邏輯的力量是指在進(jìn)行口語回答的過程中，通過用一些路標(biāo)詞或特定句型，使口語錄音在內(nèi)容上體現(xiàn)出清晰的邏輯層次感。根據(jù)新托福口語官方評分細(xì)則，話題發(fā)展（Topic development）作為四大評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一，具體考察的就是考生清楚陳述或組織語言的能力。
一、概念解釋
從交流角度出發(fā)，說話者在發(fā)言的過程中使用的“信號彈”被證明能大大提高聽者對所聽內(nèi)容的理解或把握度。新托?？谡Z六個問題的后四個都屬于綜合題（Integrated Speaking Tasks），能否對閱讀和聽力材料的重要信息進(jìn)行合理轉(zhuǎn)述是評分的一項重要指標(biāo)。其中的Task4，是要求用聽力中的具體例子來解釋閱讀中所涉及的某一抽象概念?？脊僭谠u分時，會以此為要求，著重關(guān)注考生是否在錄音中按要求完成了“解釋”這一任務(wù)。作為考生，當(dāng)然就要故意去釋放一些“信號彈”，引導(dǎo)考官快速理解自己的答案，識別出答案中符合要求的部分，進(jìn)而給出相應(yīng)得分，這才算是力氣用在了刀刃上。那么如何做到這一點，到底什么是信號彈？讀到這里，相信大家都已經(jīng)有了答案，那就是邏輯詞的使用，包括表示句與句之間讓步轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、遞進(jìn)、舉例、解釋、條件、比較和對比等關(guān)系的詞。由此就產(chǎn)生出相應(yīng)的幾大狀語從句。需要提出的是，由于Task4話題會有不同，那么答題過程中用到各種狀語從句的概率也就不同，切不可一概而論。下面，通過兩個不同類型的Task4考題實例，講解以上從句的用法，以此體現(xiàn)以狀語從句在新托?？谡Z答題中的重要作用。
For thousands of years, humans have been able to domesticate, or tame, many large mammals that in the wild live together in herds. Once tamed, these mammals are used for agricultural work and transportation. Yet some herd mammals are not easily domesticated. A good indicator of an animal’s suitability for domestication is how protective the animal is of its territory. Non-territorial animals are more easily domesticated than territorial animals because they can live close together with animals from other herds. A second indicator is that animals with a hierarchical social structure, in which herd members follow a leader, are easy to domesticate, since a human can function as the “l(fā)eader.”
聽力材料：
So we’ve been discussing the suitability of animals for domestication . . . particularly animals that live together in herds. Now, if we take horses, for example . . . in the wild, horses live in herds that consist of one male and several females and their young. When a herd moves, the dominant male leads, with the dominant female and her young immediately behind him. The dominant female and her young are then followed immediately by the second most important female and her young, and so on. This is why domesticated horses can be harnessed one after the other in a row. They’re “programmed” to follow the lead of another horse. On top of that, you often find different herds of horses in the wild occupying overlapping areas—they don’t fight off other herds that enter the same territory. But it’s exactly the opposite with an animal like the uh, the antelope . . . which . . . well, antelopes are herd animals too. But unlike horses, a male antelope will fight fiercely to prevent another male from entering its territory during the breeding season, OK—very different from the behavior of horses. Try keeping a couple of male antelopes together in a small space and see what happens. Also, antelopes don’t have a social hierarchy—they don’t instinctively follow any leader. That makes it harder for humans to control their behavior.
問題：
The professor describes the behavior of horses and antelope in herds. Explain how their behavior is related to their suitability for domestication.
參考答案：
According to the lecture, herd animals can be easily domesticated if they have a hierarchical social structure and are not territorial, and that this is why it is easier to domesticate horses than antelopes. As in the example of horses, their hierarchical social structure makes them willing to follow one another and thus allows a human being to act as their leader. It is also because horses are not territorial that they can be harnessed together without fighting. By comparison, although antelopes are herd animals too, they cannot be easy to domesticate. As a matter of fact, male antelopes fight if they are together, which means they are territorial, and because antelopes do not have a social hierarchy, humans can’t control them by acting as their leader.
一、概念解釋
從交流角度出發(fā)，說話者在發(fā)言的過程中使用的“信號彈”被證明能大大提高聽者對所聽內(nèi)容的理解或把握度。新托?？谡Z六個問題的后四個都屬于綜合題（Integrated Speaking Tasks），能否對閱讀和聽力材料的重要信息進(jìn)行合理轉(zhuǎn)述是評分的一項重要指標(biāo)。其中的Task4，是要求用聽力中的具體例子來解釋閱讀中所涉及的某一抽象概念?？脊僭谠u分時，會以此為要求，著重關(guān)注考生是否在錄音中按要求完成了“解釋”這一任務(wù)。作為考生，當(dāng)然就要故意去釋放一些“信號彈”，引導(dǎo)考官快速理解自己的答案，識別出答案中符合要求的部分，進(jìn)而給出相應(yīng)得分，這才算是力氣用在了刀刃上。那么如何做到這一點，到底什么是信號彈？讀到這里，相信大家都已經(jīng)有了答案，那就是邏輯詞的使用，包括表示句與句之間讓步轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、遞進(jìn)、舉例、解釋、條件、比較和對比等關(guān)系的詞。由此就產(chǎn)生出相應(yīng)的幾大狀語從句。需要提出的是，由于Task4話題會有不同，那么答題過程中用到各種狀語從句的概率也就不同，切不可一概而論。下面，通過兩個不同類型的Task4考題實例，講解以上從句的用法，以此體現(xiàn)以狀語從句在新托?？谡Z答題中的重要作用。
For thousands of years, humans have been able to domesticate, or tame, many large mammals that in the wild live together in herds. Once tamed, these mammals are used for agricultural work and transportation. Yet some herd mammals are not easily domesticated. A good indicator of an animal’s suitability for domestication is how protective the animal is of its territory. Non-territorial animals are more easily domesticated than territorial animals because they can live close together with animals from other herds. A second indicator is that animals with a hierarchical social structure, in which herd members follow a leader, are easy to domesticate, since a human can function as the “l(fā)eader.”
聽力材料：
So we’ve been discussing the suitability of animals for domestication . . . particularly animals that live together in herds. Now, if we take horses, for example . . . in the wild, horses live in herds that consist of one male and several females and their young. When a herd moves, the dominant male leads, with the dominant female and her young immediately behind him. The dominant female and her young are then followed immediately by the second most important female and her young, and so on. This is why domesticated horses can be harnessed one after the other in a row. They’re “programmed” to follow the lead of another horse. On top of that, you often find different herds of horses in the wild occupying overlapping areas—they don’t fight off other herds that enter the same territory. But it’s exactly the opposite with an animal like the uh, the antelope . . . which . . . well, antelopes are herd animals too. But unlike horses, a male antelope will fight fiercely to prevent another male from entering its territory during the breeding season, OK—very different from the behavior of horses. Try keeping a couple of male antelopes together in a small space and see what happens. Also, antelopes don’t have a social hierarchy—they don’t instinctively follow any leader. That makes it harder for humans to control their behavior.
問題：
The professor describes the behavior of horses and antelope in herds. Explain how their behavior is related to their suitability for domestication.
參考答案：
According to the lecture, herd animals can be easily domesticated if they have a hierarchical social structure and are not territorial, and that this is why it is easier to domesticate horses than antelopes. As in the example of horses, their hierarchical social structure makes them willing to follow one another and thus allows a human being to act as their leader. It is also because horses are not territorial that they can be harnessed together without fighting. By comparison, although antelopes are herd animals too, they cannot be easy to domesticate. As a matter of fact, male antelopes fight if they are together, which means they are territorial, and because antelopes do not have a social hierarchy, humans can’t control them by acting as their leader.