第一講　分清主從　把握結(jié)構(gòu)
    I. 分清主從 把握結(jié)構(gòu)
    分清主從是理清原文結(jié)構(gòu)，擬出譯文整體框架的關(guān)鍵，而辨析詞義是確保譯文準(zhǔn)確的前提。不少考生也能理解譯文的大致意思，卻組織不好譯文，不是拖泥帶水就是丟三拉四，其主要問題在于沒能分清主從，不能從整體上把握原文結(jié)構(gòu)。
    請看這樣一例英語翻譯試題：
    It is hard to believe that automobiles, radios, motion pictures, frozen foods, electric refrigerator, to mention only a few items, have come into common use within thirty years.
    主體結(jié)構(gòu)：It is hard to believe that…（這簡直令人難以置信）
    賓語從句中: automobiles, radios, motion pictures, frozen foods, electric refrigerator have come into common use（汽車、無線電、電影、速凍食品、電冰箱已經(jīng)進(jìn)入普遍使用）
    時間狀語 :within thirty years (在30年之內(nèi))
    插入語: to mention only a few items (僅提及幾件東西)
    翻譯分析處理：此句比較棘手的是形式主語It和插入語: to mention only a few items的翻譯。為了符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，可以考慮將插入語前置，另起一句。經(jīng)過句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析、詞語翻譯和詞序調(diào)整，我們便可將此句譯成通順的漢語了。
    譯文：且舉幾件東西來說吧，汽車、無線電、電影、速凍食品、電冰箱，這些東西在過去的30年中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，這簡直令人難以置信
    翻譯下面句子：
    1．他抬頭看鐘，發(fā)現(xiàn)已是夜里十一點多，不由吃了一驚。
    2 ．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他根本沒聽說過我，覺得有些失望。
    因為最近開學(xué)了，沒那么多時間了，我就沒自己打字了，直接截圖了， 請大家原諒。
    如果大家覺得翻譯比較麻煩，只要找出主句就可以了。
    1. (1) Looking up at the clock, he was surprised to find it was already past eleven p. m-
    (2) He looked up at the clock and saw to his amazement that it was already past eleven p. m.
    2. (1) I was a bit disappointed when I found out he had never heard of me.
    (2) Somewhat to my disappointment I saw that my name did not mean anything to him.
    3. 但真正最令比爾激動的時刻是火災(zāi)發(fā)生六個月之后，剛剛出院的羅伊斯走進(jìn)尤里卡飯店，請他喝啤酒。