LESSON 59 IN OR OUT
1.spend表示“在……上花時間”時,后面如果跟名詞則用介詞on;如果跟動名詞則用介詞in(在口語中in往往省略):
Why don’t you spend more time on studies?
你為什么不在學(xué)習(xí)上再多花點時間呢?
I spent two weeks(in) reading this book.
我花了兩星期的時間讀這本書。
2.expert表示“做/干……的專家/高手”時后面通常用 at doing sth.;表示在某一領(lǐng)域是“專家”、“權(quán)威”時可用介詞in或on:
John is an expert at driving a car.
約翰是開車高手。
She is an expert in flowers.
她是花卉方面的專家。
Sam is an expert on that problem.
薩姆是研究那個問題的權(quán)威。
3.表示目的的幾種方式:to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that
(1)帶to的不定式及其變體in order to和so as to 可以用來表示目的:
I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn French.
我去法國居住,以便學(xué)習(xí)法語。
not to可以用于表示取舍:
I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics.
我去法國不是為了學(xué)法語,而是為了學(xué)化學(xué)。
so as not to/in order not to可以用于表示“以防”:
I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the baby.
為了不驚醒嬰兒,我輕輕地關(guān)上門。
在bring, buy, need, take, use, want等動詞后經(jīng)常用賓語+不定式(而不用賓語+in order to/so as to),不定式表示用賓語的目的:
I want something to drink.
我想要一點喝的東西。
I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.
我需要一把湯匙來吃這冰淇淋。
Bring me a chair to sit on.
給我拿一把椅子來坐。
(2)連詞 so that, in order that可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。當(dāng)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成時或一般將來時的時候,so that和 in order that后面可以跟may, can或will。so that比in order that更為普遍:
I’ve arrived early so that/in order that I may/can/will get the tickets.
我到得早,以便能買到票。
當(dāng)主句中的動詞為一般過去時、過去進行時或過去完成時的時候, so that和in order that后面跟should, could, might或would:
I arrived early so that/in order that I should/could/might/would get the tickets.
(譯文同上)
so that和in order that后面的否定形式如下:
I arrived early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.
我到得很早,以免錯過什么。(否定句中不可用could,可用should, would等)
(3)相比之下,帶to, so as to和 in order to的結(jié)構(gòu)比帶that的結(jié)構(gòu)要簡單、自然,所以多為人使用:
I arrived early so as not to/in order not to miss anything.(譯文同上)
當(dāng)前后主語不一致時,不定式前面加for+名詞/代詞比that結(jié)構(gòu)更簡潔
1.spend表示“在……上花時間”時,后面如果跟名詞則用介詞on;如果跟動名詞則用介詞in(在口語中in往往省略):
Why don’t you spend more time on studies?
你為什么不在學(xué)習(xí)上再多花點時間呢?
I spent two weeks(in) reading this book.
我花了兩星期的時間讀這本書。
2.expert表示“做/干……的專家/高手”時后面通常用 at doing sth.;表示在某一領(lǐng)域是“專家”、“權(quán)威”時可用介詞in或on:
John is an expert at driving a car.
約翰是開車高手。
She is an expert in flowers.
她是花卉方面的專家。
Sam is an expert on that problem.
薩姆是研究那個問題的權(quán)威。
3.表示目的的幾種方式:to, in order to, so as to, so that, in order that
(1)帶to的不定式及其變體in order to和so as to 可以用來表示目的:
I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn French.
我去法國居住,以便學(xué)習(xí)法語。
not to可以用于表示取舍:
I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics.
我去法國不是為了學(xué)法語,而是為了學(xué)化學(xué)。
so as not to/in order not to可以用于表示“以防”:
I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the baby.
為了不驚醒嬰兒,我輕輕地關(guān)上門。
在bring, buy, need, take, use, want等動詞后經(jīng)常用賓語+不定式(而不用賓語+in order to/so as to),不定式表示用賓語的目的:
I want something to drink.
我想要一點喝的東西。
I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.
我需要一把湯匙來吃這冰淇淋。
Bring me a chair to sit on.
給我拿一把椅子來坐。
(2)連詞 so that, in order that可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。當(dāng)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成時或一般將來時的時候,so that和 in order that后面可以跟may, can或will。so that比in order that更為普遍:
I’ve arrived early so that/in order that I may/can/will get the tickets.
我到得早,以便能買到票。
當(dāng)主句中的動詞為一般過去時、過去進行時或過去完成時的時候, so that和in order that后面跟should, could, might或would:
I arrived early so that/in order that I should/could/might/would get the tickets.
(譯文同上)
so that和in order that后面的否定形式如下:
I arrived early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.
我到得很早,以免錯過什么。(否定句中不可用could,可用should, would等)
(3)相比之下,帶to, so as to和 in order to的結(jié)構(gòu)比帶that的結(jié)構(gòu)要簡單、自然,所以多為人使用:
I arrived early so as not to/in order not to miss anything.(譯文同上)
當(dāng)前后主語不一致時,不定式前面加for+名詞/代詞比that結(jié)構(gòu)更簡潔