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        英語四六級考試??颊Z法精講:虛擬語氣1

        字號:

        英語四級、英語六級??颊Z法:虛擬語氣
            1. 表示現(xiàn)在/過去/將來情況的虛擬條件句
            虛擬條件句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu):
            1) 表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反:主句謂語用“would / could / might +動詞原形”,從句謂語用“動詞的一般過去時”(動詞be的過去式一律用were)。
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            If I were you, I would not accept his offer.
            If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.
            2) 表示與過去情況相反:主句謂語用“would / could / might + have +過去分詞”,從句謂語用過去完成時。
            If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.
            If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.
            3) 表示與將來情況相反:主句謂語用“would / could / might +動詞原形”,從句謂語用“were +動詞不定式”或“should +動詞原形”。
            If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.
            If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.
            2. 虛擬條件句連接詞if的省略
            如果虛擬條件句的從句中含有were, had, should, could等詞時,可以省略連接詞if,但這時必須把were, had, should, could等詞移到主語前面,形成倒裝。這種句型主要用于書面形式。
            Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.
            Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.
            Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
            3. wish后賓語從句中的謂語構(gòu)成
            動詞wish后的賓語從句表示未實現(xiàn)的或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望,其賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,有以下三種構(gòu)成形式。
            1) 表示現(xiàn)在不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望,賓語從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時。(be的過去式為were)。
            I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
            I wish I were as young and energetic as you.
            2) 表示過去未能實現(xiàn)的愿望,賓語從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時(had +過去分詞)或“would / could + have +過去分詞 ”。
            I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.
            I wish I could have done it better.
            3) 表示將來不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望,賓語從句中的謂語動詞用“would / should (could, might) +動詞原形”。
            I wish I would not get old.
            I wish I could travel around the world one day.
            4. 某些動詞后的賓語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣
            在一些動詞后面的賓語從句中,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。這時,謂語動詞用動詞原形或should +動詞原形。這類動詞一般表示命令,要求,決定,建議,主張等概念,主要有:advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。
            The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per cent.
            The teacher decided that you do the experiment first.
            5. 某些名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣
            在一些名詞后面的表語從句和同位語從句中,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。這時,謂語動詞用動詞原形或should +動詞原形。這類名詞一般表示命令,要求,決定,建議,主張等概念,主要有:advice, idea, instruction, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。
            My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately.
            He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again.
            6. 錯綜時間條件句
            條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作,有時發(fā)生的時間是不一致的。如從句是對過去情況的假設(shè),而主句可能是對現(xiàn)在正在進行情況的假設(shè)。 這種句子稱為錯綜時間條件句。
            If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.
            7. 某些主語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣
            某些表示命令,要求,決定,建議,主張以及“重要性”和“緊迫性”等概念的主語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。這時,謂語動詞用動詞原形或should +動詞原形。這類主語從句一般由 “It is (was) + 形容詞/過去分詞 + that引導的從句”構(gòu)成。該結(jié)構(gòu)中,常用的形容詞主要有:advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, urgent, vital等;常用的過去分詞主要有:arranged, decided, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, suggested等。
            It is necessary that you (should) stop smoking so heavily.
            It is arranged that you (should) enter for this competition.
            8. as if / though引起的從句
            當as if / though引起的從句所表達的內(nèi)容完全與實際情況相反或者純粹是一種假設(shè)時,通常要用虛擬語氣。如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在的事實相反,謂語動詞用一般過去時;如果從句表示與過去的事實相反,謂語動詞用過去完成時;如果從句表示與將來的事實相反,謂語動詞用would (might, could) + 動詞原形;
            They talked as if they had been friends for years.
            I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
            It looks as if it might rain.
            Note: 如果as if / though引起的從句所表達的內(nèi)容被看作是事實或者有可能是真實的,則要用陳述語氣。
            It seems as if it is going to rain.
            The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.