相信大家已經(jīng)開始2012年職稱英語的備考了，特整理語法知識，幫大家夯實基礎！?？荚図樌〈蠹铱呻S時關注新東方在線職稱英語考試動態(tài)欄目，我們將第一時間公布相關考試信息。
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2012年職稱英語考試備考：每日一練
2012職稱英語考前訓練營
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視頻│分析2012職稱英語考試新教材變化
資訊│2012年職稱英語等級考試在線答疑
資訊│2012職稱英語六大題型備考攻略
資訊│職稱英語考試三大關鍵助你
職稱考試應試3大技巧解密
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練習│每日一練：綜合類 理工類 衛(wèi)生類
練習│2012年職稱英語考試在線測試
資料│2012職稱英語考試考前重點練習
資料│2012職稱英語資料免費下載中心
2012年全國職稱英語考試語法知識精講（31）
4) As she has lived in China for over 20 years， she can speak Chinese fluently.
Having lived in China for over 20 years， she can speak Chinese fluently.
As they had not finished the lessons， the students had to give up going to see the play.
Not having finished the lessons， the students had to give up going to see the play.
規(guī)則：當句子中出現(xiàn)1)“for + 時間”狀語，或2)當一個行為必須在另一個行為結(jié)束后才能開始的情況下，應該用“完成式”，否定詞 “not” 要放在“having”的前面，即“Not having…”
提示：當你在考試時分不清是否要用“完成式”時，應傾向于選擇有“完成式”的選項。
5) If weather permits， we'll go out for a picnic tomorrow.
Weather permitting， we'll go out for a picnic tomorrow.
When all necessary data had been collected， they began the experiment.
All necessary data having been collected， they began the experiment.
(注：這個句子也可以寫成：All necessary data collected， they began the experiment.考試時按例4)提示選題)
規(guī)則：當句子的主語與非謂語動詞的主格不一致時，應使用“獨立主格形式”，其他變化按上述各項規(guī)定處理
后置(即放在句子的后面)：
需要說明的是：
1. 所謂“前置”和“后置”是相對的，這里這樣區(qū)分一是為了便于理解，二是根據(jù)職稱考試中出題的習慣，便于判題;
2. 關于功能，這里只是講了考試中較多出現(xiàn)的形式和結(jié)構(gòu)，對于諸如如何區(qū)分“目的”和“結(jié)果”等內(nèi)容，因與解題關系不大，這里就不作具體說明了。
下面把非謂語動詞中其他幾個重要問題用實例說明一下：
關于“不定式”作后置狀語的舉例(注意黑體字部分的表達形式)：
1) She was so angry as to be unable to speak. (她氣得連話都說不出來了。)
2) I don't know her well enough to ask her for help.(我與她不太熟悉，不便請她幫忙。)
3) She was too angry to say anything.(她氣得什么都說不出來了。)
4) I'm only too glad to help you.
注意與例3)的區(qū)別：only too與happy， pleased， glad 等詞使用時，表示“非?！保何曳浅Ｔ敢鈳椭?能幫助你真是太高興了)。
5) We waited in the train for nearly three hours， only to be told that the appointment had been canceled. (only to…表示意想不到的結(jié)果：我們在雨中等了近3個小時，結(jié)果被告知約會取消了。)
6) To be fair， he has been working very hard recently.(公平地說，他近工作一直非常努力。類似的表達方式還有：
to tell the truth(說實話)， to be frank(老實說)，to go without saying (不用說 / 毫無疑問) 等。
關于分詞做后置狀語的舉例 (注意括號中句子的演變過程)：
1) She received an E-mail from her brother， saying that her mother was seriously ill. (她收到她兄弟發(fā)來的一份電子郵件，(郵件上)說她母親病得很厲害。= She received an E-mail from her brother， which(= an E-mail)said that her mother was seriously ill)
2) Serious infection may develop in some patients， resulting in death. (有些病人會發(fā)生嚴重感染，導致死亡。(= Serious infection may develop in some patients， which results in death.)
3) The guests entered the office， accompanied by the manager. (客人在經(jīng)理陪同下走進辦公室。 = The guests entered the office， who were accompanied by the manager.)
重磅閱讀
2012年職稱英語考試備考：每日一練
2012職稱英語考前訓練營
[學員龍虎榜] [300元導學課程免費領取]
視頻│分析2012職稱英語考試新教材變化
資訊│2012年職稱英語等級考試在線答疑
資訊│2012職稱英語六大題型備考攻略
資訊│職稱英語考試三大關鍵助你
職稱考試應試3大技巧解密
[經(jīng)驗交流：零基礎 方法+努力=]
練習│每日一練：綜合類 理工類 衛(wèi)生類
練習│2012年職稱英語考試在線測試
資料│2012職稱英語考試考前重點練習
資料│2012職稱英語資料免費下載中心
2012年全國職稱英語考試語法知識精講（31）
4) As she has lived in China for over 20 years， she can speak Chinese fluently.
Having lived in China for over 20 years， she can speak Chinese fluently.
As they had not finished the lessons， the students had to give up going to see the play.
Not having finished the lessons， the students had to give up going to see the play.
規(guī)則：當句子中出現(xiàn)1)“for + 時間”狀語，或2)當一個行為必須在另一個行為結(jié)束后才能開始的情況下，應該用“完成式”，否定詞 “not” 要放在“having”的前面，即“Not having…”
提示：當你在考試時分不清是否要用“完成式”時，應傾向于選擇有“完成式”的選項。
5) If weather permits， we'll go out for a picnic tomorrow.
Weather permitting， we'll go out for a picnic tomorrow.
When all necessary data had been collected， they began the experiment.
All necessary data having been collected， they began the experiment.
(注：這個句子也可以寫成：All necessary data collected， they began the experiment.考試時按例4)提示選題)
規(guī)則：當句子的主語與非謂語動詞的主格不一致時，應使用“獨立主格形式”，其他變化按上述各項規(guī)定處理
后置(即放在句子的后面)：
需要說明的是：
1. 所謂“前置”和“后置”是相對的，這里這樣區(qū)分一是為了便于理解，二是根據(jù)職稱考試中出題的習慣，便于判題;
2. 關于功能，這里只是講了考試中較多出現(xiàn)的形式和結(jié)構(gòu)，對于諸如如何區(qū)分“目的”和“結(jié)果”等內(nèi)容，因與解題關系不大，這里就不作具體說明了。
下面把非謂語動詞中其他幾個重要問題用實例說明一下：
關于“不定式”作后置狀語的舉例(注意黑體字部分的表達形式)：
1) She was so angry as to be unable to speak. (她氣得連話都說不出來了。)
2) I don't know her well enough to ask her for help.(我與她不太熟悉，不便請她幫忙。)
3) She was too angry to say anything.(她氣得什么都說不出來了。)
4) I'm only too glad to help you.
注意與例3)的區(qū)別：only too與happy， pleased， glad 等詞使用時，表示“非?！保何曳浅Ｔ敢鈳椭?能幫助你真是太高興了)。
5) We waited in the train for nearly three hours， only to be told that the appointment had been canceled. (only to…表示意想不到的結(jié)果：我們在雨中等了近3個小時，結(jié)果被告知約會取消了。)
6) To be fair， he has been working very hard recently.(公平地說，他近工作一直非常努力。類似的表達方式還有：
to tell the truth(說實話)， to be frank(老實說)，to go without saying (不用說 / 毫無疑問) 等。
關于分詞做后置狀語的舉例 (注意括號中句子的演變過程)：
1) She received an E-mail from her brother， saying that her mother was seriously ill. (她收到她兄弟發(fā)來的一份電子郵件，(郵件上)說她母親病得很厲害。= She received an E-mail from her brother， which(= an E-mail)said that her mother was seriously ill)
2) Serious infection may develop in some patients， resulting in death. (有些病人會發(fā)生嚴重感染，導致死亡。(= Serious infection may develop in some patients， which results in death.)
3) The guests entered the office， accompanied by the manager. (客人在經(jīng)理陪同下走進辦公室。 = The guests entered the office， who were accompanied by the manager.)