經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織(OECD)昨日警告稱，如果印度想在2011年前實(shí)現(xiàn)該國(guó)政府設(shè)定的兩位數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)，就必須進(jìn)一步深化改革。
India must push through further reforms if it is to achieve the government’s objective of double-digit economic growth by 2011, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development warned yesterday.
總部位于巴黎的這個(gè)智庫(kù)機(jī)構(gòu)在其首份印度經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)查中表示，印度逐步轉(zhuǎn)向更為市場(chǎng)化的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，為該國(guó)帶來了不可否認(rèn)的好處。
In its first economic survey of India, the Paris-based think-tank said the country’s gradual shift away towards a more market-based economy had yielded undeniable benefits.
目前，印度的人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值正以每年7.5%的速度增長(zhǎng)，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于1950-1980年間的1.25%。經(jīng)合組織表示，以購(gòu)買力平價(jià)(PPP)計(jì)算，更快的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速已經(jīng)使得印度在2006年以微弱優(yōu)勢(shì)超越日本，成為全球第三大經(jīng)濟(jì)，僅次于美國(guó)和中國(guó)。
India’s economic growth per capita was now rising by 7.5 per cent annually versus the 1.25 per cent seen between 1950 and 1980. The faster growth, the OECD said, had resulted in India becoming the third-largest economy in the world in 2006 in purchasing power parity terms behind only the US and China and slightly ahead of Japan.
但該組織警告稱，印度未能充分發(fā)掘自己作為一個(gè)勞動(dòng)力豐富經(jīng)濟(jì)體的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，原因是高水平的就業(yè)保護(hù)阻止了企業(yè)為大規(guī)模制造業(yè)雇傭工人。
But it warned India was not fully exploiting its comparative advantage as a labour-abundant economy because of high levels of employment protection that deterred companies from hiring workers for large-scale manufacturers.
在雇員10人以上企業(yè)工作的人數(shù)，僅占印度就業(yè)人口總數(shù)的3.75%，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于任何一個(gè)經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家。印度的工作保護(hù)法規(guī)僅比兩個(gè)經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家寬松，而嚴(yán)于所有其它成員國(guó)以及中國(guó)與巴西。
Employment in companies with more than 10 employees accounts for 3.75 per cent of employment in India, a much smaller proportion than any OECD country. India has stricter job protection laws than China, Brazil and all but two OECD countries.
經(jīng)合組織呼應(yīng)了要求改革《工業(yè)爭(zhēng)端法》(Industrial Disputes Act)的長(zhǎng)期呼聲。該法要求，如果制造工廠雇傭超過100名工人，那么，哪怕企業(yè)只解雇1名工人，也要獲得政府批準(zhǔn)。
It echoed longstanding calls for reform of the Industrial Disputes Act that requires businesses to obtain government permission to lay off even a single worker from manufacturing plants with more than 100 employees.
該組織稱：“有必要降低就業(yè)保護(hù)的嚴(yán)格程度，并且可以相應(yīng)擴(kuò)大遞增型離職補(bǔ)償金的范圍?！备母飼?huì)幫助農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向更具生產(chǎn)力的領(lǐng)域。
“Reduction in the stringency of employment protection is needed and could be balanced by an increase in the extent of accrual-based severance payments,” it said. Reform would help shift rural labour to productive areas.
經(jīng)合組織還敦促印度政府加速開放國(guó)際貿(mào)易，并將保險(xiǎn)業(yè)和零售業(yè)等受到嚴(yán)密保護(hù)的服務(wù)行業(yè)向外商直接投資開放。
It also urged the government to open the economy more rapidly to international trade and to foreign direct investment in tightly protected service sectors, such as insurance and retailing.
小商人經(jīng)常舉行*活動(dòng)，*信實(shí)工業(yè)(Reliance Industries)等大型企業(yè)進(jìn)入印度支離破碎的零售業(yè)。信實(shí)工業(yè)計(jì)劃投資50億-70億美元，建立一個(gè)從農(nóng)場(chǎng)到消費(fèi)者的供應(yīng)鏈。
Small traders have been holding regular protests against the inroads being made into the fragmented retail sector by big business houses such as Reliance Industries, which plans a $5bn-7bn investment in a farm-to-fork supply chain.
India must push through further reforms if it is to achieve the government’s objective of double-digit economic growth by 2011, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development warned yesterday.
總部位于巴黎的這個(gè)智庫(kù)機(jī)構(gòu)在其首份印度經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)查中表示，印度逐步轉(zhuǎn)向更為市場(chǎng)化的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，為該國(guó)帶來了不可否認(rèn)的好處。
In its first economic survey of India, the Paris-based think-tank said the country’s gradual shift away towards a more market-based economy had yielded undeniable benefits.
目前，印度的人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值正以每年7.5%的速度增長(zhǎng)，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于1950-1980年間的1.25%。經(jīng)合組織表示，以購(gòu)買力平價(jià)(PPP)計(jì)算，更快的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速已經(jīng)使得印度在2006年以微弱優(yōu)勢(shì)超越日本，成為全球第三大經(jīng)濟(jì)，僅次于美國(guó)和中國(guó)。
India’s economic growth per capita was now rising by 7.5 per cent annually versus the 1.25 per cent seen between 1950 and 1980. The faster growth, the OECD said, had resulted in India becoming the third-largest economy in the world in 2006 in purchasing power parity terms behind only the US and China and slightly ahead of Japan.
但該組織警告稱，印度未能充分發(fā)掘自己作為一個(gè)勞動(dòng)力豐富經(jīng)濟(jì)體的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，原因是高水平的就業(yè)保護(hù)阻止了企業(yè)為大規(guī)模制造業(yè)雇傭工人。
But it warned India was not fully exploiting its comparative advantage as a labour-abundant economy because of high levels of employment protection that deterred companies from hiring workers for large-scale manufacturers.
在雇員10人以上企業(yè)工作的人數(shù)，僅占印度就業(yè)人口總數(shù)的3.75%，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于任何一個(gè)經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家。印度的工作保護(hù)法規(guī)僅比兩個(gè)經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家寬松，而嚴(yán)于所有其它成員國(guó)以及中國(guó)與巴西。
Employment in companies with more than 10 employees accounts for 3.75 per cent of employment in India, a much smaller proportion than any OECD country. India has stricter job protection laws than China, Brazil and all but two OECD countries.
經(jīng)合組織呼應(yīng)了要求改革《工業(yè)爭(zhēng)端法》(Industrial Disputes Act)的長(zhǎng)期呼聲。該法要求，如果制造工廠雇傭超過100名工人，那么，哪怕企業(yè)只解雇1名工人，也要獲得政府批準(zhǔn)。
It echoed longstanding calls for reform of the Industrial Disputes Act that requires businesses to obtain government permission to lay off even a single worker from manufacturing plants with more than 100 employees.
該組織稱：“有必要降低就業(yè)保護(hù)的嚴(yán)格程度，并且可以相應(yīng)擴(kuò)大遞增型離職補(bǔ)償金的范圍?！备母飼?huì)幫助農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向更具生產(chǎn)力的領(lǐng)域。
“Reduction in the stringency of employment protection is needed and could be balanced by an increase in the extent of accrual-based severance payments,” it said. Reform would help shift rural labour to productive areas.
經(jīng)合組織還敦促印度政府加速開放國(guó)際貿(mào)易，并將保險(xiǎn)業(yè)和零售業(yè)等受到嚴(yán)密保護(hù)的服務(wù)行業(yè)向外商直接投資開放。
It also urged the government to open the economy more rapidly to international trade and to foreign direct investment in tightly protected service sectors, such as insurance and retailing.
小商人經(jīng)常舉行*活動(dòng)，*信實(shí)工業(yè)(Reliance Industries)等大型企業(yè)進(jìn)入印度支離破碎的零售業(yè)。信實(shí)工業(yè)計(jì)劃投資50億-70億美元，建立一個(gè)從農(nóng)場(chǎng)到消費(fèi)者的供應(yīng)鏈。
Small traders have been holding regular protests against the inroads being made into the fragmented retail sector by big business houses such as Reliance Industries, which plans a $5bn-7bn investment in a farm-to-fork supply chain.