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        實(shí)用英語(yǔ):新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)學(xué)習(xí)日志Lesson59待續(xù)

        字號(hào):

        LESSON 59 IN OR OUT
            1.spend表示“在……上花時(shí)間”時(shí),后面如果跟名詞則用介詞on;如果跟動(dòng)名詞則用介詞in(在口語(yǔ)中in往往省略):
            Why don’t you spend more time on studies?
            你為什么不在學(xué)習(xí)上再多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間呢?
            I spent two weeks(in) reading this book.
            我花了兩星期的時(shí)間讀這本書(shū)。
            2.expert表示“做/干……的專家/高手”時(shí)后面通常用 at doing sth.;表示在某一領(lǐng)域是“專家”、“權(quán)威”時(shí)可用介詞in或on:
            John is an expert at driving a car.
            約翰是開(kāi)車高手。
            She is an expert in flowers.
            她是花卉方面的專家。
            Sam is an expert on that problem.
            薩姆是研究那個(gè)問(wèn)題的權(quán)威。
            3.表示目的的幾種方式:to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that
            (1)帶to的不定式及其變體in order to和so as to 可以用來(lái)表示目的:
            I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn French.
            我去法國(guó)居住,以便學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)。
            not to可以用于表示取舍:
            I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics.
            我去法國(guó)不是為了學(xué)法語(yǔ),而是為了學(xué)化學(xué)。
            so as not to/in order not to可以用于表示“以防”:
            I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the baby.
            為了不驚醒嬰兒,我輕輕地關(guān)上門。
            在bring, buy, need, take, use, want等動(dòng)詞后經(jīng)常用賓語(yǔ)+不定式(而不用賓語(yǔ)+in order to/so as to),不定式表示用賓語(yǔ)的目的:
            I want something to drink.
            我想要一點(diǎn)喝的東西。
            I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.
            我需要一把湯匙來(lái)吃這冰淇淋。
            Bring me a chair to sit on.
            給我拿一把椅子來(lái)坐。
            (2)連詞 so that, in order that可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候,so that和 in order that后面可以跟may, can或will。so that比in order that更為普遍:
            I’ve arrived early so that/in order that I may/can/will get the tickets.
            我到得早,以便能買到票。
            當(dāng)主句中的動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)候, so that和in order that后面跟should, could, might或would:
            I arrived early so that/in order that I should/could/might/would get the tickets.
            (譯文同上)
            so that和in order that后面的否定形式如下:
            I arrived early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.
            我到得很早,以免錯(cuò)過(guò)什么。(否定句中不可用could,可用should, would等)
            (3)相比之下,帶to, so as to和 in order to的結(jié)構(gòu)比帶that的結(jié)構(gòu)要簡(jiǎn)單、自然,所以多為人使用:
            I arrived early so as not to/in order not to miss anything.(譯文同上)
            當(dāng)前后主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),不定式前面加for+名詞/代詞比that結(jié)構(gòu)更簡(jiǎn)潔