4. 形容詞和副詞
4.1 形容詞及其用法
形容詞修飾名詞,說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常, 可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
1) 直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:hot 熱的。
2) 敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ),所以又稱為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(錯(cuò)) He is an ill man.
(對(duì)) The man is ill.
(錯(cuò)) She is an afraid girl.
(對(duì)) The girl is afraid.
這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:
something nice
4.2 以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively, ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò)) She sang lovely.
(錯(cuò)) He spoke to me very friendly.
(對(duì)) Her singing was lovely.
(對(duì)) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
4.3 用形容詞表示類別和整體
1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry
The poor are losing hope.
2) 有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。
the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
4.4 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序
多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?BR> 限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --出處--材料性質(zhì),類別--名詞
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
典型例題:
1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A. little two other
B. two little other
C. two other little
D. little other two
答案:C。由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --性質(zhì)--名詞"的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。
2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone
B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese
D. Chinese stone old
答案A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。
3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny
B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few
D. few sunny last
答案:B。本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問(wèn)題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時(shí),可參照下表:
限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+
those + three + beautiful + large + square
新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞
old + brown + wood + table
4.5 副詞及其基本用法
副詞主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。
一、副詞的位置:
1) 在動(dòng)詞之前。
2) 在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。
3) 多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞時(shí),副詞一般放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。
注意:
a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾,但賓語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng),副詞可以提前,以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副詞well,badly糟、壞,hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.
二、副詞的排列順序:
1) 時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。
2) 方式副詞,短的在前,長(zhǎng)的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。
Please write slowly and carefully.
3) 多個(gè)不同副詞排列:程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞。
注意:副詞very 可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。
改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò)) I very like English.
(對(duì)) I like English very much.
注意:副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat
4.6 兼有兩種形式的副詞
1) close與closely
close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔細(xì)地"
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2) late 與lately
late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"
4.1 形容詞及其用法
形容詞修飾名詞,說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常, 可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
1) 直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:hot 熱的。
2) 敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ),所以又稱為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(錯(cuò)) He is an ill man.
(對(duì)) The man is ill.
(錯(cuò)) She is an afraid girl.
(對(duì)) The girl is afraid.
這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:
something nice
4.2 以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively, ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò)) She sang lovely.
(錯(cuò)) He spoke to me very friendly.
(對(duì)) Her singing was lovely.
(對(duì)) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
4.3 用形容詞表示類別和整體
1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry
The poor are losing hope.
2) 有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。
the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
4.4 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序
多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?BR> 限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --出處--材料性質(zhì),類別--名詞
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
典型例題:
1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A. little two other
B. two little other
C. two other little
D. little other two
答案:C。由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --性質(zhì)--名詞"的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。
2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone
B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese
D. Chinese stone old
答案A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。
3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny
B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few
D. few sunny last
答案:B。本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問(wèn)題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時(shí),可參照下表:
限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+
those + three + beautiful + large + square
新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞
old + brown + wood + table
4.5 副詞及其基本用法
副詞主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。
一、副詞的位置:
1) 在動(dòng)詞之前。
2) 在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。
3) 多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞時(shí),副詞一般放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。
注意:
a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾,但賓語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng),副詞可以提前,以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副詞well,badly糟、壞,hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.
二、副詞的排列順序:
1) 時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。
2) 方式副詞,短的在前,長(zhǎng)的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。
Please write slowly and carefully.
3) 多個(gè)不同副詞排列:程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞。
注意:副詞very 可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。
改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò)) I very like English.
(對(duì)) I like English very much.
注意:副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat
4.6 兼有兩種形式的副詞
1) close與closely
close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔細(xì)地"
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2) late 與lately
late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"