Century reporter called a cell phone number found on a flyer at China University of Political Science and Law, the man on the other end of the line refused to give his name, but he said: “We have the resources to have any paper published in some minor periodicals. I cannot tell you how, but we can.”
當(dāng)《21世紀(jì)英文報(bào)》的記者撥通了在中國(guó)政法大學(xué)校內(nèi)傳單上找到的電話時(shí)，電話那頭的男子拒絕透露姓名，但他說(shuō)：“我們有渠道可以讓任何一篇論文在小型期刊上發(fā)表。我不能告訴你過(guò)程，但我們可以做到?！?BR> Zhang Xiaohong, a professor at Communication University of China, said: “Gunners and ghostwriters are poisoning the country’s research quality and China’s academic credibility.”
來(lái)自中國(guó)傳媒大學(xué)的張曉紅教授說(shuō)：“槍手和寫(xiě)手正在荼害著中國(guó)的科研質(zhì)量和中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)的公信力。”
According to experts, the booming academic black market has been fuelled by several factors.
有關(guān)專家表示，學(xué)術(shù)黑市興起的背后，有著幾個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。
Yi Xiaojun, a researcher at Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, points out that too much importance is attached to graduate treatises, especially for some master programs.
陜西社科院研究員易曉軍（音譯）指出，學(xué)校過(guò)于重視畢業(yè)論文，尤其對(duì)于某些研究生項(xiàng)目而言。
The result is that cheats can get their degrees based on one piece of written work.
結(jié)果導(dǎo)致作弊者僅憑一份書(shū)面作業(yè)就可以拿到學(xué)位。
“The school should split its evaluation into many parts so that students have to devote themselves to study on a daily basis to get a certificate,” said Yi.
“學(xué)校的評(píng)估機(jī)制應(yīng)該是多方面的，這樣學(xué)生為了獲得畢業(yè)證書(shū)，就必須要全身心投入到日常學(xué)習(xí)中去。”易曉軍說(shuō)。
Chen Qianyi, of a legal consulting company in Shanghai, said that the lack of clear-cut regulations on paper trading is leaving academic fraud in a gray area while school regulations are too weak.
就職于上海一家法律咨詢公司的陳謙毅（音譯）表示，由于國(guó)家對(duì)于買賣論文沒(méi)有明文規(guī)定，這使得學(xué)術(shù)造假處于一個(gè)灰色地帶。而校規(guī)也顯得力不從心。
“No administration manages the situation,” said Chen. “We see many essay writing companies online with huge business, but we have no specific powers to regulate them.”
“沒(méi)有行政機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)此進(jìn)行管理。” 陳謙毅說(shuō)，“我們看到網(wǎng)上有很多論文寫(xiě)作公司，生意非常好。但我們沒(méi)有具體的權(quán)力去約束它們?！?