下面我就分別以新TOFEL的綜合部分和GRE/GMAT作文的“阿狗”部分為例分別給大家分享一下我個(gè)人對(duì)于滿分的一些理解。
TOEFL iBT
其實(shí)新托福加了綜合部分以后，我個(gè)人認(rèn)為是降低了難度。因?yàn)樵瓉砝贤懈５淖魑淖鳛樾峦懈Ｗ魑牡莫?dú)立部分并沒有什么太大的改變，而且大家都知道作文水平的提高不是一朝一夕的事情，那么我剛才說的不能盲目就是指大家不能在這個(gè)需要體現(xiàn)真正寫作水平的部分去背段落，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)是會(huì)被認(rèn)為是舞弊行為的。那么在綜合、獨(dú)立各占15分的時(shí)候，我們?nèi)绻馨盐兆∪魏我粋€(gè)部分的高分實(shí)際上平均下來的分?jǐn)?shù)就不會(huì)低。而綜合部分由于是先讀一篇文章，再聽一段錄音，然后讓我們談文章與錄音的相互關(guān)系，而不用發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)這一題目本身的客觀要求就決定了它是可以背由固定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語句組成的“魔板”的。這正如 研究生入學(xué)考試英語寫作的小作文和雅思寫作的小作文一樣是有固定套路的。比如錄音講座要么就是質(zhì)疑或者反駁了閱讀段落；要么就是支持或者加強(qiáng)了閱讀段落，所以只需要把相關(guān)描述質(zhì)疑或者反駁與描述支持或者加強(qiáng)的固定語句背下來就可以得到一個(gè)相對(duì)較高的分?jǐn)?shù)，如果考生同時(shí)又把相關(guān)要點(diǎn)表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確和清楚了的話，那么滿分是完全可能的。當(dāng)綜合部分有15分在手的時(shí)候，獨(dú)立部分只要及格那么就能至少獲得24分的作文高分！
比如以下兩個(gè)“魔板“是分別描述質(zhì)疑或者反駁以及支持或者加強(qiáng)的：
Integrated Writing Task
How the Integrated Writing Task is phrased:
If the lecture challenges the information in the reading passage, the writing task will usually be phrased in one of the following ways:
ØSummarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.
ØSummarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge specific claims/arguments made in the reading passage.
ØSummarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they answer the problems raised in the reading passage.
Showing Challenge
In the lecture, the professor made several points about______________. The professor argues that__________________.
However, the reading contends that________________.
The professor’s lecture casts doubts on the reading by using a number of points that are contrary to___________________________.
The first point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that_________________.
According to the professor,________________________________.
_______________ differs from the reading in that the reading states _______________________________.
The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading because_______________________.
Another point that the professor uses to casts doubt on the reading is ___________________________________.
The professor claims that______________________________________.
However, the reading states _____________________________________.
This point is contradicted by_____________________________________.
Finally, the professor stated that, on the contrary of the reading, _____________________________________.
In other words,______________________________________.
This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, because___________________________.
In conclusion, the points made in the lecture contradict the reading.
_________________and_______________ demonstrate that ___________is in doubt.
If the lecture supports or strengthens the information in the reading passage, the writing task will usually be phrased in one of the following ways:
ØSummarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they support the explanations in the reading passage.
ØSummarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they strengthen specific points made in the reading passage.
Showing support
In the lecture, the professor made several points about_______________.
The professor argues that______________________________.
The points made by the professor agree with________________.
In fact, the examples used by the professor support_________________.
The first point that the professor uses to support the reading is that_______________________.
According to the professor,_____________________________.
_______________________supports the reading, which holds that_______________________.
The point made by the professor supports the reading because_____________________.
Furthermore, the professor bolsters the reading by stating that_______________.
The professor claims that_________________________________.
This point agrees with the reading, which contends that______________.
__________________ shows the truth of the reading because___________.
Finally, the professor stated that, in support of the reading, ______________________________.
Specifically,__________________________________________.
This perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicates, because___________________________.
In conclusion, the points made in the lecture support the reading.
________________ and ________________________demonstrate that ________________________is invalid.
接下來，我將以如下例子來告訴大家如果提煉“魔板”：
Getting the Templates
The first point the professor makes that casts doubt on the reading is his point about the behavior of stags. The professor shows how the actions of animal can be interpreted in different ways. For example, some people interpret the stag’s actions as being for the “good of the species,” but the professor shows that the stag is actually acting in self-interest. This casts doubt on the reading because it appears that the crickets’ behavior can be interpreted as helping only individual crickets and not the group as a whole. The professor then talks about the results of the experiment, which seems to indicate the crickets are acting only in self-interest.
Another point the professor makes that casts doubt on the reading is his point about the intelligence of animals and insects. As he states, it would seem to require a lot of intelligence to evaluate how a behavior will affect an entire species. This makes the explanation in the reading seem less likely; a cricket is probably unable to think of the consequences of its actions. It is more likely that the cricket is only acting out of self-preservation, as the professor indicates.
The first point the professor makes that casts doubt on the reading is his point about__________________________________.
The professor shows that_____________________________________.
For example, ______________________________, but the professor shows that_______________________________________.
This casts doubt on the reading because it appears that_________________________________.
The professor then talks about_________________________, which seems to indicate that___________________________.
Another point the professor makes that casts doubt on the reading is his point about__________________________________.
As he states, it would seem to___________________________.
This makes the explanation in the reading seem less likely;_____________________________________.
It is more likely that________________________, ad the professor indicates.
實(shí)際上，大家從上面這個(gè)例子就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)“魔板”的提取過程就是這樣的：
·先認(rèn)真讀完一篇滿分范文
·再用筆劃掉其中涉及題目具體內(nèi)容的部分
·最后把余下來的部分抄寫下來即可
但“魔板”做出來后只是做了一小半工作，大家還必須學(xué)會(huì)如何往里面填空，實(shí)際上最簡單的方法就是看著題目把具體內(nèi)容自己填進(jìn)去，然后跟范文對(duì)比，找出填空的精華技巧所在，因?yàn)樵诤蟀氩糠值腉RE/GMAT中我還會(huì)詳細(xì)講解，所以這里只是先告訴大家這樣一個(gè)簡單方法。
大家如果想在今后新托福的考試中作文部分有所突破，那么就應(yīng)該按照我這個(gè)提煉“魔板”的方法，去至少提煉20篇左右的滿分范文，再加以有機(jī)排列組合成自己獨(dú)特的考試“魔板”，最后進(jìn)行集中填空，那么新托福作文25分將不再是
由以上5篇文章我們可以提煉出以下“魔板”：
1. In this argument, the arguer concludes that .To support the conclusion, the arguer points out that .In addition, the arguer reasons that .This argument suffers from several critical fallacies.
First, the argument is based on a false analogy.
Second, the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization.
In conclusion, the arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between and . To strengthen the argument, the arguer would have to provide evidence that . To better evaluate the argument, we would need more information about .
2. In this argument, the arguer recommends that . To justify this claim, the arguer provides the evidence that .In addition, he cites the result of recent study that . A careful examination of this argument would reveal how groundless the conclusion is.
In the first place, the arguer fails to take into account the geographical factors in the analysis.
In the second place, the comparison in this argument is incomplete and selective.
To sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support what the arguer maintains. To strengthen the argument, the arguer have to provide more evidence concerning . To better evaluate the argument, we would need more information regarding .
3. In this analysis, the arguer claims that . To substantiate the conclusion, the arguer cites . In addition the arguer assumes that . This argument is unconvincing for several critical flaws.
First of all, the argument is base on a hasty generalization.
In addition, the arguer fails to consider several other relevant factors that may influence .
Finally, the arguer hints that , but he fails to analyze the causes.
As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned. To make it logically acceptable, the arguer would have to demonstrate that . Additionally, the arguer must provide evidence .
4. In this argument, the arguer advocates that . This recommendation is based on the observation that . Meanwhile, the arguer assumes . This argument is problematic for two reasons.
The major problem with this argument is that the arguer fails to convince us that .
Another point worth considering is the arguer’s hasty generalization.
To conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. Before we accept the conclusion, the arguer must present more facts that . To solidify the argument, the arguer would have to produce more evidence concerning .
5. The conclusion in this argument is that . In support of this prediction, the arguer claims that . Moreover, the arguer assumes that . This argument is fraught with vague, oversimplified and unwarranted assumptions.
One major assumption in short of legitimacy is the causal relationship claimed between and .
In addition, the conclusion is based on a gratuitous assumption that .
In summary, the conclusion reached in this argument is invalid and misleading. To make the argument more convincing, the arguer would have to prove that . Moreover, I would suspend my judgment about the credibility of the recommendation until the arguer can provide concrete evidence
TOEFL iBT
其實(shí)新托福加了綜合部分以后，我個(gè)人認(rèn)為是降低了難度。因?yàn)樵瓉砝贤懈５淖魑淖鳛樾峦懈Ｗ魑牡莫?dú)立部分并沒有什么太大的改變，而且大家都知道作文水平的提高不是一朝一夕的事情，那么我剛才說的不能盲目就是指大家不能在這個(gè)需要體現(xiàn)真正寫作水平的部分去背段落，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)是會(huì)被認(rèn)為是舞弊行為的。那么在綜合、獨(dú)立各占15分的時(shí)候，我們?nèi)绻馨盐兆∪魏我粋€(gè)部分的高分實(shí)際上平均下來的分?jǐn)?shù)就不會(huì)低。而綜合部分由于是先讀一篇文章，再聽一段錄音，然后讓我們談文章與錄音的相互關(guān)系，而不用發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)這一題目本身的客觀要求就決定了它是可以背由固定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語句組成的“魔板”的。這正如 研究生入學(xué)考試英語寫作的小作文和雅思寫作的小作文一樣是有固定套路的。比如錄音講座要么就是質(zhì)疑或者反駁了閱讀段落；要么就是支持或者加強(qiáng)了閱讀段落，所以只需要把相關(guān)描述質(zhì)疑或者反駁與描述支持或者加強(qiáng)的固定語句背下來就可以得到一個(gè)相對(duì)較高的分?jǐn)?shù)，如果考生同時(shí)又把相關(guān)要點(diǎn)表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確和清楚了的話，那么滿分是完全可能的。當(dāng)綜合部分有15分在手的時(shí)候，獨(dú)立部分只要及格那么就能至少獲得24分的作文高分！
比如以下兩個(gè)“魔板“是分別描述質(zhì)疑或者反駁以及支持或者加強(qiáng)的：
Integrated Writing Task
How the Integrated Writing Task is phrased:
If the lecture challenges the information in the reading passage, the writing task will usually be phrased in one of the following ways:
ØSummarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.
ØSummarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge specific claims/arguments made in the reading passage.
ØSummarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they answer the problems raised in the reading passage.
Showing Challenge
In the lecture, the professor made several points about______________. The professor argues that__________________.
However, the reading contends that________________.
The professor’s lecture casts doubts on the reading by using a number of points that are contrary to___________________________.
The first point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that_________________.
According to the professor,________________________________.
_______________ differs from the reading in that the reading states _______________________________.
The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading because_______________________.
Another point that the professor uses to casts doubt on the reading is ___________________________________.
The professor claims that______________________________________.
However, the reading states _____________________________________.
This point is contradicted by_____________________________________.
Finally, the professor stated that, on the contrary of the reading, _____________________________________.
In other words,______________________________________.
This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, because___________________________.
In conclusion, the points made in the lecture contradict the reading.
_________________and_______________ demonstrate that ___________is in doubt.
If the lecture supports or strengthens the information in the reading passage, the writing task will usually be phrased in one of the following ways:
ØSummarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they support the explanations in the reading passage.
ØSummarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they strengthen specific points made in the reading passage.
Showing support
In the lecture, the professor made several points about_______________.
The professor argues that______________________________.
The points made by the professor agree with________________.
In fact, the examples used by the professor support_________________.
The first point that the professor uses to support the reading is that_______________________.
According to the professor,_____________________________.
_______________________supports the reading, which holds that_______________________.
The point made by the professor supports the reading because_____________________.
Furthermore, the professor bolsters the reading by stating that_______________.
The professor claims that_________________________________.
This point agrees with the reading, which contends that______________.
__________________ shows the truth of the reading because___________.
Finally, the professor stated that, in support of the reading, ______________________________.
Specifically,__________________________________________.
This perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicates, because___________________________.
In conclusion, the points made in the lecture support the reading.
________________ and ________________________demonstrate that ________________________is invalid.
接下來，我將以如下例子來告訴大家如果提煉“魔板”：
Getting the Templates
The first point the professor makes that casts doubt on the reading is his point about the behavior of stags. The professor shows how the actions of animal can be interpreted in different ways. For example, some people interpret the stag’s actions as being for the “good of the species,” but the professor shows that the stag is actually acting in self-interest. This casts doubt on the reading because it appears that the crickets’ behavior can be interpreted as helping only individual crickets and not the group as a whole. The professor then talks about the results of the experiment, which seems to indicate the crickets are acting only in self-interest.
Another point the professor makes that casts doubt on the reading is his point about the intelligence of animals and insects. As he states, it would seem to require a lot of intelligence to evaluate how a behavior will affect an entire species. This makes the explanation in the reading seem less likely; a cricket is probably unable to think of the consequences of its actions. It is more likely that the cricket is only acting out of self-preservation, as the professor indicates.
The first point the professor makes that casts doubt on the reading is his point about__________________________________.
The professor shows that_____________________________________.
For example, ______________________________, but the professor shows that_______________________________________.
This casts doubt on the reading because it appears that_________________________________.
The professor then talks about_________________________, which seems to indicate that___________________________.
Another point the professor makes that casts doubt on the reading is his point about__________________________________.
As he states, it would seem to___________________________.
This makes the explanation in the reading seem less likely;_____________________________________.
It is more likely that________________________, ad the professor indicates.
實(shí)際上，大家從上面這個(gè)例子就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)“魔板”的提取過程就是這樣的：
·先認(rèn)真讀完一篇滿分范文
·再用筆劃掉其中涉及題目具體內(nèi)容的部分
·最后把余下來的部分抄寫下來即可
但“魔板”做出來后只是做了一小半工作，大家還必須學(xué)會(huì)如何往里面填空，實(shí)際上最簡單的方法就是看著題目把具體內(nèi)容自己填進(jìn)去，然后跟范文對(duì)比，找出填空的精華技巧所在，因?yàn)樵诤蟀氩糠值腉RE/GMAT中我還會(huì)詳細(xì)講解，所以這里只是先告訴大家這樣一個(gè)簡單方法。
大家如果想在今后新托福的考試中作文部分有所突破，那么就應(yīng)該按照我這個(gè)提煉“魔板”的方法，去至少提煉20篇左右的滿分范文，再加以有機(jī)排列組合成自己獨(dú)特的考試“魔板”，最后進(jìn)行集中填空，那么新托福作文25分將不再是
由以上5篇文章我們可以提煉出以下“魔板”：
1. In this argument, the arguer concludes that .To support the conclusion, the arguer points out that .In addition, the arguer reasons that .This argument suffers from several critical fallacies.
First, the argument is based on a false analogy.
Second, the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization.
In conclusion, the arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between and . To strengthen the argument, the arguer would have to provide evidence that . To better evaluate the argument, we would need more information about .
2. In this argument, the arguer recommends that . To justify this claim, the arguer provides the evidence that .In addition, he cites the result of recent study that . A careful examination of this argument would reveal how groundless the conclusion is.
In the first place, the arguer fails to take into account the geographical factors in the analysis.
In the second place, the comparison in this argument is incomplete and selective.
To sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support what the arguer maintains. To strengthen the argument, the arguer have to provide more evidence concerning . To better evaluate the argument, we would need more information regarding .
3. In this analysis, the arguer claims that . To substantiate the conclusion, the arguer cites . In addition the arguer assumes that . This argument is unconvincing for several critical flaws.
First of all, the argument is base on a hasty generalization.
In addition, the arguer fails to consider several other relevant factors that may influence .
Finally, the arguer hints that , but he fails to analyze the causes.
As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned. To make it logically acceptable, the arguer would have to demonstrate that . Additionally, the arguer must provide evidence .
4. In this argument, the arguer advocates that . This recommendation is based on the observation that . Meanwhile, the arguer assumes . This argument is problematic for two reasons.
The major problem with this argument is that the arguer fails to convince us that .
Another point worth considering is the arguer’s hasty generalization.
To conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. Before we accept the conclusion, the arguer must present more facts that . To solidify the argument, the arguer would have to produce more evidence concerning .
5. The conclusion in this argument is that . In support of this prediction, the arguer claims that . Moreover, the arguer assumes that . This argument is fraught with vague, oversimplified and unwarranted assumptions.
One major assumption in short of legitimacy is the causal relationship claimed between and .
In addition, the conclusion is based on a gratuitous assumption that .
In summary, the conclusion reached in this argument is invalid and misleading. To make the argument more convincing, the arguer would have to prove that . Moreover, I would suspend my judgment about the credibility of the recommendation until the arguer can provide concrete evidence