經(jīng)濟(jì)·economy （2）
135.mass production ：大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)
The manufacturing of goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines.
利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件和生產(chǎn)線大批量生產(chǎn)商品
Mass production allows a lot of people to enjoy a particular product at a more reasonable price.
大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)使得很多人能以更為便宜的價格享用某種產(chǎn)品。
136.microeconomics ：微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)
The branch of economics that deals with single units of production and consumption.
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的分支，研究生產(chǎn)和消費的單個單位。
Microeconomics in the future will lead to more customization and specialization of products for consumers.
在未來微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)會導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品的專業(yè)化和客戶化以方便顧客。
137.mogul ：商業(yè)巨頭
Informal. A rich and powerful person in business or industry.
非正式用語。商業(yè)或產(chǎn)業(yè)界的富有且勢力大的人物。
We watched a television interview of an entertainment mogul who had amassed a fortune of over $ 100 million.
我們收看了一段電視訪談，采訪對象是一位擁有一億多美元資產(chǎn)的娛樂業(yè)巨頭。
138.mommy track ：母親路線
A career path in which a woman declines rapid advancement in order to spend time with her family.
女性的職業(yè)模式。指女性不愿晉升過快，以便有更多時間和家人相處。
Millions of women in the 1990s are choosing the mommy track over climbing the corporate ladder.
90年代，數(shù)以百萬計的婦女寧愿走母親路線也不愿攀登公司的官階。
139.monopoly ：壟斷
A domination of the market by a single company.
由單一公司統(tǒng)治市場的局面。
The breakup of monopolies creates competition, which leads to better quality and lower prices for the public.
打破壟斷可以產(chǎn)生競爭，這會給公眾帶來更好的質(zhì)量和更低的價格。
140.oligopoly ：寡頭壟斷
A market condition in which there are few sellers, enabling them to influence price and other factors.
少數(shù)商家占有市場，因此他們可以操縱價格和其他因素。
The U.S. auto industry is an oligopoly, because there are only three main producers.
美國汽車工業(yè)是寡頭壟斷的行業(yè)，因為只有3家主安生產(chǎn)商。
141.Pac Man defense ：帕克曼防衛(wèi) 17
An attempt to prevent a hostile takeover in which a targeted company bids to take over the hostile firm.
被定為兼并對象的公司通過出價收購敵對公司，從而阻止其惡意收購。
The out-throat 1980s made strategies like Pac Man defense essential to companies who wanted to survive a hostile takeover.
在競爭殘酷無情的80年代，對于那些希望躲過惡意兼并的公司來說，帕克曼防衛(wèi)之類的戰(zhàn)略手段太重要了。
142.Paper profit ：紙上盈利
An unrealized profit due to appreciation in value of something owned but not yet sold.
對擁有的某種商品進(jìn)行估價而計算出來的利潤，因為商品沒有出手，利潤尚未實現(xiàn)。
Jack’s business showed a paper profit last year simply due to the appreciation.
因為評估了公司的所有的資產(chǎn)，去年杰克的生意才有紙上盈利。
143.paradigm shift ：改組
A term by a CEO to inform his company that there will be major changes made.
公司總裁通知公司上下將有重大變化時所用的詞。
The CEO of a major computer software manufacture announced a paradigm shift to his executives today.
一家大型軟件生產(chǎn)商的總裁今天宣布要對其管理人員進(jìn)行改組。
144.Peter Principle ：彼得原則
A statement that every employee in a hierarchy tends to rise to the level of his or her incompetence.
一種認(rèn)為在等級森嚴(yán)的公司里，每個職員都想升到其無法勝任的位置的說法。
The term “Peter Principle” has become quite popular among the American work force.
在美國的勞動力大軍里，?？陕牭健北说迷瓌t”這個術(shù)語。
145.poison pill ：反兼并手段，毒丸
Any of various methods devised by a company to thwart a hostile takeover attempt, such as by issuing new stock or instituting a generous package of employee benefits, which would prove costly to a potential acquirer.
公司為挫敗敵意兼并所采取的各式各樣的方法，如發(fā)行新股票，為雇員制定慷慨的福利計劃。這會使?jié)撛诘募娌⒄吒械酱鷥r昂貴而放棄兼并。
146.power lunch ：事務(wù)餐
A business lunch where food is an afterthought to intense dealmaking and negotiation.
在工作午餐上，忙于緊張的交易和談判而顧不上吃飯。
We’re discussing the possibilities of a company merger over a power lunch this afternoon.
今天下午我們在事務(wù)餐上討論了公司合并的可能性。
147.productivity ：生產(chǎn)力
A measure of ability to produce output from given input
一定投入得到產(chǎn)出的能力的衡量尺度。
Productivity at the XYZ company was up slightly this month over last.
XYZ公司本月的生產(chǎn)比上月略有提高。
148.quality control ：質(zhì)量管理
Techniques used to eliminate defective products or to improve performance standards and practices.
采用技術(shù)以消除次品，或提高經(jīng)營水平。
No company can afford to neglect quality control if they wish to remain competitive in the new global economy.
任何一家公司要想在新的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中保持競爭力，就不得不重視質(zhì)量管理。
149.raw goods ：原材料商品
Materials gathered in original state from nature for use in production.
源于自然，收購來用于生產(chǎn)的原始材料。
Knowledge and information are becoming the most valuable assets to a company while raw goods are becoming less and 18
less valuable.
知識和信息正成為公司最有價值的資產(chǎn)，而原材料商品的價值越來越低。
150.recession ：衰退
A period of no growth in the national economy for at least six months.
國民經(jīng)濟(jì)在至少6個月的時間里沒有任何增長。
A recession is characterized by a decreased demand for goods, increased unemployment, and decline in the gross national product.
衰退的特點是需求下降，失業(yè)增加，國民生產(chǎn)總值減少。
151.recovery ：復(fù)蘇
An increase in business activity following a recession or depression.
在經(jīng)歷衰退或蕭條之后出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)營活動的增加。
Economists often disagree on whether the U.S. is in a recovery or not.
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)是否已經(jīng)復(fù)蘇看法不一。
152.sanction ：制載
Coercive economic restrictions placed on one nation by another.
一國施加給另一國的強(qiáng)制性經(jīng)濟(jì)限制。
The two superpowers are currently negotiating trade sanctions.
兩個超級大國目前正就貿(mào)易制載進(jìn)行談判。
153.service economy ：服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)
An economy that emphasizes services over industrial production.
強(qiáng)調(diào)服務(wù)甚于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)。
You can enjoy almost anything you want in today’s service economy.
在今天的服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，你可以享受到幾乎任何形式的服務(wù)。
154.slump ：疲軟
A decline in business activity.
經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的減少。
The car industry has been in a slump since the beginning of the year.
汽車工業(yè)從年初起就一直疲軟。
155.smokestack industry ：濃煙工業(yè)
A term that refers to heavy manufacturing, such as steel or automobile manufacturing.
指重工業(yè)，如鋼鐵和汽車制造業(yè)。
Information and entertainment is replacing the smokestack industry as the new major methods of creating wealth in the economy.
信息和娛樂業(yè)正代替濃煙工業(yè)，在經(jīng)濟(jì)中充當(dāng)創(chuàng)造財富的新型手段。
156.socioeconomic ：社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的
A term used to describe the connection of social and economic factors.
用以描述社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的聯(lián)系。
The study of socioeconomic factors is important in order to understand various groups within society.
要了解社會的各個群體，必須研究社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的種種因素。
135.mass production ：大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)
The manufacturing of goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines.
利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件和生產(chǎn)線大批量生產(chǎn)商品
Mass production allows a lot of people to enjoy a particular product at a more reasonable price.
大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)使得很多人能以更為便宜的價格享用某種產(chǎn)品。
136.microeconomics ：微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)
The branch of economics that deals with single units of production and consumption.
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的分支，研究生產(chǎn)和消費的單個單位。
Microeconomics in the future will lead to more customization and specialization of products for consumers.
在未來微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)會導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品的專業(yè)化和客戶化以方便顧客。
137.mogul ：商業(yè)巨頭
Informal. A rich and powerful person in business or industry.
非正式用語。商業(yè)或產(chǎn)業(yè)界的富有且勢力大的人物。
We watched a television interview of an entertainment mogul who had amassed a fortune of over $ 100 million.
我們收看了一段電視訪談，采訪對象是一位擁有一億多美元資產(chǎn)的娛樂業(yè)巨頭。
138.mommy track ：母親路線
A career path in which a woman declines rapid advancement in order to spend time with her family.
女性的職業(yè)模式。指女性不愿晉升過快，以便有更多時間和家人相處。
Millions of women in the 1990s are choosing the mommy track over climbing the corporate ladder.
90年代，數(shù)以百萬計的婦女寧愿走母親路線也不愿攀登公司的官階。
139.monopoly ：壟斷
A domination of the market by a single company.
由單一公司統(tǒng)治市場的局面。
The breakup of monopolies creates competition, which leads to better quality and lower prices for the public.
打破壟斷可以產(chǎn)生競爭，這會給公眾帶來更好的質(zhì)量和更低的價格。
140.oligopoly ：寡頭壟斷
A market condition in which there are few sellers, enabling them to influence price and other factors.
少數(shù)商家占有市場，因此他們可以操縱價格和其他因素。
The U.S. auto industry is an oligopoly, because there are only three main producers.
美國汽車工業(yè)是寡頭壟斷的行業(yè)，因為只有3家主安生產(chǎn)商。
141.Pac Man defense ：帕克曼防衛(wèi) 17
An attempt to prevent a hostile takeover in which a targeted company bids to take over the hostile firm.
被定為兼并對象的公司通過出價收購敵對公司，從而阻止其惡意收購。
The out-throat 1980s made strategies like Pac Man defense essential to companies who wanted to survive a hostile takeover.
在競爭殘酷無情的80年代，對于那些希望躲過惡意兼并的公司來說，帕克曼防衛(wèi)之類的戰(zhàn)略手段太重要了。
142.Paper profit ：紙上盈利
An unrealized profit due to appreciation in value of something owned but not yet sold.
對擁有的某種商品進(jìn)行估價而計算出來的利潤，因為商品沒有出手，利潤尚未實現(xiàn)。
Jack’s business showed a paper profit last year simply due to the appreciation.
因為評估了公司的所有的資產(chǎn)，去年杰克的生意才有紙上盈利。
143.paradigm shift ：改組
A term by a CEO to inform his company that there will be major changes made.
公司總裁通知公司上下將有重大變化時所用的詞。
The CEO of a major computer software manufacture announced a paradigm shift to his executives today.
一家大型軟件生產(chǎn)商的總裁今天宣布要對其管理人員進(jìn)行改組。
144.Peter Principle ：彼得原則
A statement that every employee in a hierarchy tends to rise to the level of his or her incompetence.
一種認(rèn)為在等級森嚴(yán)的公司里，每個職員都想升到其無法勝任的位置的說法。
The term “Peter Principle” has become quite popular among the American work force.
在美國的勞動力大軍里，?？陕牭健北说迷瓌t”這個術(shù)語。
145.poison pill ：反兼并手段，毒丸
Any of various methods devised by a company to thwart a hostile takeover attempt, such as by issuing new stock or instituting a generous package of employee benefits, which would prove costly to a potential acquirer.
公司為挫敗敵意兼并所采取的各式各樣的方法，如發(fā)行新股票，為雇員制定慷慨的福利計劃。這會使?jié)撛诘募娌⒄吒械酱鷥r昂貴而放棄兼并。
146.power lunch ：事務(wù)餐
A business lunch where food is an afterthought to intense dealmaking and negotiation.
在工作午餐上，忙于緊張的交易和談判而顧不上吃飯。
We’re discussing the possibilities of a company merger over a power lunch this afternoon.
今天下午我們在事務(wù)餐上討論了公司合并的可能性。
147.productivity ：生產(chǎn)力
A measure of ability to produce output from given input
一定投入得到產(chǎn)出的能力的衡量尺度。
Productivity at the XYZ company was up slightly this month over last.
XYZ公司本月的生產(chǎn)比上月略有提高。
148.quality control ：質(zhì)量管理
Techniques used to eliminate defective products or to improve performance standards and practices.
采用技術(shù)以消除次品，或提高經(jīng)營水平。
No company can afford to neglect quality control if they wish to remain competitive in the new global economy.
任何一家公司要想在新的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中保持競爭力，就不得不重視質(zhì)量管理。
149.raw goods ：原材料商品
Materials gathered in original state from nature for use in production.
源于自然，收購來用于生產(chǎn)的原始材料。
Knowledge and information are becoming the most valuable assets to a company while raw goods are becoming less and 18
less valuable.
知識和信息正成為公司最有價值的資產(chǎn)，而原材料商品的價值越來越低。
150.recession ：衰退
A period of no growth in the national economy for at least six months.
國民經(jīng)濟(jì)在至少6個月的時間里沒有任何增長。
A recession is characterized by a decreased demand for goods, increased unemployment, and decline in the gross national product.
衰退的特點是需求下降，失業(yè)增加，國民生產(chǎn)總值減少。
151.recovery ：復(fù)蘇
An increase in business activity following a recession or depression.
在經(jīng)歷衰退或蕭條之后出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)營活動的增加。
Economists often disagree on whether the U.S. is in a recovery or not.
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)是否已經(jīng)復(fù)蘇看法不一。
152.sanction ：制載
Coercive economic restrictions placed on one nation by another.
一國施加給另一國的強(qiáng)制性經(jīng)濟(jì)限制。
The two superpowers are currently negotiating trade sanctions.
兩個超級大國目前正就貿(mào)易制載進(jìn)行談判。
153.service economy ：服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)
An economy that emphasizes services over industrial production.
強(qiáng)調(diào)服務(wù)甚于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)。
You can enjoy almost anything you want in today’s service economy.
在今天的服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，你可以享受到幾乎任何形式的服務(wù)。
154.slump ：疲軟
A decline in business activity.
經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的減少。
The car industry has been in a slump since the beginning of the year.
汽車工業(yè)從年初起就一直疲軟。
155.smokestack industry ：濃煙工業(yè)
A term that refers to heavy manufacturing, such as steel or automobile manufacturing.
指重工業(yè)，如鋼鐵和汽車制造業(yè)。
Information and entertainment is replacing the smokestack industry as the new major methods of creating wealth in the economy.
信息和娛樂業(yè)正代替濃煙工業(yè)，在經(jīng)濟(jì)中充當(dāng)創(chuàng)造財富的新型手段。
156.socioeconomic ：社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的
A term used to describe the connection of social and economic factors.
用以描述社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的聯(lián)系。
The study of socioeconomic factors is important in order to understand various groups within society.
要了解社會的各個群體，必須研究社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的種種因素。