中考英語(yǔ)聽力的題型以及解題的方法很多，有應(yīng)答理解、句子理解法、5-W及1-H聽力應(yīng)試法以及整體吸收法等。要想拿到高分，必須弄懂各種題型的解題方法和解題技巧。現(xiàn)筆者分別敘述如下：
    一、應(yīng)答理解
    應(yīng)答句理解是指測(cè)試時(shí)提供具體的聽力材料，一般多為疑問句，要求對(duì)聽力材料做出應(yīng)答。應(yīng)答句一般分為交際用語(yǔ)應(yīng)答和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則應(yīng)答兩種。例如：
    選出你所聽到句子的佳答語(yǔ)。
    A. All right. B. That’s all right.
    C. Right. D. That’s right.
    錄音原稿：
    Thanks for helping me.
    精析：對(duì)別人的幫助表示感謝，其答語(yǔ)應(yīng)為That’s all right，所以正確答案應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。
    解題技巧：做應(yīng)答句理解題時(shí)應(yīng)結(jié)合英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法，因?yàn)榱?xí)慣表達(dá)法是約定俗成的，所以一定要結(jié)合英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言本身的特征，不可用漢語(yǔ)的思維方式去解題。
    二、句子理解法
    句子理解可以從句子中一些關(guān)鍵而難以理解的詞語(yǔ)入手，先搞清楚它們的含義，再聯(lián)系整個(gè)句子的意思來理解，也可以聯(lián)系上下文，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容來弄懂句子的引申意義和比喻意義。例如：
    單句理解：從每小題A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出與你所聽到的句子意義相同或相近的句子，每個(gè)句子讀一遍。
    1. A. My uncle telephoned me.
    B. My uncle spoke to me.
    C. Someone told me of my uncle.
    D. I got a letter from my uncle.
    2. A. Neither of the Browns can sing very well.
    B. The Browns are both good at singing.
    C. Mr Brown doesn’t sing so well as his wife.
    D. Mr Brown is a better singer than his wife.
    錄音原稿：
    1. I heard from my uncle yesterday.
    2. Mr Brown sings very well but his wife doesn’t.
    精析：句子理解可以從句子的關(guān)鍵詞或難以理解的詞入手。第1題的錄音稿中heard from意為’收到……的來信”，所以第1題所提供的選項(xiàng)D與錄音稿同義。第2題的錄音稿的意思為布朗先生會(huì)唱歌，但她的妻子不會(huì)唱，顯然正確答案應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。
    解題技巧：?jiǎn)尉淅斫馐锹犃疾橹械谋乜碱}，可以通過同義詞、同義詞組的替換得出答案。
    三、5-W及1-H聽力法
    5-W及1-H聽力法是英語(yǔ)中的what（什么），when（什么時(shí)候），where（什么地方），who（什么人），why（為什么）和how（怎么樣）等6個(gè)單詞的縮寫。該方法適用于聽短文理解的題型。利用這種方法做聽力時(shí)，要從以下6個(gè)方面去思考：
    what——什么事件
    when——事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間
    where——事件發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)
    who——事件發(fā)展中的有關(guān)人物
    why——事件發(fā)生的原因
    how——問多少及事件如何發(fā)生等
    聽力測(cè)試時(shí)如果按照以上6個(gè)方面去理解所聽的短文，找到答案就更加容易了。例如：
    短文理解。本題有一篇短文，請(qǐng)先聽短文，再根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所提問題選擇正確答案。
    1. How old is Tom？
    A. Eight. B. Six. C. Nine.
    2. What does Tom always do on Sundays？
    A. He always plays basketball.
    B. He always studies at home.
    C. He always cleans his room.
    3. Did Tom make his hands dirty last Monday？
    A. No， he didn’t. B. Maybe he did. C. Yes， he did.
    4. What does Miss King do？
    A. She’s an English teacher.
    B. She’s a maths teacher.
    C. She’s a PE teacher.
    5. Which of Tom’s hand was dirtier？
    A. His right hand. B. His left hand.
    C. His both hands.
    錄音原稿：
    My little son Tom is eight years old. He likes playing basketball and the other games. On Sundays I can’t see him at home but easily find him in the open air. He always plays basketball with his friends there.
    Last Monday，Tom finished his homework after the first class in the afternoon. He played the ball again. The playground was wet. After some time his ball was dirty and his hands were dirty，too. It was a quarter to four and the last class began. Tom had no time to wash his hands and ran into his classroom. Miss King， his English teacher，told Tom to write some new words. Tom stood in front of the blackboard and started to write. Miss King saw his right hand was dirty.
    “Oh， dear！”said the teacher. “Your right hand is dirty. I’m sure it’s the dirtiest in our class.”
    “You are wrong，Miss King，”said Tom. Then he showed his left hand to her and she found it was dirtier.
    精析：該短文中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)人物，即Tom和Miss King.短文中第一句話My little son Tom is eight years old明確了第1題的答案為A項(xiàng)。第一段后一句話He always plays basketball with his friends there，說明第2題的答案為A項(xiàng)。由錄音材料中的句子After some time his ball was dirty and his hands were dirty， too可知，第3題的答案為C項(xiàng)。由Miss King， his English teacher可知，第4題的答案為A項(xiàng)。由短文中后一句話可得知，第5題的答案為B項(xiàng)。
    解題技巧：在做聽力測(cè)試時(shí)，要注意試題排列順序。一般情況下短文理解的每道小題是以所給材料的順序排列的，了解這一點(diǎn)很有幫助。如果沒有時(shí)間瀏覽選項(xiàng)時(shí)，可采取邊聽錄音邊依次瀏覽選項(xiàng)，同時(shí)進(jìn)行思考和答題，也可以先看、邊聽邊看兩者相結(jié)合。另外，根據(jù)這一順序排列的原則，也可根據(jù)答案的邏輯性，判斷你的答案是否正確。
    四、整體吸收法
    整體吸收法是整個(gè)對(duì)話或課文的聽后整體理解，它具體包括兩個(gè)方面：一是通過對(duì)完整話語(yǔ)的反復(fù)聽和理解而達(dá)到對(duì)所聽的話語(yǔ)的整體吸收；二是通過對(duì)完整課文的反復(fù)聽和理解而達(dá)到對(duì)所聽的完整文段的整體吸收。整體吸收的內(nèi)容包括整體語(yǔ)調(diào)、整體思想感情和整體情節(jié)等。其前提是受到所聽內(nèi)容的整體感染，使自己進(jìn)入角色，從而提高英語(yǔ)聽力水平。例如：
    本題有一篇對(duì)話。請(qǐng)先聽對(duì)話，再根據(jù)對(duì)內(nèi)內(nèi)容和所提問題選擇正確答案。
    1. Are Ann and Kate talking on the telephone？
    A. No， they aren’t. B. I’m not sure.
    C. Yes， they are.
    2. When will Ann go to Kate’s home？
    A. This evening. B. Tomorrow evening.
    C. Tomorrow morning.
    3. How will Ann go to Kate’s home？
    A. On foot. B. By air. C. By boat.
    4. Where is Ann’s building？
    A. Near the post office.
    B. Next to the post office.
    C. In front of the post office.
    5. Which floor does Ann live on？
    A. The second floor. B. The fifth floor.
    C. The third floor.
    錄音原稿：
    A： Hello，6129985.
    B： Hello，could I speak to Ann，please？
    A： Speaking，please.
    B： This is Kate. Would you like to come to my home tomorrow evening？
    A： I’d love to. When shall I get to your home？
    B： Before six o’clock.
    A： But how can I get there？ By bus or on foot？
    B： On foot. First you get to our school， then walk along the road and take the third turning on the right. It’s about 300 meters away from the gate. Our building is next to the post office. I live on the third floor.
    A： OK. Thanks a lot. Bye.
    B： Goodbye.
    精講精析：該題為對(duì)話理解。在聽對(duì)話的過程中要弄清對(duì)話雙方所交談的話題及具體內(nèi)容，以及涉及的人或物。從錄音稿中發(fā)現(xiàn)這篇對(duì)話是在Ann與Kate之間進(jìn)行的。Kate邀請(qǐng)Ann明天晚上到她家里去，并告知她家的路線和她家的位置。在聽對(duì)話的時(shí)候一定要捕捉與選項(xiàng)相關(guān)的信息。第1題答案為C項(xiàng)，因?yàn)殡娫拰?duì)話是在Ann和Kate之間進(jìn)行的。第2題的答案為B項(xiàng)，根據(jù)Would you like to come to my home tomorrow evening？可知。第3題的答案為A項(xiàng)，因?yàn)镵ate叫Ann步行去她家。第4題的答案為B項(xiàng)，根據(jù)Our building is next to the post office可知。第5題的答案為C項(xiàng)，根據(jù)I live on the third floor可知。
    解題技巧：運(yùn)用整體吸收法聽對(duì)話時(shí)要使自己進(jìn)入角色，以便弄清對(duì)方所交談的內(nèi)容與自己作為角色的所談話題之間的聯(lián)系，這樣有利于很快地將整個(gè)對(duì)話的內(nèi)容理解和吸收。