(八)動詞
    1.動詞的概念及種類 動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞，按在句中的功用分為以下四種：
     類別
     用法及意戶
     例詞
     例句與說明
    實
    義
    動
    詞
     及物動詞（vt.）
     表動作或狀態(tài)，有完整詞義，后接賓語，能單獨作謂語
     like, enjoy,
    watch, want
     She likes watching TV.
    Do you enjoy listening to music?
    不及物動詞(vi.)
     表動作或狀態(tài)，有完整詞義，后接賓語，能單獨作謂語
     rise, come, arrive, happen
     That story happened last year.
    When did Tom arrive?
    連系動詞
     本身有詞義，但須與表語一起構成謂語
     表示“是”，“仍是”
     be, stay, remain
     She remains a teacher.
    表“變得”
     become, get, grow, fall, go,turn
     It’s getting warm.
    表“聽/看/聞/摸/嘗 起來”
     sound / look / smell / feel / taste
     That sounds a good idea.
    It tastes delicious.
    表“似乎”,“好象”
     seem,appear
     He seems all right.
    助動詞
     本身無意義不單獨作謂語
     謂語動詞是單獨的行為動詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時/過去時的句中幫助構成否定或疑問
     Do, Does, Did(位于句首構成一般問句)
     Does he speak English?
    Yes, he does.
    No, he doesn’t.
    He doesn’t speak English.
    don’t / doesn’t / didn’t(位于謂語動詞前來表否定)
     Jane didn’t go to school yesterday.
    與doing連用構成進行時
     be (not) doing
     She is doing her homework now.
    與done連用構成被動語態(tài)
     be done
     The tree was planed last year.
    與done連用構成完成時
     have / has / had done
     She has gone back.
    后接動詞原形構成將來時
     will/ shall do
     I shall do it.
    情態(tài)動詞
     本身有意義，但不能單獨作謂語，與主要動詞原形一起表示說話人的語氣，情態(tài)，沒有人稱、數(shù)的變化。
     表“能夠”
     can/could(沒其他形式)
    be able to(有各種時態(tài)與形式)
     Jane could swim when she was six.
    I’ll be able to speak French next year.
    表“許可”
     may(較正式)
    can(口語)
     You may smoke here.
    “can’t”不可以；“may not”不可以
    表“請求許可”
     can/could(用于一、二人稱)
    may/might(用于第一人稱)
     Can you help me?
    May I help you?=Can I help you?
    表“可能”
     can/could
    may/might(不用于問句)
     “can’t”只用于否定
    “may not / might not”不可能
    表“必須”
     must
    have to(可有各種時態(tài))
     “mustn’t”意為“不可以”，表禁止
    “don’t/doesn’t have to”意為“不必”
    表“應該”
     should,ought to有義務
    be supposed to
     shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不應該
    are not supposed to不應該
    表“一定”
     must
     Tom must be late.
    表“需要”
     need
     作情態(tài)動詞時常用于否定句，疑問句或條件從句
    作行為動詞時，常用于肯定句
    表“敢”
    表“請求指示”
     dare
    shall I / we / he…？
     —“Shall I open the door”?
    —“Sure,please.”
    Where shall we meet?
    表“向對方提出請求”
     Will / Would you please?
     —“Will you please open the door?”
    —“Sure.”
    詢問對方的意思
     Would you like to…?
     —“Would you like to try one more.”
    —“No,thank you.”
    表說話人的意愿
     shall
     You shall be back at ten。
    “命令、允諾、強制”等，用于二、三人稱
     He shall obey the rules.
    表“意愿”，用于各人稱
     will/would
     I will answer the phone.
    表“過去常常習慣于”
     used to
     過去曾有的動作/狀態(tài)；過去的習慣，此時相當于would；表次數(shù)時不用。
    would
     表過去動作的重復，有明確的時間狀語；表過去的次數(shù)時不用。
    表“祝愿”
     may
     May you succeed.
    2．動詞的基本形式及變化規(guī)則如下表：
    情況/形式
     原形
     現(xiàn)在分詞
     過去式
     過去分詞
    一般情況
     talk
     加-ing
    talking
     加-ed
    talked
     加-ed
    talked
    以e結尾
     remove
     去e加-ing
    removing
     加-d
    removed
     加-d
    removed
    以輔音字母加-y結尾
     carry
     加-ing
    carrying
     改y為i加-ed
    carried
     改y為i再加-ed
    carried
    以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)單詞
     stop
     雙寫結尾輔音字母加-ing
    stopping
     雙寫結尾輔音字母再加-ed
    stopped
     雙寫結尾輔音字母再加-ed
    stopped
    以s,x,sh,ch[tF]結尾的詞
     watch
     加-ing
    watching
     加-ed
    watched
     加-ed
    watched
    以ie結尾的詞
     tie
     改ie為y再加-ing
    tying
     加-d
    tied
     加-d
    tied