四級閱讀理解難,難在長難句。如何*長難句,是做好四級閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。*長難句通常采用方法是找準(zhǔn)主謂賓去除定狀補(bǔ),筆者認(rèn)為,抓住長難句特點進(jìn)行庖丁解牛是*四級閱讀理解長難句的又一制勝法寶。
四級閱讀理解長難句有以下六大特點:
1、 主語拉長來源:考試大的美女編輯們
一般來講,漢語主語比較簡短。相比之下,英語中主語一旦拉長,就會增加讀者的理解難度。
解決方法:有效分解主謂成分,斷開之后各個擊破。例如:
The streams, lakes, meadows(草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for balck bears have also attracted more people to the region. (2005.6)
首先,把原句子分解為兩個簡單獨(dú)立的句子:
(1)The streams, lakes, meadows(草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for balck bears溪流、湖泊、草地、山脈、森林,使得Pocono成為黑熊理想的棲息地
(2)have also attracted more people to the region. 吸引了越來越多的人們來到這里。
其次,句子整合翻譯:
溪流、湖泊、草地、山脈、森林,這些不僅使得Pocono成為黑熊理想的棲息地,而且吸引了越來越多的人們來到這里。
2、 分詞短語打頭,句子呈現(xiàn)三段(或三段以上)的長句式
分詞短語(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)做狀語,這一句式比較常見,讀者閱讀時由于要區(qū)分短語和主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系,所以理解上有難度。并且分詞短語本身往往由于摻入了插入語成分,理解上就更為困難。
解決方法:理清主動和被動關(guān)系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間是主動關(guān)系;而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關(guān)系。
例如:
Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvanis, the Conservancy’s Bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth environmental protection. (2005.6)
翻譯:在賓西法尼亞州的朗龐德村莊有一棟上百年歷史的校舍,大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會的成員巴德-庫克就在這里辦公,他與當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窈蜕虡I(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)合作,以努力平衡好經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的關(guān)系。
☆注意:介詞短語位于句首類似分詞短語形式。例如:
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. (2005.1)
翻譯:有一段時間,美國的兒童學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)不盡如人意,許多人于是轉(zhuǎn)向日本,想從中尋求可能的解決辦法,因為日本不僅經(jīng)濟(jì)實力強(qiáng),而且學(xué)術(shù)成就也很高。
☆特別注意不定式to位于句首表目的,一定是考試重點。例如:
原文:To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. (2005.1)
翻譯:為了使孩子能在一年級和以后有良好的表現(xiàn),日本的學(xué)校并不教授閱讀、寫作、和算數(shù),而是教孩子們諸如毅力、注意力和群體合作能力等技巧。
考題:In Japan’s preschool education, the focus is on
A. preparing children academically B. developing children’s artistic interests
C. tapping children’s potential D. shaping children’s character
3、多重復(fù)合句疊加采集者退散
所謂多重復(fù)合句疊加,就是說一個長句子當(dāng)中可能包含了好幾種句式(并列的定語從句、狀語從句、介詞短語等等)。
解決方法:分清主從句,理清句子邏輯關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。通常采用圖表法。例如:
(1)Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. (2006.1)
結(jié)構(gòu)圖:
★①——☆①
○——○——
★②——☆②
說明:
○——○=then there is the general, all covering apology
★①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
★②= and which the person should promise never to do again
☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting
☆②= Who is apologizing
顯然,原句子是由有there be引導(dǎo)做主句,后面跟了兩個which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句,兩者是并列的。比較特殊的是which定語從句中有各自有一個定語從句,像是一個連環(huán)套。
分解為以下幾個句子:
1.Then there is the general, all covering apology
2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting
4.And which the person
5.Who is apologizing
6.Should promise never to do again
翻譯:
1.然后就有了一種一般意義的、無所不包的道歉
2.這種道歉避免了一種指明特別行為的必要性
3.特別是讓人傷心或者令人委屈的行為
4.這種道歉使得人們
5.道歉的人們本文來源:考試大網(wǎng)
6.承諾以后不再犯類似的行為
句子整合翻譯:然后還有一種泛泛的無所不包的道歉,這種道歉避免了一種指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈的、道歉者應(yīng)該保證以后不會再犯的具體行為。
四級閱讀理解長難句有以下六大特點:
1、 主語拉長來源:考試大的美女編輯們
一般來講,漢語主語比較簡短。相比之下,英語中主語一旦拉長,就會增加讀者的理解難度。
解決方法:有效分解主謂成分,斷開之后各個擊破。例如:
The streams, lakes, meadows(草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for balck bears have also attracted more people to the region. (2005.6)
首先,把原句子分解為兩個簡單獨(dú)立的句子:
(1)The streams, lakes, meadows(草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for balck bears溪流、湖泊、草地、山脈、森林,使得Pocono成為黑熊理想的棲息地
(2)have also attracted more people to the region. 吸引了越來越多的人們來到這里。
其次,句子整合翻譯:
溪流、湖泊、草地、山脈、森林,這些不僅使得Pocono成為黑熊理想的棲息地,而且吸引了越來越多的人們來到這里。
2、 分詞短語打頭,句子呈現(xiàn)三段(或三段以上)的長句式
分詞短語(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)做狀語,這一句式比較常見,讀者閱讀時由于要區(qū)分短語和主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系,所以理解上有難度。并且分詞短語本身往往由于摻入了插入語成分,理解上就更為困難。
解決方法:理清主動和被動關(guān)系。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間是主動關(guān)系;而過去分詞與主語之間是被動關(guān)系。
例如:
Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvanis, the Conservancy’s Bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth environmental protection. (2005.6)
翻譯:在賓西法尼亞州的朗龐德村莊有一棟上百年歷史的校舍,大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會的成員巴德-庫克就在這里辦公,他與當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窈蜕虡I(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)合作,以努力平衡好經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的關(guān)系。
☆注意:介詞短語位于句首類似分詞短語形式。例如:
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. (2005.1)
翻譯:有一段時間,美國的兒童學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)不盡如人意,許多人于是轉(zhuǎn)向日本,想從中尋求可能的解決辦法,因為日本不僅經(jīng)濟(jì)實力強(qiáng),而且學(xué)術(shù)成就也很高。
☆特別注意不定式to位于句首表目的,一定是考試重點。例如:
原文:To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. (2005.1)
翻譯:為了使孩子能在一年級和以后有良好的表現(xiàn),日本的學(xué)校并不教授閱讀、寫作、和算數(shù),而是教孩子們諸如毅力、注意力和群體合作能力等技巧。
考題:In Japan’s preschool education, the focus is on
A. preparing children academically B. developing children’s artistic interests
C. tapping children’s potential D. shaping children’s character
3、多重復(fù)合句疊加采集者退散
所謂多重復(fù)合句疊加,就是說一個長句子當(dāng)中可能包含了好幾種句式(并列的定語從句、狀語從句、介詞短語等等)。
解決方法:分清主從句,理清句子邏輯關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。通常采用圖表法。例如:
(1)Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. (2006.1)
結(jié)構(gòu)圖:
★①——☆①
○——○——
★②——☆②
說明:
○——○=then there is the general, all covering apology
★①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
★②= and which the person should promise never to do again
☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting
☆②= Who is apologizing
顯然,原句子是由有there be引導(dǎo)做主句,后面跟了兩個which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句,兩者是并列的。比較特殊的是which定語從句中有各自有一個定語從句,像是一個連環(huán)套。
分解為以下幾個句子:
1.Then there is the general, all covering apology
2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting
4.And which the person
5.Who is apologizing
6.Should promise never to do again
翻譯:
1.然后就有了一種一般意義的、無所不包的道歉
2.這種道歉避免了一種指明特別行為的必要性
3.特別是讓人傷心或者令人委屈的行為
4.這種道歉使得人們
5.道歉的人們本文來源:考試大網(wǎng)
6.承諾以后不再犯類似的行為
句子整合翻譯:然后還有一種泛泛的無所不包的道歉,這種道歉避免了一種指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈的、道歉者應(yīng)該保證以后不會再犯的具體行為。