答案與題解：
詞匯學習1：
1. B account for是個動詞短語，意思是“解釋，說明”，和動詞explain的意思相當，又如：How do you account for your absence at the meeting?（你開會缺席如何解釋？）其他幾個動詞的意思分別是：assess評估，describe描述，investigate調查。
2. D minute作名詞用是“分鐘”，這里是作形容詞用，意思是“細小的，細微的”，發(fā)音和名詞minute也不同。在四個選項中和slight同義。又如：There are minute differences between the two proposals.（這兩個提議之間的差別很小。）big, dramatic這兩個選項意義恰好和minute相反，timely是“及時的”，和minute的意義不相干。
3. A disorder是order（秩序）的反義詞，意為“無序，混亂”，故應選confusion.Disagreement（不一致），disappearance（消失）均和句子的內容無關，disaster是“災難”的意思，和disorder的意思有出入。
4. B to accuse sb. of sth.這個動詞短語的意思是“指控某人犯了錯誤，罪行”，在本句中以被動形式出現(xiàn)，又如：The court accused him of murder（法庭指控他犯有謀殺罪）。四個選項中charged…with和accused…of同義。另外三個選項中，arrested for, praised for都可以替代accused of的位置，但意思分別是“被逮捕”和“受表揚”，顯然和句子的原意不一致，described as是“被描述為……”的意思，這里是不能用的。
5. D 所給的四個選項都是用動詞look構成的短語，但其中只有一個的意義相當于動詞investigate（調查），那就是look into，其他三個選項的意義分別是：look after照料，look through審核，look forward to期待。
6. A numerous是個形容詞，意思是“許多”，原句的意思是“作了許多嘗試來掩蓋真相”。在四個選項中只有many和它意義相同。其他三個的意思和numerous毫無相近之處。
7. D obvious的意思是“顯示而易見的，明顯的”，在四個選項中只有clear的意思與它接近。
8. C 此句的意思是“奇怪的是對那位天才的畫家人們了解的這么少”。odd是形容詞，意思是“奇怪的”，如：It was odd of him to turn down the proposal.（他拒絕這個建議有點奇怪。）故應選strange.
9. C participate in是個動詞短語，意思是“參加”，和短語take part in同義，又如：The teacher expected all the students to participate in the speech contest.（老師希望所有的學生都參加演講比賽。）其他三個選項的意思是：contribute to對……做出貢獻，take pleasure in樂于做某事，enjoy喜歡。
10. D preserve是“保存”的意思，preserve meat即“保存肉類”，故應選keep，另外三個動詞也都可以用在meat前面，但意思均不是保存，carve meat（把肉分割），cook meat（煮肉），freeze meat（把肉冷凍）。
11. C previously是副詞，意思是“以前、先前”，和作副詞用的before同義，又如：I have never heard this language spoken previously.（此前我從來沒有聽人講過這種語言。）beforehand和in advance意思相同，都是“事先，預先”的意思，如：The journey is going to be difficult; we must get well prepared beforehand.（此次路途多辛勞，我們得事前作好準備。）Are we to pay him in advance?（我們是否要先預付給他錢？）
12. A pull up這個動詞短語的意思是“（車輛）停下”，所以應選stop這個動詞，slow down慢下來，speed up加速，turn up出現(xiàn)。
13. B perceive這個動詞的意思是“感到”，又如：The change in his tone was slight, but most people present perceived it.（他語氣的變化雖很細微，但在場的大多數(shù)人還是感覺到了。）appreciate是“欣賞，贊賞”的意思，describe描述，discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。
14. B possess這個動詞的意思是“擁有，占有”，和own同義，又如：I don't own much wealth but I possess good health.（我們沒有多少財富，但我擁有健康）。waste是“浪費”的意思，purchase購買，和buy同義，sell出售。
15. A substantial的意思是“十足的，堅固的，實質的，本質的”，如：a substantial building, a substantial meal, a substantial victory.原句的意思是“他們都同意所發(fā)生的變化是實質性的”。在四個選項中significant的意思與之相近。superficial表面的，inadequate不足的，inevitable不可避免的。
詞匯學習2：
1. A spur: 促進，激勵。encourage跟它的意思相近：鼓勵，促進。Public apathy encourages corruption in government. 公眾的冷漠助長政府的腐敗。endanger:危及，危害。They claim that the herbicide they are using will not endanger human life.他們聲稱，他們使用的除草劑不會危害人們的生命。endorse:簽名，批準。The application was endorsed by the committee.申請書已由委員會批準。enlarge:擴大，放大。The UN secretary-general yesterday recommended an enlarged peacekeeping force.昨天聯(lián)合國秘書長提議擴大維和部隊。
2. C coverage:覆蓋（的區(qū)域、范圍）。此處指新聞報道的范圍。reportage:新聞報道。注意：reportage在這個句子中可以替代coverage，但并不意味著任何時候都可以替換。baggage:行李（不可數(shù)）。A piece of baggage:一件行李。英國英語一般用luggage.orphanage:孤獨身份，孤兒院。usage:使用，用法。That phrase has gone out of usage.那短語已不為大家所用。
3. C dimly昏暗地。lit:此處是light（照亮）的過去分詞，也有人把它叫做形容詞。A dimly lit lane:一條昏暗的胡同。faintly:暗淡地，微弱地，與dimly意思相近。inadequately不足。hardly幾乎不。I can hardly hear him.我?guī)缀趼牪坏剿f話。sufficiently:充分地，足夠地。
4. A mildly:溫和地；適度地。gently:溫和地，有教養(yǎng)地。 “I'm sorry to disturb you”, Mary said gently.瑪麗有禮貌地說：“對不起，打擾你了?！眘hyly:害羞地；膽怯地。The children are smiling shyly.那些兒童靦腆地笑著。weakly:虛弱地，微弱地。She smiled weakly at the reporters.她對記者微笑。sweetly:舒適地；甜蜜地。The girl smiled sweetly at her friends.女孩對她的朋友笑得很甜蜜。
5. B inevitable:不可避免的，必然要發(fā)生的。certain:肯定的，必然的，與inevitable意思相近。It is almost certain that the government will lose the next election.差不多可以肯定，政府在下屆選舉中要失敗。strange:奇怪的。inconsistent:不一致的。proper:合適的，得體的。
6. A isolated:孤立的，與世隔絕的。solitary跟它的意思比較接近：獨居的，單個的。John has been living a solitary life.約翰一直過著獨居的生活。又如：She was the most solitary person on earth.她是世界上孤獨的人。gloomy:陰郁的，憂悶的。She is feeling gloomy, so go and cheer her up.她感到憂悶，去安慰安慰她。feeble:虛弱的，無力的。A feeble old man:虛弱的老人。frugal:節(jié)儉的。
7. C call off:停止，取消。cancel:取消。Why was the baseball game cancelled yesterday?為什么昨天的棒球比賽取消了？put off:推遲。They decided to put off the meeting until after Christmas.他們決定會議推遲到圣誕節(jié)后舉行。end:結束。The government acted to end a bakers' strike in the city.政府采取行動結束城里面包師傅的罷工。participate in:參加。Did you participate in the discussion?你參加討論了嗎？
8. C make up one's mind:打定主意，下定決心。又如：Susan has made up her mind that, come what may, she will stay with John.蘇珊決心已下，不管發(fā)生什么事，都將跟約翰呆在一起。decide:決定。He decided not to do that.他決定不干那件事。want:想。I can study any subject you want to.我能研究你想研究的任何一個課題。promise:許諾。You've got to promise me that you won't do that again.你得答應我不再干那種事。agree:同意。They might not agree with his opinion.他們可能不同意他的意見。
9. B now and then:時而，偶爾。occasionally:時而，偶爾。always:經(jīng)常。We have always done it in this way.我們經(jīng)常這么干。constantly:不斷地。She is constantly changing her mind.她老是改變主意。注意：動詞進行體跟constantly, always等表達“反復”意義的副詞搭配時動詞作具有反復性。這種搭配表達說話人對某人的某種行為的不滿，具有強烈的感情色彩。下面這句話是不帶感情色彩的客觀報道：She constantly changes her mind.她常常改變主意。regularly:經(jīng)常地；定時地。We do meet now and then, but not regularly.我們確實偶爾見面，但不經(jīng)常。
10. A find fault with:找……的岔子，批評。criticize:批評。He seems to enjoy criticizing his colleagues.他似乎把批評他的同事看做是一種樂趣。praise:表揚。Our guests praised the meal as the best they had had for years.我們的客人稱贊這頓飯是他們多年來吃過的好的一頓。evaluate:評估。The scientists are evaluating the data.科學家們正在評估數(shù)據(jù)。talk about:談論。That's all settled. It needn't be talked about.此事已徹底解決，無需再談了。
11. C grasp:抓住。take hold of:抓住，控制住。Mother took hold of the barking dogs by their collars:母親抓住了這些汪汪直叫的狗的頸圈，把它們制服了。understand:懂得，理解。I don't understand your attitude at al.我一點也不理解你的態(tài)度。grasp也有“懂得”的意思，但在該句中不是這個意思。have a hold over:控制；對……有影響。The officer has kept a firm hold over the soldiers.那個軍官一直緊緊地控制著士兵。leave hold of:放開。She left hold of his hand.她放開了他的手。
12. C take…into consideration:把……考慮進去。take…into account:把……考慮進去。We must take local conditions needs great thought.我們必須把地區(qū)性的條件考慮進去。thought:思想，考慮。This problem needs great thought.這個問題需要認真考慮。mind:腦子，思想，考慮。
Her mind is not entirely on her work.她的心不全在工作上。memory:記憶。The photograph evoked her happy memories.這張照片激起了她幸福的回憶。
13. A tolerate:忍受。put up with:忍受。If I were you, I wouldn't put up with his behavior any longer.如果我是你，我不會再忍受他的這種行為。accept:接受。I don't think that they would accept my view.我認為他們不會接受我的觀點。take有很多的意義。take action:采取行動，采取措施。The government has promised to take swift action on the energy crisis.政府許諾迅速采取措施解決能源危機。suffer from:受……之苦。He suffered from cold and hunger for some time.他一度饑寒交迫。
14. B abandon:放棄。give up:放棄。She gave up her job to look after her sick mother.為了照顧有病的母親，她放棄了工作。turn down:不接受。The company turned down the suggestion of shorter hours.公司否決了縮短工作時間的建議。refuse:拒絕，不接受。He refused bribe.他拒絕了賄賂。
15. C lately:近；近來。recently:近；近來。I've only recently begun to learn English.我只是近才開始學英語。lastly:后（一點）。He gave many reasons for being late; lastly he said his car had broken down.他先是說了一大堆遲到的理由，后還說他的車壞了。shortly:一會兒，不久。She kept a diary until shortly before her death.直到去世前不久她才停止記日記。immediately:馬上，立即。I'll answer his letter immediately.我會立即給他回信。
詞匯學習1：
1. B account for是個動詞短語，意思是“解釋，說明”，和動詞explain的意思相當，又如：How do you account for your absence at the meeting?（你開會缺席如何解釋？）其他幾個動詞的意思分別是：assess評估，describe描述，investigate調查。
2. D minute作名詞用是“分鐘”，這里是作形容詞用，意思是“細小的，細微的”，發(fā)音和名詞minute也不同。在四個選項中和slight同義。又如：There are minute differences between the two proposals.（這兩個提議之間的差別很小。）big, dramatic這兩個選項意義恰好和minute相反，timely是“及時的”，和minute的意義不相干。
3. A disorder是order（秩序）的反義詞，意為“無序，混亂”，故應選confusion.Disagreement（不一致），disappearance（消失）均和句子的內容無關，disaster是“災難”的意思，和disorder的意思有出入。
4. B to accuse sb. of sth.這個動詞短語的意思是“指控某人犯了錯誤，罪行”，在本句中以被動形式出現(xiàn)，又如：The court accused him of murder（法庭指控他犯有謀殺罪）。四個選項中charged…with和accused…of同義。另外三個選項中，arrested for, praised for都可以替代accused of的位置，但意思分別是“被逮捕”和“受表揚”，顯然和句子的原意不一致，described as是“被描述為……”的意思，這里是不能用的。
5. D 所給的四個選項都是用動詞look構成的短語，但其中只有一個的意義相當于動詞investigate（調查），那就是look into，其他三個選項的意義分別是：look after照料，look through審核，look forward to期待。
6. A numerous是個形容詞，意思是“許多”，原句的意思是“作了許多嘗試來掩蓋真相”。在四個選項中只有many和它意義相同。其他三個的意思和numerous毫無相近之處。
7. D obvious的意思是“顯示而易見的，明顯的”，在四個選項中只有clear的意思與它接近。
8. C 此句的意思是“奇怪的是對那位天才的畫家人們了解的這么少”。odd是形容詞，意思是“奇怪的”，如：It was odd of him to turn down the proposal.（他拒絕這個建議有點奇怪。）故應選strange.
9. C participate in是個動詞短語，意思是“參加”，和短語take part in同義，又如：The teacher expected all the students to participate in the speech contest.（老師希望所有的學生都參加演講比賽。）其他三個選項的意思是：contribute to對……做出貢獻，take pleasure in樂于做某事，enjoy喜歡。
10. D preserve是“保存”的意思，preserve meat即“保存肉類”，故應選keep，另外三個動詞也都可以用在meat前面，但意思均不是保存，carve meat（把肉分割），cook meat（煮肉），freeze meat（把肉冷凍）。
11. C previously是副詞，意思是“以前、先前”，和作副詞用的before同義，又如：I have never heard this language spoken previously.（此前我從來沒有聽人講過這種語言。）beforehand和in advance意思相同，都是“事先，預先”的意思，如：The journey is going to be difficult; we must get well prepared beforehand.（此次路途多辛勞，我們得事前作好準備。）Are we to pay him in advance?（我們是否要先預付給他錢？）
12. A pull up這個動詞短語的意思是“（車輛）停下”，所以應選stop這個動詞，slow down慢下來，speed up加速，turn up出現(xiàn)。
13. B perceive這個動詞的意思是“感到”，又如：The change in his tone was slight, but most people present perceived it.（他語氣的變化雖很細微，但在場的大多數(shù)人還是感覺到了。）appreciate是“欣賞，贊賞”的意思，describe描述，discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。
14. B possess這個動詞的意思是“擁有，占有”，和own同義，又如：I don't own much wealth but I possess good health.（我們沒有多少財富，但我擁有健康）。waste是“浪費”的意思，purchase購買，和buy同義，sell出售。
15. A substantial的意思是“十足的，堅固的，實質的，本質的”，如：a substantial building, a substantial meal, a substantial victory.原句的意思是“他們都同意所發(fā)生的變化是實質性的”。在四個選項中significant的意思與之相近。superficial表面的，inadequate不足的，inevitable不可避免的。
詞匯學習2：
1. A spur: 促進，激勵。encourage跟它的意思相近：鼓勵，促進。Public apathy encourages corruption in government. 公眾的冷漠助長政府的腐敗。endanger:危及，危害。They claim that the herbicide they are using will not endanger human life.他們聲稱，他們使用的除草劑不會危害人們的生命。endorse:簽名，批準。The application was endorsed by the committee.申請書已由委員會批準。enlarge:擴大，放大。The UN secretary-general yesterday recommended an enlarged peacekeeping force.昨天聯(lián)合國秘書長提議擴大維和部隊。
2. C coverage:覆蓋（的區(qū)域、范圍）。此處指新聞報道的范圍。reportage:新聞報道。注意：reportage在這個句子中可以替代coverage，但并不意味著任何時候都可以替換。baggage:行李（不可數(shù)）。A piece of baggage:一件行李。英國英語一般用luggage.orphanage:孤獨身份，孤兒院。usage:使用，用法。That phrase has gone out of usage.那短語已不為大家所用。
3. C dimly昏暗地。lit:此處是light（照亮）的過去分詞，也有人把它叫做形容詞。A dimly lit lane:一條昏暗的胡同。faintly:暗淡地，微弱地，與dimly意思相近。inadequately不足。hardly幾乎不。I can hardly hear him.我?guī)缀趼牪坏剿f話。sufficiently:充分地，足夠地。
4. A mildly:溫和地；適度地。gently:溫和地，有教養(yǎng)地。 “I'm sorry to disturb you”, Mary said gently.瑪麗有禮貌地說：“對不起，打擾你了?！眘hyly:害羞地；膽怯地。The children are smiling shyly.那些兒童靦腆地笑著。weakly:虛弱地，微弱地。She smiled weakly at the reporters.她對記者微笑。sweetly:舒適地；甜蜜地。The girl smiled sweetly at her friends.女孩對她的朋友笑得很甜蜜。
5. B inevitable:不可避免的，必然要發(fā)生的。certain:肯定的，必然的，與inevitable意思相近。It is almost certain that the government will lose the next election.差不多可以肯定，政府在下屆選舉中要失敗。strange:奇怪的。inconsistent:不一致的。proper:合適的，得體的。
6. A isolated:孤立的，與世隔絕的。solitary跟它的意思比較接近：獨居的，單個的。John has been living a solitary life.約翰一直過著獨居的生活。又如：She was the most solitary person on earth.她是世界上孤獨的人。gloomy:陰郁的，憂悶的。She is feeling gloomy, so go and cheer her up.她感到憂悶，去安慰安慰她。feeble:虛弱的，無力的。A feeble old man:虛弱的老人。frugal:節(jié)儉的。
7. C call off:停止，取消。cancel:取消。Why was the baseball game cancelled yesterday?為什么昨天的棒球比賽取消了？put off:推遲。They decided to put off the meeting until after Christmas.他們決定會議推遲到圣誕節(jié)后舉行。end:結束。The government acted to end a bakers' strike in the city.政府采取行動結束城里面包師傅的罷工。participate in:參加。Did you participate in the discussion?你參加討論了嗎？
8. C make up one's mind:打定主意，下定決心。又如：Susan has made up her mind that, come what may, she will stay with John.蘇珊決心已下，不管發(fā)生什么事，都將跟約翰呆在一起。decide:決定。He decided not to do that.他決定不干那件事。want:想。I can study any subject you want to.我能研究你想研究的任何一個課題。promise:許諾。You've got to promise me that you won't do that again.你得答應我不再干那種事。agree:同意。They might not agree with his opinion.他們可能不同意他的意見。
9. B now and then:時而，偶爾。occasionally:時而，偶爾。always:經(jīng)常。We have always done it in this way.我們經(jīng)常這么干。constantly:不斷地。She is constantly changing her mind.她老是改變主意。注意：動詞進行體跟constantly, always等表達“反復”意義的副詞搭配時動詞作具有反復性。這種搭配表達說話人對某人的某種行為的不滿，具有強烈的感情色彩。下面這句話是不帶感情色彩的客觀報道：She constantly changes her mind.她常常改變主意。regularly:經(jīng)常地；定時地。We do meet now and then, but not regularly.我們確實偶爾見面，但不經(jīng)常。
10. A find fault with:找……的岔子，批評。criticize:批評。He seems to enjoy criticizing his colleagues.他似乎把批評他的同事看做是一種樂趣。praise:表揚。Our guests praised the meal as the best they had had for years.我們的客人稱贊這頓飯是他們多年來吃過的好的一頓。evaluate:評估。The scientists are evaluating the data.科學家們正在評估數(shù)據(jù)。talk about:談論。That's all settled. It needn't be talked about.此事已徹底解決，無需再談了。
11. C grasp:抓住。take hold of:抓住，控制住。Mother took hold of the barking dogs by their collars:母親抓住了這些汪汪直叫的狗的頸圈，把它們制服了。understand:懂得，理解。I don't understand your attitude at al.我一點也不理解你的態(tài)度。grasp也有“懂得”的意思，但在該句中不是這個意思。have a hold over:控制；對……有影響。The officer has kept a firm hold over the soldiers.那個軍官一直緊緊地控制著士兵。leave hold of:放開。She left hold of his hand.她放開了他的手。
12. C take…into consideration:把……考慮進去。take…into account:把……考慮進去。We must take local conditions needs great thought.我們必須把地區(qū)性的條件考慮進去。thought:思想，考慮。This problem needs great thought.這個問題需要認真考慮。mind:腦子，思想，考慮。
Her mind is not entirely on her work.她的心不全在工作上。memory:記憶。The photograph evoked her happy memories.這張照片激起了她幸福的回憶。
13. A tolerate:忍受。put up with:忍受。If I were you, I wouldn't put up with his behavior any longer.如果我是你，我不會再忍受他的這種行為。accept:接受。I don't think that they would accept my view.我認為他們不會接受我的觀點。take有很多的意義。take action:采取行動，采取措施。The government has promised to take swift action on the energy crisis.政府許諾迅速采取措施解決能源危機。suffer from:受……之苦。He suffered from cold and hunger for some time.他一度饑寒交迫。
14. B abandon:放棄。give up:放棄。She gave up her job to look after her sick mother.為了照顧有病的母親，她放棄了工作。turn down:不接受。The company turned down the suggestion of shorter hours.公司否決了縮短工作時間的建議。refuse:拒絕，不接受。He refused bribe.他拒絕了賄賂。
15. C lately:近；近來。recently:近；近來。I've only recently begun to learn English.我只是近才開始學英語。lastly:后（一點）。He gave many reasons for being late; lastly he said his car had broken down.他先是說了一大堆遲到的理由，后還說他的車壞了。shortly:一會兒，不久。She kept a diary until shortly before her death.直到去世前不久她才停止記日記。immediately:馬上，立即。I'll answer his letter immediately.我會立即給他回信。