C
Yellowstone Weather
Yellowstone National Park is at high altitude(海拔).Most of the park is above 7,500 feet (2,275 meters).
Yellowstone’s weather is unpredictable. In summer, it may be warm and sunny with temperatures in the high 70s. At night in any given month, the temperature may drop close to freezing. So it is best to come prepared for cold evenings and mornings, especially if you are camping or hiking. When you leave your campsite, please leave it prepared for possible thundershowers and wind.
A sunny warm day may become fiercely stormy with wind, rain, sleet and sometimes snow. Without enough clothing, an easy day hike or boat trip can turn into a battle for survival.
Seasonal Weather Information
Spring
Cold and snow continue into May, although
temperatures gradually climb. Early in spring, daytime temperatures average in the 40s to 50s; by late May and June, they may reach the 60s and 70s. Nighttime lows fall below freezing.
Summer
Daytime temperatures are usually in the 70s, occasionally reaching the 80s in the lower elevations(高度).Nights are cool, temperatures may drop in the 40s and 30s —sometimes even the 20s. June can be cool and rainy; July and August tend to be somewhat drier, although afternoon thundershowers are common.
Fall
Weather can be pleasant, although temperatures average 10-20 degrees lower than summer readings. Nighttime lows can fall into the teens and lower. Snowstorms increase in frequency as the weeks go by or towards the end of the fall season.
Winter
Temperatures often stay near zero throughout the day, occasionally reaching high in the 20s. Subzero nighttime lows are common. Annual snowfall averages nearly 150 inches in most of the park. At higher places, 200-400 inches of snow have been recorded.
64. The author writes this passage most probably for those who plan to ________ in Yellowstone National Park.
A. do research work B. take a business trip
C. have sports games D. Spend their holidays or take a tour
65. Which of the following best describes Yellowstone’s weather?
A. Yellowstone’s weather is generally changeable and it snows most of the year.
B. It’s neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter.
C. Weather in fall is pleasant and temperatures never fall below freezing.
D. It’s pretty warm in the day and very cold at night throughout the year.
66. If you are planning to spend your holiday in Yellowstone National Park in summer, what should you take with you?
A. Just some light clothing such as T-shirts or skirts.
B. Just some warm clothing such as sweaters and coats.
C. Both light clothing and warm clothing.
D. Either light clothing or warm clothing.
67. What does the underlined word “readings” refer to?
A. literature works B. books C. announcements D. figures
D
Seeing with Sound
Have you ever watched a dog lift up its ears and bark at the air? That dog has just heard a sound that is too high-pitched(聲調(diào)高的)for you to hear.
The Science of Sound
Objects that are vibrating(振動)，moving back and forth quickly, make sounds. Rhythmic sound vibrations produce sound waves. Sound waves travel in every direction. The frequency of a sound is the number of waves that pass a given point each second. The more rapidly and object vibrates, the greater the frequency of sound it makes. Frequency is measured in hertz. One hertz equals one sound wave per second.
The frequency of sound determines the degree of highness or lowness of the sound. A high-pitched sound has a higher frequency than a low-pitched sound. Humans hear sounds that have frequencies from about 20 hertz to 20,000 hertz..
Seeing with Sound
Sound with a frequency higher than 20,000 hertz is called ultrasound. In other words, ultrasound is too high-pitched for humans to hear. However, many animals can hear ultrasound. Bats can hear higher sounds than any other animal. Some can hear up to 210,000 hertz. Bats send out lots of high-pitched squeaks(吱吱叫聲)and then listen to the echoes bouncing(彈跳)off things like insects. The shorter the time interval between the squeak and the echo, the closer they are to the insect. Using sound to find or “see” things is called echolocation.
Dolphin Sounds
Another animal that uses ultrasound is the dolphin. Dolphins can hear sounds up to about 150,000 hertz. Dolphins use sound waves to find food underwater. They make clicking sounds that hit whatever is around them and then bounce back to the dolphins. Dolphins can send as many as 2,000 clicks per second. Dolphins’ ultrasound ability is so sensitive that they can detect small fish from 10 feet (3m) away.
Now what about that dog that heard a sound that you did not? The sound was his owner using an ultrasonic whistle to call him home. Because dogs can hear up to 50,000 hertz, the dog at the park will head home.
68. To be able to hear ultrasound, you must be able to hear______.
A. less than 20 hertz B. exactly 20,000 hertz
C. less than 20,000 hertz D. more than 20,000 hertz
69. Which animal can hear the highest ultrasound according to the passage?
A. A bat. B. A dog. C. A dolphin. D. A human.
70. Which of the following statements is an example of echolocation?
A. The bat caught the insect in midair and flew off to eat it.
B. The dolphin made clicking sounds that bounced off the fish and back to it.
C. The person heard an echo when he shouted into the valley.
D. The dog heard his owner’s ultrasonic whistle because he used ultrasound.
E
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have ever taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority(優(yōu)先)it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities(復(fù)雜性)of spelling.
If spelling becomes the only focal(焦點的)point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is terrible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong t draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (動機)to seek improvement.
71. Teachers are different in their opinions about________.
A. the difficulties in teaching spelling
B. the role of spelling in general language development
C. the complexities of the basic writing skills
D. the necessity of teaching spelling
72. The underlined expression “play safe” probably means______.
A. to write carefully B. to do as teachers say
C. to use dictionaries frequently D. to avoid using words one is not sure of
73. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that________.
A. students will be able be able to express their ideas more freely
B. students will have more confidence in writing
C. teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakes
D. students will learn to be independent of teachers
74. The author seems to think that the teacher’s judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is _________.
A. unfair B. reasonable C. foolish D. careless
75. The major point discussed in the passage is _________.
A. the importance of developing writing skills
B. the complexities of spelling
C. the correct way of marking compositions
D. the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition
Yellowstone Weather
Yellowstone National Park is at high altitude(海拔).Most of the park is above 7,500 feet (2,275 meters).
Yellowstone’s weather is unpredictable. In summer, it may be warm and sunny with temperatures in the high 70s. At night in any given month, the temperature may drop close to freezing. So it is best to come prepared for cold evenings and mornings, especially if you are camping or hiking. When you leave your campsite, please leave it prepared for possible thundershowers and wind.
A sunny warm day may become fiercely stormy with wind, rain, sleet and sometimes snow. Without enough clothing, an easy day hike or boat trip can turn into a battle for survival.
Seasonal Weather Information
Spring
Cold and snow continue into May, although
temperatures gradually climb. Early in spring, daytime temperatures average in the 40s to 50s; by late May and June, they may reach the 60s and 70s. Nighttime lows fall below freezing.
Summer
Daytime temperatures are usually in the 70s, occasionally reaching the 80s in the lower elevations(高度).Nights are cool, temperatures may drop in the 40s and 30s —sometimes even the 20s. June can be cool and rainy; July and August tend to be somewhat drier, although afternoon thundershowers are common.
Fall
Weather can be pleasant, although temperatures average 10-20 degrees lower than summer readings. Nighttime lows can fall into the teens and lower. Snowstorms increase in frequency as the weeks go by or towards the end of the fall season.
Winter
Temperatures often stay near zero throughout the day, occasionally reaching high in the 20s. Subzero nighttime lows are common. Annual snowfall averages nearly 150 inches in most of the park. At higher places, 200-400 inches of snow have been recorded.
64. The author writes this passage most probably for those who plan to ________ in Yellowstone National Park.
A. do research work B. take a business trip
C. have sports games D. Spend their holidays or take a tour
65. Which of the following best describes Yellowstone’s weather?
A. Yellowstone’s weather is generally changeable and it snows most of the year.
B. It’s neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter.
C. Weather in fall is pleasant and temperatures never fall below freezing.
D. It’s pretty warm in the day and very cold at night throughout the year.
66. If you are planning to spend your holiday in Yellowstone National Park in summer, what should you take with you?
A. Just some light clothing such as T-shirts or skirts.
B. Just some warm clothing such as sweaters and coats.
C. Both light clothing and warm clothing.
D. Either light clothing or warm clothing.
67. What does the underlined word “readings” refer to?
A. literature works B. books C. announcements D. figures
D
Seeing with Sound
Have you ever watched a dog lift up its ears and bark at the air? That dog has just heard a sound that is too high-pitched(聲調(diào)高的)for you to hear.
The Science of Sound
Objects that are vibrating(振動)，moving back and forth quickly, make sounds. Rhythmic sound vibrations produce sound waves. Sound waves travel in every direction. The frequency of a sound is the number of waves that pass a given point each second. The more rapidly and object vibrates, the greater the frequency of sound it makes. Frequency is measured in hertz. One hertz equals one sound wave per second.
The frequency of sound determines the degree of highness or lowness of the sound. A high-pitched sound has a higher frequency than a low-pitched sound. Humans hear sounds that have frequencies from about 20 hertz to 20,000 hertz..
Seeing with Sound
Sound with a frequency higher than 20,000 hertz is called ultrasound. In other words, ultrasound is too high-pitched for humans to hear. However, many animals can hear ultrasound. Bats can hear higher sounds than any other animal. Some can hear up to 210,000 hertz. Bats send out lots of high-pitched squeaks(吱吱叫聲)and then listen to the echoes bouncing(彈跳)off things like insects. The shorter the time interval between the squeak and the echo, the closer they are to the insect. Using sound to find or “see” things is called echolocation.
Dolphin Sounds
Another animal that uses ultrasound is the dolphin. Dolphins can hear sounds up to about 150,000 hertz. Dolphins use sound waves to find food underwater. They make clicking sounds that hit whatever is around them and then bounce back to the dolphins. Dolphins can send as many as 2,000 clicks per second. Dolphins’ ultrasound ability is so sensitive that they can detect small fish from 10 feet (3m) away.
Now what about that dog that heard a sound that you did not? The sound was his owner using an ultrasonic whistle to call him home. Because dogs can hear up to 50,000 hertz, the dog at the park will head home.
68. To be able to hear ultrasound, you must be able to hear______.
A. less than 20 hertz B. exactly 20,000 hertz
C. less than 20,000 hertz D. more than 20,000 hertz
69. Which animal can hear the highest ultrasound according to the passage?
A. A bat. B. A dog. C. A dolphin. D. A human.
70. Which of the following statements is an example of echolocation?
A. The bat caught the insect in midair and flew off to eat it.
B. The dolphin made clicking sounds that bounced off the fish and back to it.
C. The person heard an echo when he shouted into the valley.
D. The dog heard his owner’s ultrasonic whistle because he used ultrasound.
E
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have ever taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority(優(yōu)先)it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities(復(fù)雜性)of spelling.
If spelling becomes the only focal(焦點的)point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is terrible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong t draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (動機)to seek improvement.
71. Teachers are different in their opinions about________.
A. the difficulties in teaching spelling
B. the role of spelling in general language development
C. the complexities of the basic writing skills
D. the necessity of teaching spelling
72. The underlined expression “play safe” probably means______.
A. to write carefully B. to do as teachers say
C. to use dictionaries frequently D. to avoid using words one is not sure of
73. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that________.
A. students will be able be able to express their ideas more freely
B. students will have more confidence in writing
C. teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakes
D. students will learn to be independent of teachers
74. The author seems to think that the teacher’s judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is _________.
A. unfair B. reasonable C. foolish D. careless
75. The major point discussed in the passage is _________.
A. the importance of developing writing skills
B. the complexities of spelling
C. the correct way of marking compositions
D. the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition