Children who drink more milk do not necessarily develop healthier bones, researchers said on Monday in a report that stresses exercise and modest consumption of calcium-rich foods such as tofu and broccoli.
Appearing in the journal Pediatrics, the report drew its conclusions from previously published studies and was written by researchers from the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, which advocates a strict vegetarian diet.
"Under scientific scrutiny, the support for the milk myth crumbles. This analysis of 58 published studies shows that the evidence on which U.S. dairy intake recommendations are based is scant," said study author Dr. Amy Lanou in a statement.
Some earlier studies that extol dairy products as a calcium source have been funded at least in part by the dairy industry.
The U.S. government has gradually increased recommendations for daily calcium intake, largely from dairy products, to between 800 and 1,300 milligrams to promote healthy bones and prevent osteoporosis.
But the Physicians Committee's report said boosting consumption of milk or other dairy products was not necessarily the best way to provide the minimal calcium intake of at least 400 milligrams per day. Other ways to get the absorbable calcium found in one cup of cow's milk include a cup of fortified orange juice, a cup of cooked kale or turnip greens, two packages of instant oats, two-thirds cup of tofu, or 1-2/3 cups of broccoli, the report said.
Several of the studies, which examined such factors as bone density and rate of fractures, concluded that exercise may be more important than increased calcium consumption in developing strong bones.
Data was scarce on the effect of calcium intake for children younger than 7 years, the report said. Dairy products provide 18 percent of the total energy and 25 percent of the total fat intake in the diets of American children, who are developing increasing rates of obesity, it said.
In an editorial in the journal commenting on the report, Frank Greer, a pediatrician at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, said the ideal way to achieve the goal of healthy bones is to make sure children exercise and consume up to 1,300 milligrams a day of calcium.
美國的一些研究人員日前在一份報(bào)告里說，兒童牛奶喝得越多，不一定就對骨骼越有益；運(yùn)動以及食用適量的富含鈣的食品（如豆腐）會促進(jìn)兒童骨骼發(fā)育。
據(jù)路透社3月7日報(bào)道，此前，美國政府不斷勸告人們，每天食用奶制品可以增加身體對鈣的攝取量；兒童如果每天能吸收800到1300毫克的鈣元素，就能提高骨骼健康、防止骨質(zhì)疏松癥。然而，根據(jù)這份發(fā)表在《兒科學(xué)》期刊上的研究報(bào)告，增加牛奶和其它奶制品的食用量不一定是滿足身體每天至少400毫克鈣需求量的方式。
這份報(bào)告的作者是華盛頓醫(yī)學(xué)醫(yī)師委員會的一些研究人員。他們重新研究了37篇關(guān)于（7歲以上兒童）鈣的攝取對骨骼密度影響的論文，發(fā)現(xiàn)27篇論文不支持喝更多牛奶能吸收更多鈣的說法。有幾篇論文認(rèn)為，鍛煉比提高鈣的攝取量更有助于強(qiáng)化骨骼。但是，目前缺乏關(guān)于7歲以下兒童攝取鈣的效果的數(shù)據(jù)。
研究報(bào)告說，兒童通過喝1杯牛奶里所攝取到的能吸收的鈣，可通過喝一杯強(qiáng)化橙汁、一杯煮熟的羽衣甘藍(lán)、兩包速溶麥片、三分之二杯豆腐或者一杯半多的椰菜等也都可以攝取到。對于那些逐漸肥胖的美國兒童來說，奶制品提供了18％的熱量和25％的脂肪。
研究小組的組長艾米·Lanou在報(bào)告里說：“現(xiàn)在能得到的證據(jù)無法證實(shí)以前的營養(yǎng)指導(dǎo)：多喝牛奶或多食用奶制品能促進(jìn)兒童和青少年骨骼發(fā)育?！痹谶@份報(bào)告的注解里，美國威斯康星大學(xué)的兒科醫(yī)師弗蘭克·Greer說，使骨骼發(fā)育健康的理想方法是，讓孩子鍛煉并且每天最多攝取1300毫克的鈣。而要獲取這么多的鈣，最簡單的方法是食用低脂奶制品；低脂奶制品中含有對人體很有價(jià)值的維生素D，又是通常別的食物中所沒有的。
Appearing in the journal Pediatrics, the report drew its conclusions from previously published studies and was written by researchers from the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, which advocates a strict vegetarian diet.
"Under scientific scrutiny, the support for the milk myth crumbles. This analysis of 58 published studies shows that the evidence on which U.S. dairy intake recommendations are based is scant," said study author Dr. Amy Lanou in a statement.
Some earlier studies that extol dairy products as a calcium source have been funded at least in part by the dairy industry.
The U.S. government has gradually increased recommendations for daily calcium intake, largely from dairy products, to between 800 and 1,300 milligrams to promote healthy bones and prevent osteoporosis.
But the Physicians Committee's report said boosting consumption of milk or other dairy products was not necessarily the best way to provide the minimal calcium intake of at least 400 milligrams per day. Other ways to get the absorbable calcium found in one cup of cow's milk include a cup of fortified orange juice, a cup of cooked kale or turnip greens, two packages of instant oats, two-thirds cup of tofu, or 1-2/3 cups of broccoli, the report said.
Several of the studies, which examined such factors as bone density and rate of fractures, concluded that exercise may be more important than increased calcium consumption in developing strong bones.
Data was scarce on the effect of calcium intake for children younger than 7 years, the report said. Dairy products provide 18 percent of the total energy and 25 percent of the total fat intake in the diets of American children, who are developing increasing rates of obesity, it said.
In an editorial in the journal commenting on the report, Frank Greer, a pediatrician at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, said the ideal way to achieve the goal of healthy bones is to make sure children exercise and consume up to 1,300 milligrams a day of calcium.
美國的一些研究人員日前在一份報(bào)告里說，兒童牛奶喝得越多，不一定就對骨骼越有益；運(yùn)動以及食用適量的富含鈣的食品（如豆腐）會促進(jìn)兒童骨骼發(fā)育。
據(jù)路透社3月7日報(bào)道，此前，美國政府不斷勸告人們，每天食用奶制品可以增加身體對鈣的攝取量；兒童如果每天能吸收800到1300毫克的鈣元素，就能提高骨骼健康、防止骨質(zhì)疏松癥。然而，根據(jù)這份發(fā)表在《兒科學(xué)》期刊上的研究報(bào)告，增加牛奶和其它奶制品的食用量不一定是滿足身體每天至少400毫克鈣需求量的方式。
這份報(bào)告的作者是華盛頓醫(yī)學(xué)醫(yī)師委員會的一些研究人員。他們重新研究了37篇關(guān)于（7歲以上兒童）鈣的攝取對骨骼密度影響的論文，發(fā)現(xiàn)27篇論文不支持喝更多牛奶能吸收更多鈣的說法。有幾篇論文認(rèn)為，鍛煉比提高鈣的攝取量更有助于強(qiáng)化骨骼。但是，目前缺乏關(guān)于7歲以下兒童攝取鈣的效果的數(shù)據(jù)。
研究報(bào)告說，兒童通過喝1杯牛奶里所攝取到的能吸收的鈣，可通過喝一杯強(qiáng)化橙汁、一杯煮熟的羽衣甘藍(lán)、兩包速溶麥片、三分之二杯豆腐或者一杯半多的椰菜等也都可以攝取到。對于那些逐漸肥胖的美國兒童來說，奶制品提供了18％的熱量和25％的脂肪。
研究小組的組長艾米·Lanou在報(bào)告里說：“現(xiàn)在能得到的證據(jù)無法證實(shí)以前的營養(yǎng)指導(dǎo)：多喝牛奶或多食用奶制品能促進(jìn)兒童和青少年骨骼發(fā)育?！痹谶@份報(bào)告的注解里，美國威斯康星大學(xué)的兒科醫(yī)師弗蘭克·Greer說，使骨骼發(fā)育健康的理想方法是，讓孩子鍛煉并且每天最多攝取1300毫克的鈣。而要獲取這么多的鈣，最簡單的方法是食用低脂奶制品；低脂奶制品中含有對人體很有價(jià)值的維生素D，又是通常別的食物中所沒有的。