The albatross - legendary protector of seafarers - is heading for extinction. Biologists have discovered that swordfish and tuna fishing fleets are eliminating more than 100,000 of these birds every year. In a couple of decades most species will be wiped out unless urgent action is taken.
This alarming conclusion, to be outlined this week at a major zoological conference in London, is based on a new generation of tracking units that have been monitoring the behaviour of these giant birds for the past few years.
The instruments have shown that albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation, and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land. During their lives, they fly the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon: more than 10 million miles.
'However, our research has discovered that albatrosses are being killed at a horrific rate,' said Professor John Croxall, of the British Antarctic Survey. 'The trouble stems from long-line fishing in which boats tow huge, heavily baited lines. The albatrosses try to eat the bait and get dragged down and drowned.'
Albatrosses breed once every one or two years. While rearing youngsters, parents undergo journeys of thousands of miles to find food. However, these vast distances increase the albatrosses' chance of encountering a fishing fleet. Many get tangled in mile-long lines laced with bait. Most fleet owners deny causing anything but the occasional death. However, recent data makes clear that more than 100,000 albatrosses a year may die in lines.
'The problem is that albatrosses - no matter the species - breed relatively infrequently and only by the time they are 12 to 15 years old,' said Croxall. 'They used to live to around the age of 50, so that was not a great problem. But now they are being killed off before they can reach even half that age.'
Measures include weighting lines so they sink quickly and do not entice birds, setting lines at night, and setting off bird-scaring lines - made up of multi-coloured streamers to startle seabirds.
'All these measures are relatively simple to implement and cost only a few dollars,' Croxall said. 'However, we have to convince fleet managers that it is worth their while. We reckon they are losing about ￡10 million a year because albatrosses are getting caught on their lines, preventing fish from being caught.'
信天翁——傳說(shuō)中航海人的守護(hù)者——已經(jīng)瀕臨滅絕了。生物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，每年有10萬(wàn)多只信天翁被捕捉旗魚(yú)或金槍魚(yú)的漁船殺死。如果不采取緊急措施，幾十年之后，大部分的信天翁種類都會(huì)滅絕。
在過(guò)去的幾年中，科學(xué)家利用一種新型跟蹤設(shè)備對(duì)信天翁的行為進(jìn)行了監(jiān)控，才得出了這一驚人的結(jié)論，并在本周于倫敦召開(kāi)的一個(gè)動(dòng)物學(xué)會(huì)議上將之公布。
這一跟蹤儀器還表明，信天翁有極強(qiáng)的耐力和航海能力，能夠繞地球飛行幾圈而不著陸。它們一生的行程約有一千多萬(wàn)英里，相當(dāng)于往返地球與月球之間50次。
英國(guó)南極勘查局教授約翰·克羅克索爾說(shuō)："然而，我們的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，信天翁正以驚人的速度被殺死，而兇手正是延繩釣捕魚(yú)作業(yè)。信天翁總是被延繩釣的誘餌所吸引，從而被布滿誘餌的繩子纏繞溺死。"
信天翁每一或二年繁殖一次，為了喂養(yǎng)孩子，他們跋涉數(shù)千英里去覓食。也正是這樣的長(zhǎng)途跋涉增加了信天翁碰上捕魚(yú)船的幾率。它們被布滿誘餌的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的魚(yú)線纏住無(wú)法脫身。大部分漁船都否認(rèn)這一嚴(yán)重后果，只承認(rèn)偶爾會(huì)有信天翁死在魚(yú)線上。然而，最新數(shù)據(jù)表明，每年有超過(guò)十萬(wàn)只信天翁喪生于此。
克羅克索爾說(shuō)："問(wèn)題在于不論何種信天翁，都只有滿12至15歲后才會(huì)繁殖，次數(shù)也不多。他們通常的壽命有50年，但現(xiàn)在他們還沒(méi)到繁殖年齡的一半就已經(jīng)被殺死了。"
可以挽救信天翁的方法包括加重延繩釣線的重量，使它們可以迅速下沉而不會(huì)纏住鳥(niǎo)兒；在夜晚布釣線或在釣線上加上彩帶驚嚇鳥(niǎo)兒，使其不敢靠近等。
克羅克索爾說(shuō)："所有的措施操作起來(lái)都相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單，花費(fèi)也很少。但我們必須讓漁船經(jīng)營(yíng)者相信這么做是值得的。根據(jù)我們計(jì)算，如果信天翁被纏在他們的釣線上，他們每年會(huì)因?yàn)樯僮紧~(yú)而損失約一千萬(wàn)英鎊。"
This alarming conclusion, to be outlined this week at a major zoological conference in London, is based on a new generation of tracking units that have been monitoring the behaviour of these giant birds for the past few years.
The instruments have shown that albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation, and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land. During their lives, they fly the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon: more than 10 million miles.
'However, our research has discovered that albatrosses are being killed at a horrific rate,' said Professor John Croxall, of the British Antarctic Survey. 'The trouble stems from long-line fishing in which boats tow huge, heavily baited lines. The albatrosses try to eat the bait and get dragged down and drowned.'
Albatrosses breed once every one or two years. While rearing youngsters, parents undergo journeys of thousands of miles to find food. However, these vast distances increase the albatrosses' chance of encountering a fishing fleet. Many get tangled in mile-long lines laced with bait. Most fleet owners deny causing anything but the occasional death. However, recent data makes clear that more than 100,000 albatrosses a year may die in lines.
'The problem is that albatrosses - no matter the species - breed relatively infrequently and only by the time they are 12 to 15 years old,' said Croxall. 'They used to live to around the age of 50, so that was not a great problem. But now they are being killed off before they can reach even half that age.'
Measures include weighting lines so they sink quickly and do not entice birds, setting lines at night, and setting off bird-scaring lines - made up of multi-coloured streamers to startle seabirds.
'All these measures are relatively simple to implement and cost only a few dollars,' Croxall said. 'However, we have to convince fleet managers that it is worth their while. We reckon they are losing about ￡10 million a year because albatrosses are getting caught on their lines, preventing fish from being caught.'
信天翁——傳說(shuō)中航海人的守護(hù)者——已經(jīng)瀕臨滅絕了。生物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，每年有10萬(wàn)多只信天翁被捕捉旗魚(yú)或金槍魚(yú)的漁船殺死。如果不采取緊急措施，幾十年之后，大部分的信天翁種類都會(huì)滅絕。
在過(guò)去的幾年中，科學(xué)家利用一種新型跟蹤設(shè)備對(duì)信天翁的行為進(jìn)行了監(jiān)控，才得出了這一驚人的結(jié)論，并在本周于倫敦召開(kāi)的一個(gè)動(dòng)物學(xué)會(huì)議上將之公布。
這一跟蹤儀器還表明，信天翁有極強(qiáng)的耐力和航海能力，能夠繞地球飛行幾圈而不著陸。它們一生的行程約有一千多萬(wàn)英里，相當(dāng)于往返地球與月球之間50次。
英國(guó)南極勘查局教授約翰·克羅克索爾說(shuō)："然而，我們的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，信天翁正以驚人的速度被殺死，而兇手正是延繩釣捕魚(yú)作業(yè)。信天翁總是被延繩釣的誘餌所吸引，從而被布滿誘餌的繩子纏繞溺死。"
信天翁每一或二年繁殖一次，為了喂養(yǎng)孩子，他們跋涉數(shù)千英里去覓食。也正是這樣的長(zhǎng)途跋涉增加了信天翁碰上捕魚(yú)船的幾率。它們被布滿誘餌的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的魚(yú)線纏住無(wú)法脫身。大部分漁船都否認(rèn)這一嚴(yán)重后果，只承認(rèn)偶爾會(huì)有信天翁死在魚(yú)線上。然而，最新數(shù)據(jù)表明，每年有超過(guò)十萬(wàn)只信天翁喪生于此。
克羅克索爾說(shuō)："問(wèn)題在于不論何種信天翁，都只有滿12至15歲后才會(huì)繁殖，次數(shù)也不多。他們通常的壽命有50年，但現(xiàn)在他們還沒(méi)到繁殖年齡的一半就已經(jīng)被殺死了。"
可以挽救信天翁的方法包括加重延繩釣線的重量，使它們可以迅速下沉而不會(huì)纏住鳥(niǎo)兒；在夜晚布釣線或在釣線上加上彩帶驚嚇鳥(niǎo)兒，使其不敢靠近等。
克羅克索爾說(shuō)："所有的措施操作起來(lái)都相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單，花費(fèi)也很少。但我們必須讓漁船經(jīng)營(yíng)者相信這么做是值得的。根據(jù)我們計(jì)算，如果信天翁被纏在他們的釣線上，他們每年會(huì)因?yàn)樯僮紧~(yú)而損失約一千萬(wàn)英鎊。"