印度向外資有限開放零售市場
India sets out its stall for global retailers
銳步(Reebok)、諾基亞(Nokia)、路易威登(Louis Vuitton)和古姿(Gucci)等全球品牌，將首次得以在印度擁有并經營自己的店鋪，因為共產黨支持的印度政府昨晚批準放寬外國直接投資法規(guī)。
Global brands such as Reebok, Nokia, Louis Vuitton and Gucci will for the first time be able to own and operate their own stores in India after the country’s communist-backed government last night approved a liberalisation of foreign direct investment rules.
印度政府同意外資在單一品牌零售企業(yè)中占據(jù)51%的股權，這是一攬子措施中最為引人注目的一點。這些措施旨在表明，印度政府決心啟動停滯的經濟改革計劃。
Consent to permit 51 per cent foreign investment in single brand retail operations was the most striking among a package of measures aimed at signalling the Indian government’s determination to kick-start a stalled programme of economic reforms.
然而，此次政策的有限放松，并沒有將印度的零售業(yè)全面開放。全球大的一些零售集團一直在私下要求這種全面開放。包括沃爾瑪(Wal-Mart)和特易購(Tesco)在內的公司大力游說，試圖獲準進入印度市場。目前，印度市場上占據(jù)支配地位的是900萬家“夫妻老婆”店。
However, the limited relaxation fell short of the wholesale opening of India’s retail sector that has been privately demanded by the world's most powerful retail groups. Companies including Wal-Mart and Tesco lobbied hard to be allowed into a market dominated by 9m “mom and pop” corner stores.
盡管如此，在達沃斯世界經濟論壇前夕，昨晚的一攬子改革措施將被視為一種強有力的推動。在該論壇上，一個龐大的印度代表團將大力推介印度經濟。這個代表團的成員包括印度私企信心工業(yè)(Reliance Industries)的董事長穆克什·安巴尼(Mukesh Ambani)，以及印度第二大高科技公司信息系統(tǒng)公司(Infosys)的首席執(zhí)行官南丹·尼勒卡尼(Nandan Nilekani)。
Last night's package of reforms will nonetheless be seen as a notable boost on the eve of the World Economic Forum at Davos, where a large Indian delegation, including Mukesh Ambani, chairman of Reliance Industries, India’s largest private sector company, and Nandan Nilekani, head of Infosys, the country's second biggest technology company, will be cheerleading for the Indian economy.
“這是15年來外國直接投資首次得到通盤考慮，以消除反常與前后不一致的情況，”印度工商部長卡邁勒·納特(Kamal Nath)對《金融時報》表示?！案鞴緦⒈辉试S在單一品牌下，出售在世界各地銷售的商品。擁有多個品牌的零售商將不會被允許這么做，即便這些品牌商品是同一家公司生產的，”他補充說。
“This is the first time in 15 years that FDI has been reviewed in an integrated manner to remove anomalies and inconsistencies,” Kamal Nath, India's commerce minister, told the Financial Times. “Companies will be allowed to sell goods sold internationally under a single brand. Retailers of multiple brands, even if they are made by the same company, will not be allowed,” he added.
迄今為止，在印度市場，海外零售商只有與本土伙伴進行合作，通過專賣安排才能經營，這與中國形成了對比。中國已向外國投資者開放零售業(yè)?！灸F(xiàn)在閱讀的文章來自“中國學習考試網”，請記住我們的永久域名：www.stu88.com 】
International retailers have until now been able to operate in India only through franchise arrangements with local partners, in contrast to China, which has thrown open its high streets to foreign investors.
目前，印度商務部還未清楚說明，它將如何實施上述謹慎的新政策。盡管印度產業(yè)機構進行了許多努力，以維持零售業(yè)在盡可能長的時間里不對外國競爭開放，但政府還是出臺了這些新政策。
India’s commerce ministry has yet to spell out how it will apply the cautious new policy, which has emerged despite an intense campaign by Indian industrial houses to keep the retail sector closed to foreign competition for as long as possible.
2006年1月26日 星期四
知名企業(yè)擬推“紅色”品牌 幫助抗擊艾滋
Bono sees Red as way to fight Aids scourge
美國運通(American Express)、匡威(Converse)、Gap和喬治·阿瑪尼(Giorgio Armani)公司正與搖滾歌星波諾(Bono)聯(lián)手，創(chuàng)立一個名為“紅色”的新品牌，并推出一系列“紅色”商品，其部分營收將用于幫助非洲抗擊艾滋病。
American Express, Converse, Gap and Giorgio Armani are joining Bono, the rock star, to sell products under a new brand – “Red” – that would dedicate some of its revenues to the fight against Aids in Africa.
其中，美國運通將推出一種“美國運通紅色”(Amex Red)信用卡 ，首發(fā)地選在英國。這種信用卡的發(fā)行對象是預估數(shù)量達150萬的“良知消費者”(conscience consumers)，這些人被視為最有可能購買與社會公益相關的產品。
The effort will include the creation of an Amex Red credit card that will be marketed first in the UK, aimed at an estimated 1.5m “conscience consumers” who are seen as more likely to buy products that are associated with a social benefit.
其它將于今年春季上市的“紅色”品牌產品，包括由非洲泥布制作的匡威運動鞋，一系列包括紅色和其它顏色的經典風格新款Gap T恤衫，以及帶有“紅色”壓紋標識的面罩型Emporio Armani太陽鏡。
Other Red products to be sold this spring will include Converse sports shoes made with African mud-cloth, a new line of Gap vintage-style T-shirts – in red and other colours – and wraparound Emporio Armani sun glasses embossed with a Red logo.
“紅色”品牌的擁有者波諾表示：“‘紅色’是一個21世紀的創(chuàng)意。我認為，從事‘紅色’事業(yè)，做善事，將成為企業(yè)的優(yōu)質業(yè)務?！?BR> Bono, the owner of the brand, said: “Red is a 21st century idea. I think doing the Red thing, doing good, will turn out to be good business for them.”
有關各方計劃今日在瑞士達沃斯世界經濟論壇(World Economic Forum)上公布“紅色”項目。此舉是那些擔心電視廣告正在失效的大公司發(fā)起的一系列激進營銷實驗中最新的舉措。
The venture, scheduled to be announced today at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, is the latest in a series of radical marketing experiments by big companies worried that television advertising is losing its punch.
這些大公司采取這些措施，例如寶潔公司(Procter & Gamble)推出Pampers.com信息網站，很多是利用公益事業(yè)來吸引顧客關注，這就是一些人所稱的“企業(yè)社會機遇”(corporate social opportunity)。
Many of these efforts, such as Procter & Gamble’s Pampers.com information web site, are based on the idea of using good works or services to gain consumer attention – a notion some people are calling “corporate social opportunity”.
“紅色”項目的部分收入將捐給全球基金(Global Fund)。后者作為一家政府、民間社會、私營部門和相關社區(qū)的合作聯(lián)盟，自2002年創(chuàng)建起，已向艾滋病、肺結核和瘧疾項目提供了45億美元的資金?！凹t色”項目的捐贈，將主要針對為婦女和兒童服務的抗艾滋病項目。
The money from Red will go to the Global Fund, a public-private partnership that has committed $4.5bn for Aids, tuberculosis and malaria programmes since it was creating in 2002. The focus of the Red donations will be on Aids programmes for women and children.
美國運通已同意捐出“紅色”信用卡交易額的1%。此外，對于年消費額超過5000英鎊的帳戶，美國運通還將捐出超額部分的1.25%。
Amex has agreed to contribute 1 per cent of Red card transactions, plus 1.25 per cent of any spending above ￡5,000 a year.
以“紅色”為品牌，是因為這種顏色代表緊急情況。波諾有一句的歌詞：艾滋病不是事業(yè)、而是危機。
Red was picked as the brand name because it is the colour of emergencies, echoing Bono’s well-known refrain that Aids is not a cause, but an emergency.
2006年1月27日 星期五
美國擬改革針對外資的審查程序
US plans reform of scrutiny panel to reassure investors
美國政府將在全球范圍發(fā)起一輪宣傳攻勢，說服外國投資者相信：美國一直致力于“開放的投資政策”。而僅在數(shù)月前，由于美國國會的巨大政治壓力，中國石油公司中海油(CNOOC)被迫放棄了對美國能源集團優(yōu)尼科(Unocal)接近200億美元的競購。優(yōu)尼科總部位于加利福尼亞州。
The US administration is launching an international campaign to persuade foreign investors that it is committed to an “open investment policy”, just months after intense political pressure in Congress forced CNOOC, the Chinese oil company, to abandon its multi-billion dollar bid for California-based Unocal.
美國財政部副部長羅伯特·金米特(Robert Kimmitt)在今日的《金融時報》上撰文稱，政府將對美國外國投資委員會(CFIUS)進行改革。這是一個由美國財政部領導的跨部門小組，行事隱秘。它以國家安全為宗旨，對外國收購美國資產的交易進行審核。改革的目的是提高審查過程的確定性和透明度。
Robert Kimmitt, the deputy Treasury secretary, writes in today’s FT that the administration will implement reforms to the Committee on Foreign Investments in the US, the secretive inter-agency panel chaired by the Treasury department that vets foreign takeovers of assets on national security grounds. The reforms are aimed at bringing greater certainty and transparency to the process.
金米特今天還將在達沃斯召開的世界經濟論壇(World Economic Forum)上，就這一問題發(fā)表講話。
Mr Kimmitt will also speak on the issue today at the World Economic Forum in Davos.
盡管美國國會壓力是迫使中海油放棄競購優(yōu)尼科的主要原因，但此次華盛頓的反華風暴，引發(fā)了對于美國外國投資委員會角色的新疑問。該委員會有權阻止其認為可能危及國家安全的外國收購。
Although pressure from Congress was largely responsible for forcing CNOOC to withdraw its bid for Unocal, the anti-China storm in Washington prompted new questions about the role of CFIUS, which has the power to block foreign takeovers deemed a risk to US security.
擔心中海油的競標可能招致美國外國投資委員會的審查，是優(yōu)尼科決定接受美國石油公司雪佛龍(Chevron)出價的重要原因。
Fears that the CNOOC bid would be tied up in the CFIUS review were a significant factor in Unocal’s decision to accept a competing offer from Chevron, the US oil company.
一位美國財政部高級官員表示，行政方面的改革包括：指派更多資深政策人士監(jiān)督美國外國投資委員會的審核，增強國會對審核過程的了解程度，并要求相關企業(yè)在過程早期，與美國外國投資委員會就擬議中的交易進行非正式接觸，以便盡早就潛在問題展開討論。
A senior Treasury official said the administrative changes involve dedicating more senior policy staff to oversee CFIUS reviews, enhancing transparency to Congress about the process, and asking companies to approach CFIUS informally with their proposed deals earlier in the process in order to begin talks about potential issues as soon as possible.
但這些舉措似乎無法限制美國外國投資委員會在審查外國收購方面所擁有的廣泛權力，而且在某些方面還有可能擴大這種權利。
But the moves do not appear to curb the broad powers that CFIUS has to review foreign takeovers, and may expand them in some ways.
例如，這位官員表示，美國對涉及外國政府補貼貸款的外國交易進行額外審核是合理的。在優(yōu)尼科之爭中，雪佛龍就提出了這個問題，稱中海油存在不公平的競爭優(yōu)勢，因為該公司能夠獲得國家提供的資金。
The official said, for instance, that it was legitimate for the US to subject foreign deals that involve subsidised loans by a foreign state to extra scrutiny. Chevron raised the issue during the Unocal debate, saying that the CNOOC approach had an unfair advantage because of its access to state financing.
India sets out its stall for global retailers
銳步(Reebok)、諾基亞(Nokia)、路易威登(Louis Vuitton)和古姿(Gucci)等全球品牌，將首次得以在印度擁有并經營自己的店鋪，因為共產黨支持的印度政府昨晚批準放寬外國直接投資法規(guī)。
Global brands such as Reebok, Nokia, Louis Vuitton and Gucci will for the first time be able to own and operate their own stores in India after the country’s communist-backed government last night approved a liberalisation of foreign direct investment rules.
印度政府同意外資在單一品牌零售企業(yè)中占據(jù)51%的股權，這是一攬子措施中最為引人注目的一點。這些措施旨在表明，印度政府決心啟動停滯的經濟改革計劃。
Consent to permit 51 per cent foreign investment in single brand retail operations was the most striking among a package of measures aimed at signalling the Indian government’s determination to kick-start a stalled programme of economic reforms.
然而，此次政策的有限放松，并沒有將印度的零售業(yè)全面開放。全球大的一些零售集團一直在私下要求這種全面開放。包括沃爾瑪(Wal-Mart)和特易購(Tesco)在內的公司大力游說，試圖獲準進入印度市場。目前，印度市場上占據(jù)支配地位的是900萬家“夫妻老婆”店。
However, the limited relaxation fell short of the wholesale opening of India’s retail sector that has been privately demanded by the world's most powerful retail groups. Companies including Wal-Mart and Tesco lobbied hard to be allowed into a market dominated by 9m “mom and pop” corner stores.
盡管如此，在達沃斯世界經濟論壇前夕，昨晚的一攬子改革措施將被視為一種強有力的推動。在該論壇上，一個龐大的印度代表團將大力推介印度經濟。這個代表團的成員包括印度私企信心工業(yè)(Reliance Industries)的董事長穆克什·安巴尼(Mukesh Ambani)，以及印度第二大高科技公司信息系統(tǒng)公司(Infosys)的首席執(zhí)行官南丹·尼勒卡尼(Nandan Nilekani)。
Last night's package of reforms will nonetheless be seen as a notable boost on the eve of the World Economic Forum at Davos, where a large Indian delegation, including Mukesh Ambani, chairman of Reliance Industries, India’s largest private sector company, and Nandan Nilekani, head of Infosys, the country's second biggest technology company, will be cheerleading for the Indian economy.
“這是15年來外國直接投資首次得到通盤考慮，以消除反常與前后不一致的情況，”印度工商部長卡邁勒·納特(Kamal Nath)對《金融時報》表示?！案鞴緦⒈辉试S在單一品牌下，出售在世界各地銷售的商品。擁有多個品牌的零售商將不會被允許這么做，即便這些品牌商品是同一家公司生產的，”他補充說。
“This is the first time in 15 years that FDI has been reviewed in an integrated manner to remove anomalies and inconsistencies,” Kamal Nath, India's commerce minister, told the Financial Times. “Companies will be allowed to sell goods sold internationally under a single brand. Retailers of multiple brands, even if they are made by the same company, will not be allowed,” he added.
迄今為止，在印度市場，海外零售商只有與本土伙伴進行合作，通過專賣安排才能經營，這與中國形成了對比。中國已向外國投資者開放零售業(yè)?！灸F(xiàn)在閱讀的文章來自“中國學習考試網”，請記住我們的永久域名：www.stu88.com 】
International retailers have until now been able to operate in India only through franchise arrangements with local partners, in contrast to China, which has thrown open its high streets to foreign investors.
目前，印度商務部還未清楚說明，它將如何實施上述謹慎的新政策。盡管印度產業(yè)機構進行了許多努力，以維持零售業(yè)在盡可能長的時間里不對外國競爭開放，但政府還是出臺了這些新政策。
India’s commerce ministry has yet to spell out how it will apply the cautious new policy, which has emerged despite an intense campaign by Indian industrial houses to keep the retail sector closed to foreign competition for as long as possible.
2006年1月26日 星期四
知名企業(yè)擬推“紅色”品牌 幫助抗擊艾滋
Bono sees Red as way to fight Aids scourge
美國運通(American Express)、匡威(Converse)、Gap和喬治·阿瑪尼(Giorgio Armani)公司正與搖滾歌星波諾(Bono)聯(lián)手，創(chuàng)立一個名為“紅色”的新品牌，并推出一系列“紅色”商品，其部分營收將用于幫助非洲抗擊艾滋病。
American Express, Converse, Gap and Giorgio Armani are joining Bono, the rock star, to sell products under a new brand – “Red” – that would dedicate some of its revenues to the fight against Aids in Africa.
其中，美國運通將推出一種“美國運通紅色”(Amex Red)信用卡 ，首發(fā)地選在英國。這種信用卡的發(fā)行對象是預估數(shù)量達150萬的“良知消費者”(conscience consumers)，這些人被視為最有可能購買與社會公益相關的產品。
The effort will include the creation of an Amex Red credit card that will be marketed first in the UK, aimed at an estimated 1.5m “conscience consumers” who are seen as more likely to buy products that are associated with a social benefit.
其它將于今年春季上市的“紅色”品牌產品，包括由非洲泥布制作的匡威運動鞋，一系列包括紅色和其它顏色的經典風格新款Gap T恤衫，以及帶有“紅色”壓紋標識的面罩型Emporio Armani太陽鏡。
Other Red products to be sold this spring will include Converse sports shoes made with African mud-cloth, a new line of Gap vintage-style T-shirts – in red and other colours – and wraparound Emporio Armani sun glasses embossed with a Red logo.
“紅色”品牌的擁有者波諾表示：“‘紅色’是一個21世紀的創(chuàng)意。我認為，從事‘紅色’事業(yè)，做善事，將成為企業(yè)的優(yōu)質業(yè)務?！?BR> Bono, the owner of the brand, said: “Red is a 21st century idea. I think doing the Red thing, doing good, will turn out to be good business for them.”
有關各方計劃今日在瑞士達沃斯世界經濟論壇(World Economic Forum)上公布“紅色”項目。此舉是那些擔心電視廣告正在失效的大公司發(fā)起的一系列激進營銷實驗中最新的舉措。
The venture, scheduled to be announced today at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, is the latest in a series of radical marketing experiments by big companies worried that television advertising is losing its punch.
這些大公司采取這些措施，例如寶潔公司(Procter & Gamble)推出Pampers.com信息網站，很多是利用公益事業(yè)來吸引顧客關注，這就是一些人所稱的“企業(yè)社會機遇”(corporate social opportunity)。
Many of these efforts, such as Procter & Gamble’s Pampers.com information web site, are based on the idea of using good works or services to gain consumer attention – a notion some people are calling “corporate social opportunity”.
“紅色”項目的部分收入將捐給全球基金(Global Fund)。后者作為一家政府、民間社會、私營部門和相關社區(qū)的合作聯(lián)盟，自2002年創(chuàng)建起，已向艾滋病、肺結核和瘧疾項目提供了45億美元的資金?！凹t色”項目的捐贈，將主要針對為婦女和兒童服務的抗艾滋病項目。
The money from Red will go to the Global Fund, a public-private partnership that has committed $4.5bn for Aids, tuberculosis and malaria programmes since it was creating in 2002. The focus of the Red donations will be on Aids programmes for women and children.
美國運通已同意捐出“紅色”信用卡交易額的1%。此外，對于年消費額超過5000英鎊的帳戶，美國運通還將捐出超額部分的1.25%。
Amex has agreed to contribute 1 per cent of Red card transactions, plus 1.25 per cent of any spending above ￡5,000 a year.
以“紅色”為品牌，是因為這種顏色代表緊急情況。波諾有一句的歌詞：艾滋病不是事業(yè)、而是危機。
Red was picked as the brand name because it is the colour of emergencies, echoing Bono’s well-known refrain that Aids is not a cause, but an emergency.
2006年1月27日 星期五
美國擬改革針對外資的審查程序
US plans reform of scrutiny panel to reassure investors
美國政府將在全球范圍發(fā)起一輪宣傳攻勢，說服外國投資者相信：美國一直致力于“開放的投資政策”。而僅在數(shù)月前，由于美國國會的巨大政治壓力，中國石油公司中海油(CNOOC)被迫放棄了對美國能源集團優(yōu)尼科(Unocal)接近200億美元的競購。優(yōu)尼科總部位于加利福尼亞州。
The US administration is launching an international campaign to persuade foreign investors that it is committed to an “open investment policy”, just months after intense political pressure in Congress forced CNOOC, the Chinese oil company, to abandon its multi-billion dollar bid for California-based Unocal.
美國財政部副部長羅伯特·金米特(Robert Kimmitt)在今日的《金融時報》上撰文稱，政府將對美國外國投資委員會(CFIUS)進行改革。這是一個由美國財政部領導的跨部門小組，行事隱秘。它以國家安全為宗旨，對外國收購美國資產的交易進行審核。改革的目的是提高審查過程的確定性和透明度。
Robert Kimmitt, the deputy Treasury secretary, writes in today’s FT that the administration will implement reforms to the Committee on Foreign Investments in the US, the secretive inter-agency panel chaired by the Treasury department that vets foreign takeovers of assets on national security grounds. The reforms are aimed at bringing greater certainty and transparency to the process.
金米特今天還將在達沃斯召開的世界經濟論壇(World Economic Forum)上，就這一問題發(fā)表講話。
Mr Kimmitt will also speak on the issue today at the World Economic Forum in Davos.
盡管美國國會壓力是迫使中海油放棄競購優(yōu)尼科的主要原因，但此次華盛頓的反華風暴，引發(fā)了對于美國外國投資委員會角色的新疑問。該委員會有權阻止其認為可能危及國家安全的外國收購。
Although pressure from Congress was largely responsible for forcing CNOOC to withdraw its bid for Unocal, the anti-China storm in Washington prompted new questions about the role of CFIUS, which has the power to block foreign takeovers deemed a risk to US security.
擔心中海油的競標可能招致美國外國投資委員會的審查，是優(yōu)尼科決定接受美國石油公司雪佛龍(Chevron)出價的重要原因。
Fears that the CNOOC bid would be tied up in the CFIUS review were a significant factor in Unocal’s decision to accept a competing offer from Chevron, the US oil company.
一位美國財政部高級官員表示，行政方面的改革包括：指派更多資深政策人士監(jiān)督美國外國投資委員會的審核，增強國會對審核過程的了解程度，并要求相關企業(yè)在過程早期，與美國外國投資委員會就擬議中的交易進行非正式接觸，以便盡早就潛在問題展開討論。
A senior Treasury official said the administrative changes involve dedicating more senior policy staff to oversee CFIUS reviews, enhancing transparency to Congress about the process, and asking companies to approach CFIUS informally with their proposed deals earlier in the process in order to begin talks about potential issues as soon as possible.
但這些舉措似乎無法限制美國外國投資委員會在審查外國收購方面所擁有的廣泛權力，而且在某些方面還有可能擴大這種權利。
But the moves do not appear to curb the broad powers that CFIUS has to review foreign takeovers, and may expand them in some ways.
例如，這位官員表示，美國對涉及外國政府補貼貸款的外國交易進行額外審核是合理的。在優(yōu)尼科之爭中，雪佛龍就提出了這個問題，稱中海油存在不公平的競爭優(yōu)勢，因為該公司能夠獲得國家提供的資金。
The official said, for instance, that it was legitimate for the US to subject foreign deals that involve subsidised loans by a foreign state to extra scrutiny. Chevron raised the issue during the Unocal debate, saying that the CNOOC approach had an unfair advantage because of its access to state financing.