UNIT 13 WOMEN AND TOBACCO
GLOSSARY
advocate n. a person who speaks for or supports an idea， way of life， etc. 鼓吹者；提倡者
affluent a. having plenty of money or other possessions 豐富的；富裕的
agenda n. a list of the business or subjects to be considered at a meeting 議事日程表
appropriate a. correct or suitable 適當(dāng)?shù)?；合適的
ban v. forbid， esp. by law 禁止
cessation n. a short pause or a stop 停止
dramatic a. sudden or exciting 戲劇般的；激動人心的
encourage v. give courage or hope to （sb.） 鼓勵；促進
enthusiasm n. a strong feeling of interest and admiration 熱情；熱心
environment n. all the surrounding conditions which influence growth and development 環(huán)境
epidemic n. a very common infectious disease in a place for a time 流行病；時疫
escalate v. rise one after the other 逐漸上升
estimate v. calculate； form an opinion as to the degree 估計；估量
expose v. make known （ a secretly guilty person or action） 揭露；暴露
glamorous a. having or causing the power of attraction 有魅力的
hazard n. （of activity） which contains risk or danger 危險；冒險
identify v. power or show who or what a particular person or thing is 認(rèn)出；識別；驗明
impact n. the force of an idea， invention， system， etc 效果；影響；沖擊
increasingly ad. more and more all the time 日益
induce v. lead （sb.） （into an act） often by persuading 引誘；勸使
involuntary a. acting or done unwillingly 非自愿的
legislate v. make laws 立法
mortality n. the number of deaths from a certain cause 死亡數(shù)
pollute v. make （air， water， soil， etc.） dangerously impure or unfit to use 污染
predicate v. state firmly 斷言；聲明
respiratory v. connected with breathing 呼吸（作用）的
responsible a. morally liable for the carrying out of some duty 有責(zé)任的；盡責(zé)的
restrict v. keep within limits 限制；約束
revenue n. in come， esp. that which the government receives as taxes?。▏业模┒愂?BR> reverse v. change to the opposite 反向；顛倒
statistics n. collected numbers which represent facts or measurements 統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料
subtle a. delicate， hardly noticeable， and esp. pleasant 精巧的；敏感的
tackle v. deal with （a matter） 處理；解決
toll n. the cost in health， life， etc. from illness， an accident 重大的代價，損失；（事故的）傷亡人數(shù)
cardiovascular a. 心血管（性）的
lethal stroke 由于中風(fēng)而引起的死亡
UNIT 14 WATER IN INDUSTRY
GLOSSARY
accessible a. able to be reached 可接近的，能進去的
alter v. change in character， appearance， etc. 改變
bleach v. make or become white 漂白
condense v. （of a gas ） change to liquid 冷凝
dam n. a wall or bank built to keep back water 水壩，水堤
dense a. Crowded together in great numbers 密集的；稠密的
deposit n. layer of matter left 沉淀，淤積
derive v. obtain， get 取得，得到
devise v. think out （plans） 想出（計劃）
dye v. color， usu. by dipping in a liquid 染，把…染上顏色
evaporate v. change into steam and disappear 蒸發(fā)；揮發(fā)
exert v. put forth產(chǎn)生
exploit v. develop fully so as to get profit 開發(fā)，利用
extract v. take out with a machine or instrument or by chemical means 取出；提取
extraction n. the act of extracting 提取
fraction n. small part 小部分；一點兒
hydroelectric a. of electricity produced by water power 水力發(fā)電的
inaccessible a. that cannot be reached 達不到的；難接近的
inexhaustible a. that cannot be used up completely 用不完的；無窮無盡的
initial a. of or at the beginning 最初的，開始的
moisture n. water or other liquids in the form of steam or mist潮氣，濕氣
process n. method，esp. one used in manufacture of industry 工序；制作法
regulate v. fix or control 控制，操縱
source n. place from which sth. comes or is got 來源地；來源
ultimately ad. basically； finally 基本地；最終
utilize v. make use of 利用
vital a. very necessary 必不可少的，極其重要的
calcium n. 鈣
carbonate n. 碳酸鹽
dissolved a. 溶于液體中的
gravity n. 萬有引力
ingot n. （金屬）鑄塊，錠
UNIT 15 SAMPLING THE MARKET
GLOSSARY
absolutely ad. completely 絕對地；完全地
allocation n. the giving of shares 分配；配給
appreciably ad. noticeably； enough to be fact， or considered important 可估計地；足以感到地
at random aimlessly without any plan 無目的；無計劃
categorization n. putting in a class or category 分類
category n. kind； class； type 種類；類目
certainty n. freedom of doubt 無疑問；確實
deviation n. the difference （between a measure and the average of all the measures 偏差
diagonal a. slanting 斜的
estimate v. calculate； form an opinion as to the degree of sth. 估計；評價
extrapolate v. guess from known facts 推知；推斷
fluke n. a lucky accident 僥幸
freak n. a living creature of unnatural form； a person with father strange habits or ideas 畸形的人
lopsided a. having one side heavier or lower than the other； not balanced 傾斜的；不平衡的
observations n. saying or writings about things noticed 觀察材料（或報告）
potential a. existing in possibility 潛在的；有可能性的
probability n. likelihood； the chance of an event happening 可能性
provided conj. on condition that； if us …為條件；假如
questionnaire a piece of paper showing a set of questions to be answered 問題表；調(diào)查表
representative a. typical 代表性的；典型的
rogue n. a very dishonest person， esp. a man 流氓；無賴
sampling n. calculating by taking and examining a small part representing the whole 取樣檢驗
skew a. not straight； sloping or twisted 斜的；歪的；偏的
stroke n. a line made by a single movement of a pen or brush in writing 一筆；一劃
subdivision smaller group or class produced by further dividing 由再分分出的部份；細(xì)分
sympathetic a. having or slowing the ability to share the feelings of others 同情的；有同情心的
tally n. mark to register a fixed number of objects or units 計數(shù)的簽；籌碼；記錄
throw up v. produce 產(chǎn)生
tolerance n. margin of error； the amount by which the measure of a value can vary from the amount intended 容限；容許量
tolerate vt. allow； permit 容忍；默許
cross-section 橫斷面；截面
formular n. 公式
histogram n. 直方圖；矩形圖
gradient n. 斜度；變化率
margin n. 差數(shù)；幅度；余地；界限
polling n. 民意測驗
proportional a. 成正比例的；相稱的
statistician n. 統(tǒng)計員；統(tǒng)計學(xué)家
statistics n. 統(tǒng)計；統(tǒng)計學(xué)；統(tǒng)計資料
UNIT 16 GETTING THE MOST FROM THE MICRO BOOM
GLOSSARY
affordable a. able to be bought 買得起
anguish n. severe suffering 極度的痛苦
apparent a. easily seen or understood； plain 顯而易見的
available a. that can be obtained 能得到的
axiom n. statement accepted as true without proof or argument 公理；格言
boom n. rapid growth or increase 激增，暴漲
commodity n. a thing of use sold for profit 商品
consequently ad. as a result 結(jié)果
corrupt a. immoral； depraved； dishonest 不道德的；腐敗的；不誠實的
delay v. & n. put off until later； stop for a time or cause to be late； the act of delaying or the state of being delayed 推遲，耽擱，延誤
denote v. indicate 表示，指示
detail v. describe fully 詳述
diverse a. of different kinds 多種多樣的
entrepreneur n. a person who organises and manages a commercial undertaking 企業(yè)家
forethought n. wise planning for future needs 深謀遠慮
illustrate vt. explain by examples （用例子）闡明
inextricably a. inseparably 無法擺脫的
main n. principal pipe bringing water or gas （水或煤氣等的）總管道
marked a. clear； readily seen 清楚的，顯而易見的
portion n. part 部分
precise a. exact in form， detail， time， measurements， etc. 精確的
primarily ad. mainly； chiefly 主要的，首要的
programming n. supplying a computer with a plan of the operations to be performed 程序輸入
rage v. be very violent 大怒
sizable a. rather large （=sizeable） 相當(dāng)大的
specimen n. one as an example of a class 抽樣，標(biāo)本
startlingly ad. surprisingly； shockingly 驚人地
tangible a. that can be felt by touch 可觸知的
vague a. not clear in meaning 含糊的
variation n. difference or alternation 變化，變更
wary a. careful 小心翼翼的
wreak havoc cause widespread damage 浩劫；造成嚴(yán)重破壞
adaptor n. 接合器；接頭
desktop a. 臺式的
ledger n. 分類帳
GLOSSARY
advocate n. a person who speaks for or supports an idea， way of life， etc. 鼓吹者；提倡者
affluent a. having plenty of money or other possessions 豐富的；富裕的
agenda n. a list of the business or subjects to be considered at a meeting 議事日程表
appropriate a. correct or suitable 適當(dāng)?shù)?；合適的
ban v. forbid， esp. by law 禁止
cessation n. a short pause or a stop 停止
dramatic a. sudden or exciting 戲劇般的；激動人心的
encourage v. give courage or hope to （sb.） 鼓勵；促進
enthusiasm n. a strong feeling of interest and admiration 熱情；熱心
environment n. all the surrounding conditions which influence growth and development 環(huán)境
epidemic n. a very common infectious disease in a place for a time 流行病；時疫
escalate v. rise one after the other 逐漸上升
estimate v. calculate； form an opinion as to the degree 估計；估量
expose v. make known （ a secretly guilty person or action） 揭露；暴露
glamorous a. having or causing the power of attraction 有魅力的
hazard n. （of activity） which contains risk or danger 危險；冒險
identify v. power or show who or what a particular person or thing is 認(rèn)出；識別；驗明
impact n. the force of an idea， invention， system， etc 效果；影響；沖擊
increasingly ad. more and more all the time 日益
induce v. lead （sb.） （into an act） often by persuading 引誘；勸使
involuntary a. acting or done unwillingly 非自愿的
legislate v. make laws 立法
mortality n. the number of deaths from a certain cause 死亡數(shù)
pollute v. make （air， water， soil， etc.） dangerously impure or unfit to use 污染
predicate v. state firmly 斷言；聲明
respiratory v. connected with breathing 呼吸（作用）的
responsible a. morally liable for the carrying out of some duty 有責(zé)任的；盡責(zé)的
restrict v. keep within limits 限制；約束
revenue n. in come， esp. that which the government receives as taxes?。▏业模┒愂?BR> reverse v. change to the opposite 反向；顛倒
statistics n. collected numbers which represent facts or measurements 統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料
subtle a. delicate， hardly noticeable， and esp. pleasant 精巧的；敏感的
tackle v. deal with （a matter） 處理；解決
toll n. the cost in health， life， etc. from illness， an accident 重大的代價，損失；（事故的）傷亡人數(shù)
cardiovascular a. 心血管（性）的
lethal stroke 由于中風(fēng)而引起的死亡
UNIT 14 WATER IN INDUSTRY
GLOSSARY
accessible a. able to be reached 可接近的，能進去的
alter v. change in character， appearance， etc. 改變
bleach v. make or become white 漂白
condense v. （of a gas ） change to liquid 冷凝
dam n. a wall or bank built to keep back water 水壩，水堤
dense a. Crowded together in great numbers 密集的；稠密的
deposit n. layer of matter left 沉淀，淤積
derive v. obtain， get 取得，得到
devise v. think out （plans） 想出（計劃）
dye v. color， usu. by dipping in a liquid 染，把…染上顏色
evaporate v. change into steam and disappear 蒸發(fā)；揮發(fā)
exert v. put forth產(chǎn)生
exploit v. develop fully so as to get profit 開發(fā)，利用
extract v. take out with a machine or instrument or by chemical means 取出；提取
extraction n. the act of extracting 提取
fraction n. small part 小部分；一點兒
hydroelectric a. of electricity produced by water power 水力發(fā)電的
inaccessible a. that cannot be reached 達不到的；難接近的
inexhaustible a. that cannot be used up completely 用不完的；無窮無盡的
initial a. of or at the beginning 最初的，開始的
moisture n. water or other liquids in the form of steam or mist潮氣，濕氣
process n. method，esp. one used in manufacture of industry 工序；制作法
regulate v. fix or control 控制，操縱
source n. place from which sth. comes or is got 來源地；來源
ultimately ad. basically； finally 基本地；最終
utilize v. make use of 利用
vital a. very necessary 必不可少的，極其重要的
calcium n. 鈣
carbonate n. 碳酸鹽
dissolved a. 溶于液體中的
gravity n. 萬有引力
ingot n. （金屬）鑄塊，錠
UNIT 15 SAMPLING THE MARKET
GLOSSARY
absolutely ad. completely 絕對地；完全地
allocation n. the giving of shares 分配；配給
appreciably ad. noticeably； enough to be fact， or considered important 可估計地；足以感到地
at random aimlessly without any plan 無目的；無計劃
categorization n. putting in a class or category 分類
category n. kind； class； type 種類；類目
certainty n. freedom of doubt 無疑問；確實
deviation n. the difference （between a measure and the average of all the measures 偏差
diagonal a. slanting 斜的
estimate v. calculate； form an opinion as to the degree of sth. 估計；評價
extrapolate v. guess from known facts 推知；推斷
fluke n. a lucky accident 僥幸
freak n. a living creature of unnatural form； a person with father strange habits or ideas 畸形的人
lopsided a. having one side heavier or lower than the other； not balanced 傾斜的；不平衡的
observations n. saying or writings about things noticed 觀察材料（或報告）
potential a. existing in possibility 潛在的；有可能性的
probability n. likelihood； the chance of an event happening 可能性
provided conj. on condition that； if us …為條件；假如
questionnaire a piece of paper showing a set of questions to be answered 問題表；調(diào)查表
representative a. typical 代表性的；典型的
rogue n. a very dishonest person， esp. a man 流氓；無賴
sampling n. calculating by taking and examining a small part representing the whole 取樣檢驗
skew a. not straight； sloping or twisted 斜的；歪的；偏的
stroke n. a line made by a single movement of a pen or brush in writing 一筆；一劃
subdivision smaller group or class produced by further dividing 由再分分出的部份；細(xì)分
sympathetic a. having or slowing the ability to share the feelings of others 同情的；有同情心的
tally n. mark to register a fixed number of objects or units 計數(shù)的簽；籌碼；記錄
throw up v. produce 產(chǎn)生
tolerance n. margin of error； the amount by which the measure of a value can vary from the amount intended 容限；容許量
tolerate vt. allow； permit 容忍；默許
cross-section 橫斷面；截面
formular n. 公式
histogram n. 直方圖；矩形圖
gradient n. 斜度；變化率
margin n. 差數(shù)；幅度；余地；界限
polling n. 民意測驗
proportional a. 成正比例的；相稱的
statistician n. 統(tǒng)計員；統(tǒng)計學(xué)家
statistics n. 統(tǒng)計；統(tǒng)計學(xué)；統(tǒng)計資料
UNIT 16 GETTING THE MOST FROM THE MICRO BOOM
GLOSSARY
affordable a. able to be bought 買得起
anguish n. severe suffering 極度的痛苦
apparent a. easily seen or understood； plain 顯而易見的
available a. that can be obtained 能得到的
axiom n. statement accepted as true without proof or argument 公理；格言
boom n. rapid growth or increase 激增，暴漲
commodity n. a thing of use sold for profit 商品
consequently ad. as a result 結(jié)果
corrupt a. immoral； depraved； dishonest 不道德的；腐敗的；不誠實的
delay v. & n. put off until later； stop for a time or cause to be late； the act of delaying or the state of being delayed 推遲，耽擱，延誤
denote v. indicate 表示，指示
detail v. describe fully 詳述
diverse a. of different kinds 多種多樣的
entrepreneur n. a person who organises and manages a commercial undertaking 企業(yè)家
forethought n. wise planning for future needs 深謀遠慮
illustrate vt. explain by examples （用例子）闡明
inextricably a. inseparably 無法擺脫的
main n. principal pipe bringing water or gas （水或煤氣等的）總管道
marked a. clear； readily seen 清楚的，顯而易見的
portion n. part 部分
precise a. exact in form， detail， time， measurements， etc. 精確的
primarily ad. mainly； chiefly 主要的，首要的
programming n. supplying a computer with a plan of the operations to be performed 程序輸入
rage v. be very violent 大怒
sizable a. rather large （=sizeable） 相當(dāng)大的
specimen n. one as an example of a class 抽樣，標(biāo)本
startlingly ad. surprisingly； shockingly 驚人地
tangible a. that can be felt by touch 可觸知的
vague a. not clear in meaning 含糊的
variation n. difference or alternation 變化，變更
wary a. careful 小心翼翼的
wreak havoc cause widespread damage 浩劫；造成嚴(yán)重破壞
adaptor n. 接合器；接頭
desktop a. 臺式的
ledger n. 分類帳