TEXT H First read the following question. 54. The passage supports which of the following conclusion? A. By the 1930s jazz was appreciated by a wide audience. B. Classical music had a great impact on jazz. C. Jazz originated in New Orleans in the early nineteenth century. D. Jazz band were better known in Europe than in the United States. Now go through TEXT G quickly and answer question 54. The fist jazz musicians played in New Orleans during the early 1900s. After 1917, many of the New Orleans musicians moved to the south side of Chicago, where they continued to play their style of jazz. Soon Chicago was the new center for jazz. Several outstanding musicians emerged as leading jazz artists in Chicago. Daniel Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong, born in New Orleans in 1900, was one. Another leading musician was Joseph "King" Oliver, who is also credited with having discovered Armstrong, who was in New Orleans, to join his band. In 1923 King Olivers Creole Jazz Band under Louis Armstrong also made the first important set of recording by a Hot Five and Hot Seven bands recordings of special note. Although Chicagos South Side was the main jazz center, some musicians, in New York were also demanding attention in jazz circles. In 1923 Fletcher Henderson already had a ten-piece band that played jazz. During the early 1930s, the number of players grew to sixteen. Hendersons band was considered a leader in what some people have called the Big Band Era. By the 1930s, big bands were the rage. Large numbers of people went to ballroom to dance to jazz music played by big bands. One of the most popular and a very famous jazz band was the Duke Ellington band. Edward "Duke" Ellington was born in Washington, D.C. in 1899, and died in New York City in 1974. He studied the piano as a young boy and later began writing original musical compositions. The first of Ellingtons European tours came in 1933. He soon received international fame for his talent as a band leader, composer, and arranger. Ten years later, Ellington began giving annual concerts at Carnegie Hall in New York City. People began to listen to jazz in the same way that they had always listened to classical music.
54. The passage supports which of the following conclusion?
A) By the 1930's jazz was appreciated by a wide audience.
B) Classical music had a great impact on jazz.
C) Jazz originated in New Orleans in the early nineteenth century.
D) Jazz band were better known in Europe than in the United States.
TEXT I First read the following question. 55. The U.N. came into existence fully in ____ A. 1942. B. 1944. C. 1945. D. 1940. 56. United Nations Day is celebrated on ____ A. 24 October. B. 24 April. C. 26 October. D. 25 June. Now go through TEXT I quickly and answer questions 55 and 56. In one very long sentence, the introduction to the U.N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of the people whose governments joined together to form the U.N. "We the peoples of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime had brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in large freedom, and for these ends, to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims." The name "United Nations" is accredited to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member states met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Years Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals modified after deliberation at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the charter had been ratified by China, France, the U.S. S. R, the U.K., and the U.S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U.N. officially came into existence. The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations Day. The essential functions of the U.N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, to promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a center for coordinating the actions of nations on attaining these common ends. No country takes precedence over another in the U.N. Each members rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international disputes, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states. Though the U.N. had no right to intervene in any states internal affairs, it tries to ensure that non-member states act according to its principles of international peace and security. U.N. members must offer every assistance in an approved U.N. action and in no way assist states against which the U.N. is taking preventive or enforcement action.
55. The U.N. came into existence fully in ____
A) 1942.
B) 1944.
C) 1945.
D) 1940.
56. United Nations Day is celebrated on ____
A) 24 October.
B) 24 April.
C) 26 October.
D) 25 June.
TEXT J First read the following questions. 57. Silk worms were introduced into Europe by ____ A. two Justinian monks. B. two countries of Constantinople. C. two Persian Monks. D. two Egyptian priests. 58. People began making shoes for each foot ____ A. in Roman Times. B. in the Middle Ages. C. in the eighteenth century. D. in the nineteenth century. Now go through TEXT quickly and answer questions 57 and 58. Cotton was not exported to Europe until the eighth century A.D. It was brought to Spain then by the Moors of North Africa. The Europeans liked the textile and began to make cotton cloth. By the fifteenth century, the cotton industry had spread from Spain to central Europe and the Low countries. When Columbus arrived in the West Indies, he found the Indians wearing cotton clothes. Pizarro, the Spanish conqueror of Peru, found that the Incas were growing cotton for use in the making of clothes. Magellan found the Brazilians swinging in cotton hammocks. And Cortes was so impressed by the beauty of the cotton tapestries and rugs that the Aztecs made, that he sent some of them as presents to King Charles II of Spain. The Chinese were the first people to make silk clothing, and for more than 2000 years, they were the only people in the world who knew how to make silk. The Chinese guarded the secret of their silk manufacture carefully. Their merchants grew rich in the silk trade with other Asian countries and Europe. Silk, in fact, was so expensive that it was known as the "cloth of king". During the region of Emperor Justinian of Constantinople, two Persian monks who lived in China brought silk worms to Europe. In the years that followed, Western Europeans learned how to grow silkworms and use the silk from the cocoons. Silk is still one of the most useful textile in clothing manufacture because of its extremely strong fibers. A thread of silk is two-thirds as strong as an iron wore of the same size and so smooth that dirt cannot cling to it easily. Two hundred years ago, most of the people of the world had little or no clothing. Clothing was taken care of very carefully and handed down from parents to children. Many people never owned a new garment in their lives, and except for the rich, no on had more than one outfit of clothes at a time. Primitive man made shoes long before he made permanent records on clay tablets or parchment scrolls. For many centuries, the shoemaker was interested only in covering the foot. Although he used fancy leathers and decorated shoes in many ways, he paid little attention to the fit of a shoe. In fact, it was only after 1850 that someone hit upon the idea of making different-shaped shoes for the left and the right foot.
57. Silk worms were introduced into Europe by ____
A) two Justinian monks.
B) two countries of Constantinople.
C) two Persian Monks.
D) two Egyptian priests.
58. People began making shoes for each foot ____
A) in Roman Times.
B) in the Middle Ages.
C) in the eighteenth century.
D) in the nineteenth century.
TEXT K First read the following questions. 59. Scurvy is a disease which causes ____ A. loss of blood. B. swollen limbs. C. exhaustion. D. bright red spot on the flesh. 60. The disease "beriberi" ____ A. kills large numbers of western peoples. B. is a vitamin deficiency disease. C. is transmitted by diseased rice. D. can be caught from diseased chickens. Now go through TEXT K quickly and answer questions 59 and 60. In the early days of sea travel, seamen on ling voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy, a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The mens lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors. Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called "vitamin". Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in flesh and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility to colds and influenza. The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting, or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins. Another example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as "beriberi", which used to afflict large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of this century a Dutch scientist called Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beriberi. At first he thought it was transmitted by a germ. He was working in a Japanese hospital where the patients were fed on rice which had had the outer husk removed from the grain. It was thought this would be easier for weak sick people to digest. Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on scraps from the patients plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ he thought was causing the disease but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who decreed that the huskless polished rice, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked and the chickens fed on cheap, coarse rice with the outer covering still on the grain. Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating unmilled rice somehow prevented or cured beriberi——even that a lack of some ingredient in the husk might be the cause of the disease. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent beriberi was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as vitamin B. The milled rice, though more expensive was in fact perpetuating the disease the hospital was trying to cure. Nowadays, this terrible diseases is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins.
59. Scurvy is a disease which causes ____
A) loss of blood.
B) swollen limbs.
C) exhaustion.
D) bright red spot on the flesh.
60. The disease "beriberi" ____
A) kills large numbers of western peoples.
B) is a vitamin deficiency disease.
C) is transmitted by diseased rice.
D) can be caught from diseased chickens.
54. The passage supports which of the following conclusion?
A) By the 1930's jazz was appreciated by a wide audience.
B) Classical music had a great impact on jazz.
C) Jazz originated in New Orleans in the early nineteenth century.
D) Jazz band were better known in Europe than in the United States.
TEXT I First read the following question. 55. The U.N. came into existence fully in ____ A. 1942. B. 1944. C. 1945. D. 1940. 56. United Nations Day is celebrated on ____ A. 24 October. B. 24 April. C. 26 October. D. 25 June. Now go through TEXT I quickly and answer questions 55 and 56. In one very long sentence, the introduction to the U.N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of the people whose governments joined together to form the U.N. "We the peoples of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime had brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in large freedom, and for these ends, to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims." The name "United Nations" is accredited to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member states met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Years Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals modified after deliberation at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the charter had been ratified by China, France, the U.S. S. R, the U.K., and the U.S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U.N. officially came into existence. The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations Day. The essential functions of the U.N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, to promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a center for coordinating the actions of nations on attaining these common ends. No country takes precedence over another in the U.N. Each members rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international disputes, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states. Though the U.N. had no right to intervene in any states internal affairs, it tries to ensure that non-member states act according to its principles of international peace and security. U.N. members must offer every assistance in an approved U.N. action and in no way assist states against which the U.N. is taking preventive or enforcement action.
55. The U.N. came into existence fully in ____
A) 1942.
B) 1944.
C) 1945.
D) 1940.
56. United Nations Day is celebrated on ____
A) 24 October.
B) 24 April.
C) 26 October.
D) 25 June.
TEXT J First read the following questions. 57. Silk worms were introduced into Europe by ____ A. two Justinian monks. B. two countries of Constantinople. C. two Persian Monks. D. two Egyptian priests. 58. People began making shoes for each foot ____ A. in Roman Times. B. in the Middle Ages. C. in the eighteenth century. D. in the nineteenth century. Now go through TEXT quickly and answer questions 57 and 58. Cotton was not exported to Europe until the eighth century A.D. It was brought to Spain then by the Moors of North Africa. The Europeans liked the textile and began to make cotton cloth. By the fifteenth century, the cotton industry had spread from Spain to central Europe and the Low countries. When Columbus arrived in the West Indies, he found the Indians wearing cotton clothes. Pizarro, the Spanish conqueror of Peru, found that the Incas were growing cotton for use in the making of clothes. Magellan found the Brazilians swinging in cotton hammocks. And Cortes was so impressed by the beauty of the cotton tapestries and rugs that the Aztecs made, that he sent some of them as presents to King Charles II of Spain. The Chinese were the first people to make silk clothing, and for more than 2000 years, they were the only people in the world who knew how to make silk. The Chinese guarded the secret of their silk manufacture carefully. Their merchants grew rich in the silk trade with other Asian countries and Europe. Silk, in fact, was so expensive that it was known as the "cloth of king". During the region of Emperor Justinian of Constantinople, two Persian monks who lived in China brought silk worms to Europe. In the years that followed, Western Europeans learned how to grow silkworms and use the silk from the cocoons. Silk is still one of the most useful textile in clothing manufacture because of its extremely strong fibers. A thread of silk is two-thirds as strong as an iron wore of the same size and so smooth that dirt cannot cling to it easily. Two hundred years ago, most of the people of the world had little or no clothing. Clothing was taken care of very carefully and handed down from parents to children. Many people never owned a new garment in their lives, and except for the rich, no on had more than one outfit of clothes at a time. Primitive man made shoes long before he made permanent records on clay tablets or parchment scrolls. For many centuries, the shoemaker was interested only in covering the foot. Although he used fancy leathers and decorated shoes in many ways, he paid little attention to the fit of a shoe. In fact, it was only after 1850 that someone hit upon the idea of making different-shaped shoes for the left and the right foot.
57. Silk worms were introduced into Europe by ____
A) two Justinian monks.
B) two countries of Constantinople.
C) two Persian Monks.
D) two Egyptian priests.
58. People began making shoes for each foot ____
A) in Roman Times.
B) in the Middle Ages.
C) in the eighteenth century.
D) in the nineteenth century.
TEXT K First read the following questions. 59. Scurvy is a disease which causes ____ A. loss of blood. B. swollen limbs. C. exhaustion. D. bright red spot on the flesh. 60. The disease "beriberi" ____ A. kills large numbers of western peoples. B. is a vitamin deficiency disease. C. is transmitted by diseased rice. D. can be caught from diseased chickens. Now go through TEXT K quickly and answer questions 59 and 60. In the early days of sea travel, seamen on ling voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy, a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The mens lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors. Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called "vitamin". Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in flesh and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility to colds and influenza. The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting, or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins. Another example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as "beriberi", which used to afflict large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of this century a Dutch scientist called Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beriberi. At first he thought it was transmitted by a germ. He was working in a Japanese hospital where the patients were fed on rice which had had the outer husk removed from the grain. It was thought this would be easier for weak sick people to digest. Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on scraps from the patients plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ he thought was causing the disease but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who decreed that the huskless polished rice, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked and the chickens fed on cheap, coarse rice with the outer covering still on the grain. Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating unmilled rice somehow prevented or cured beriberi——even that a lack of some ingredient in the husk might be the cause of the disease. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent beriberi was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as vitamin B. The milled rice, though more expensive was in fact perpetuating the disease the hospital was trying to cure. Nowadays, this terrible diseases is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins.
59. Scurvy is a disease which causes ____
A) loss of blood.
B) swollen limbs.
C) exhaustion.
D) bright red spot on the flesh.
60. The disease "beriberi" ____
A) kills large numbers of western peoples.
B) is a vitamin deficiency disease.
C) is transmitted by diseased rice.
D) can be caught from diseased chickens.