(六)形容詞、副詞
1．形容詞修飾名詞/代詞；副詞修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，在句中可充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。
序號(hào) 功用 詞類 位置用法 例詞/例句
1 定語(yǔ) 形容詞 在中心詞前 He’s a small Japanese boy.
副詞 在中心詞后 I’ve got used to the life here.
2 狀語(yǔ) 形容詞 句首/中，表原因/時(shí)間
句末/中，表伴隨/結(jié)果 Tired and thirsty, we stopped to have a rest.
He lay in bed, awake.
副詞 在被修飾詞前、后修飾全句，位置靈活 You are quite right.
Sometimes he goes to school on foot.
3 表語(yǔ) 形容詞
副詞 系動(dòng)詞后 He is tired.
They are out.
4 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 形容詞 作主補(bǔ)在謂語(yǔ)后
作賓補(bǔ)在賓語(yǔ)后 The little boy was found dead.
He find it very useful.
副詞 作主補(bǔ)在謂語(yǔ)后
作賓補(bǔ)在賓語(yǔ)后 She was seen out.
Let me show you out.
注意：
（1）the/these/those+形容詞表示一類人/物；成對(duì)的形容詞這樣用時(shí)可省去the。
The rich are not always happy.
High and low all like this flower.
（2）“enough足夠的”作定語(yǔ)時(shí)既可放在中心詞前也可放在中心詞后；但作副詞時(shí)只能后置。
We have enough food to eat.
We have food enough to eat.
It’s warm enough.
（3）許多以前綴a-構(gòu)成的形容詞常作后置定語(yǔ)，這樣的形容詞有：awake, alone, alive, afraid, alike, asleep, ashamed等。
It is a book worth reading.
Do you know the man asleep over there?
（4）形容詞修飾由some/any/no/every與one/body/thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，要后置。
I have something important to tell you.
（5）形容詞（與其他詞組/語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的）短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。
English is a language difficult to master.
（6）幾個(gè)副詞作狀語(yǔ)并列時(shí)，位置一般按方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間順序排列。
He came here by air yesterday.
（7）幾個(gè)形容詞并列作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，并列的詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開，最后兩個(gè)詞之間用and(but/yet)等連接，并列詞的先后順序較靈活（有時(shí)將強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞放在最后）。
He is tall,dark and handsome.
2. 形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成及形式：
規(guī)
則
變
化 構(gòu) 成 形 式
原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 級(jí)
單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er, -ow, -le, -y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞 一般 tall 加-er taller 加-est tallest
以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾 noble 加-r nobler 加-st noblest
以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié) wet
big 雙寫最后輔音字母再加-er wetter
bigger 雙寫最后輔音字母再加-est wettest
biggest
輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞 easy
heavy 改y為i再加-er easier
heavier 改y為i再加-est easiest
heaviest
多音節(jié)詞，多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞及部分加-ly等變來或由分詞變來的詞 delicious
slowly
tired
tiresome 詞前加more more delicious
more slowly
more tired
more tiresome 詞前加most most delicious
most slowly
most tired
most tiresome
不
規(guī)
則
變
化 good
well better best
bad/ill
badly worse worst
many
much more most
little less least
old elder eldest
older oldest
far farther farthest
further furthest
late later latest
latter last
注意：
（1）形容詞級(jí)前要用the,而副詞級(jí)前的the可省。
（2）下面這些詞的比較等級(jí)可在后面加-er/-est或在前面加more/most構(gòu)成。
cruel, often, able, clear, clever, correct, dear, free, friendly, happy, handsome, likely, lively, pleasant, right, simple, quiet, solid, strange, strict, stupid, wrong, etc.
5. 形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)常用的句型及用法：
類別 用法及意義 句型結(jié)構(gòu) 例句
原級(jí) 沒有比較 very / so / quite / too, etc. +原級(jí) It was very warm yesterday.
二者比較程度相同 as+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象 You are as clever as Mike.
一方是另一方的幾倍 ...times as+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象 This bridge is five times as long as that one.
二者比，程度不同 ...not as+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象 You are not as tall as he.
二者比，前者不如后者 ...not so+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象 Math isn’t so hard as physics.
比
較
級(jí) 二者比，一方比另一方更… 比較級(jí)+than... You’re younger than Tom.
二者比，A比B…得多， much / a lot /a little, rather,
a great deal It’s much hotter today than it was yesterday.
A比B甚至還要…/一點(diǎn) a bit/far/even/still/a little, etc.+比較級(jí)+than He’s still stronger than Jack.
He’s far older than you.
表“越來越…” 比較級(jí)+and+同一比較級(jí) She’s getting fatter and fatter.
表“越…就越…” the+比較級(jí)+…，
the+比較級(jí)+…， The more you ask, the more you’ll
understand.
A比B（高，長(zhǎng)…）多少倍 ...times+比較級(jí)+than This line is four times longer than that one.
在二者中哪個(gè)是更…的那個(gè) Which / Who is the+比較級(jí)+of the two? Who is the taller of the twins?
哪個(gè)更…，A還是B？ Which/Who+謂+比較級(jí)，A or B? Who runs faster, Lily or Mary?
表“越來越…” 比較級(jí)and+另一比較級(jí)+than+… He’s getting healthier and stronger than his brother.
表“比…更少”或“不如…” less+原級(jí)或名詞+than Tom made less mistakes than Jack.
This story is less interesting than that one.
She’s less rich than he.
表“與其說”，“不如…”，“不止…” more+原級(jí)+than She is more hard-working than clever.
more+名詞+than Mr.Smith is more an artist than a teacher.
more+than+原級(jí)/名詞 She’s more than a teacher.
She’s more than tired.
表“并不比某某…”或“與某某一樣不…” no+比較級(jí)+than… She’s no taller than you.
級(jí) 三者或三者以上比較“某某最…” (the)+級(jí)+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 He runs fastest of the boys.
在某區(qū)域的“最…” (the)+級(jí)+in+單數(shù)集體名詞或地點(diǎn) He is the tallest in his class.
“在三者或三者以上當(dāng)中最…之一” one of the+級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+… She’s one of the best students in this class.
“第幾大/長(zhǎng)…” the+序數(shù)詞+級(jí)(+名詞)+in+區(qū)域 It is the second longest river in the world.
“三者以上當(dāng)中誰(shuí)/哪個(gè)最…” Which/Who+謂語(yǔ)+（the）級(jí)，A、B、C or D? Who jumps highest, Tom,Jack or Smith?
1．形容詞修飾名詞/代詞；副詞修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，在句中可充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。
序號(hào) 功用 詞類 位置用法 例詞/例句
1 定語(yǔ) 形容詞 在中心詞前 He’s a small Japanese boy.
副詞 在中心詞后 I’ve got used to the life here.
2 狀語(yǔ) 形容詞 句首/中，表原因/時(shí)間
句末/中，表伴隨/結(jié)果 Tired and thirsty, we stopped to have a rest.
He lay in bed, awake.
副詞 在被修飾詞前、后修飾全句，位置靈活 You are quite right.
Sometimes he goes to school on foot.
3 表語(yǔ) 形容詞
副詞 系動(dòng)詞后 He is tired.
They are out.
4 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 形容詞 作主補(bǔ)在謂語(yǔ)后
作賓補(bǔ)在賓語(yǔ)后 The little boy was found dead.
He find it very useful.
副詞 作主補(bǔ)在謂語(yǔ)后
作賓補(bǔ)在賓語(yǔ)后 She was seen out.
Let me show you out.
注意：
（1）the/these/those+形容詞表示一類人/物；成對(duì)的形容詞這樣用時(shí)可省去the。
The rich are not always happy.
High and low all like this flower.
（2）“enough足夠的”作定語(yǔ)時(shí)既可放在中心詞前也可放在中心詞后；但作副詞時(shí)只能后置。
We have enough food to eat.
We have food enough to eat.
It’s warm enough.
（3）許多以前綴a-構(gòu)成的形容詞常作后置定語(yǔ)，這樣的形容詞有：awake, alone, alive, afraid, alike, asleep, ashamed等。
It is a book worth reading.
Do you know the man asleep over there?
（4）形容詞修飾由some/any/no/every與one/body/thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，要后置。
I have something important to tell you.
（5）形容詞（與其他詞組/語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的）短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。
English is a language difficult to master.
（6）幾個(gè)副詞作狀語(yǔ)并列時(shí)，位置一般按方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間順序排列。
He came here by air yesterday.
（7）幾個(gè)形容詞并列作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，并列的詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開，最后兩個(gè)詞之間用and(but/yet)等連接，并列詞的先后順序較靈活（有時(shí)將強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞放在最后）。
He is tall,dark and handsome.
2. 形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成及形式：
規(guī)
則
變
化 構(gòu) 成 形 式
原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 級(jí)
單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er, -ow, -le, -y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞 一般 tall 加-er taller 加-est tallest
以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾 noble 加-r nobler 加-st noblest
以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié) wet
big 雙寫最后輔音字母再加-er wetter
bigger 雙寫最后輔音字母再加-est wettest
biggest
輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞 easy
heavy 改y為i再加-er easier
heavier 改y為i再加-est easiest
heaviest
多音節(jié)詞，多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞及部分加-ly等變來或由分詞變來的詞 delicious
slowly
tired
tiresome 詞前加more more delicious
more slowly
more tired
more tiresome 詞前加most most delicious
most slowly
most tired
most tiresome
不
規(guī)
則
變
化 good
well better best
bad/ill
badly worse worst
many
much more most
little less least
old elder eldest
older oldest
far farther farthest
further furthest
late later latest
latter last
注意：
（1）形容詞級(jí)前要用the,而副詞級(jí)前的the可省。
（2）下面這些詞的比較等級(jí)可在后面加-er/-est或在前面加more/most構(gòu)成。
cruel, often, able, clear, clever, correct, dear, free, friendly, happy, handsome, likely, lively, pleasant, right, simple, quiet, solid, strange, strict, stupid, wrong, etc.
5. 形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)常用的句型及用法：
類別 用法及意義 句型結(jié)構(gòu) 例句
原級(jí) 沒有比較 very / so / quite / too, etc. +原級(jí) It was very warm yesterday.
二者比較程度相同 as+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象 You are as clever as Mike.
一方是另一方的幾倍 ...times as+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象 This bridge is five times as long as that one.
二者比，程度不同 ...not as+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象 You are not as tall as he.
二者比，前者不如后者 ...not so+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象 Math isn’t so hard as physics.
比
較
級(jí) 二者比，一方比另一方更… 比較級(jí)+than... You’re younger than Tom.
二者比，A比B…得多， much / a lot /a little, rather,
a great deal It’s much hotter today than it was yesterday.
A比B甚至還要…/一點(diǎn) a bit/far/even/still/a little, etc.+比較級(jí)+than He’s still stronger than Jack.
He’s far older than you.
表“越來越…” 比較級(jí)+and+同一比較級(jí) She’s getting fatter and fatter.
表“越…就越…” the+比較級(jí)+…，
the+比較級(jí)+…， The more you ask, the more you’ll
understand.
A比B（高，長(zhǎng)…）多少倍 ...times+比較級(jí)+than This line is four times longer than that one.
在二者中哪個(gè)是更…的那個(gè) Which / Who is the+比較級(jí)+of the two? Who is the taller of the twins?
哪個(gè)更…，A還是B？ Which/Who+謂+比較級(jí)，A or B? Who runs faster, Lily or Mary?
表“越來越…” 比較級(jí)and+另一比較級(jí)+than+… He’s getting healthier and stronger than his brother.
表“比…更少”或“不如…” less+原級(jí)或名詞+than Tom made less mistakes than Jack.
This story is less interesting than that one.
She’s less rich than he.
表“與其說”，“不如…”，“不止…” more+原級(jí)+than She is more hard-working than clever.
more+名詞+than Mr.Smith is more an artist than a teacher.
more+than+原級(jí)/名詞 She’s more than a teacher.
She’s more than tired.
表“并不比某某…”或“與某某一樣不…” no+比較級(jí)+than… She’s no taller than you.
級(jí) 三者或三者以上比較“某某最…” (the)+級(jí)+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 He runs fastest of the boys.
在某區(qū)域的“最…” (the)+級(jí)+in+單數(shù)集體名詞或地點(diǎn) He is the tallest in his class.
“在三者或三者以上當(dāng)中最…之一” one of the+級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+… She’s one of the best students in this class.
“第幾大/長(zhǎng)…” the+序數(shù)詞+級(jí)(+名詞)+in+區(qū)域 It is the second longest river in the world.
“三者以上當(dāng)中誰(shuí)/哪個(gè)最…” Which/Who+謂語(yǔ)+（the）級(jí)，A、B、C or D? Who jumps highest, Tom,Jack or Smith?